Scribd
Upload
9 views

Mathematics I Formulas

The document outlines important formulas and key notes across five units of calculus, including definite and improper integrals, theorems like Rolle's and Mean Value, and concepts in sequences, series, and multivariable calculus. It also covers essential matrix concepts such as rank, eigenvalues, and orthogonal transformations. Each unit provides foundational mathematical principles crucial for advanced studies in calculus and linear algebra.

Uploaded by

pipoje5092
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
9 views

Mathematics I Formulas

The document outlines important formulas and key notes across five units of calculus, including definite and improper integrals, theorems like Rolle's and Mean Value, and concepts in sequences, series, and multivariable calculus. It also covers essential matrix concepts such as rank, eigenvalues, and orthogonal transformations. Each unit provides foundational mathematical principles crucial for advanced studies in calculus and linear algebra.

Uploaded by

pipoje5092
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 2

Important Formulas and Key Notes

Unit 1: Calculus
1. Definite Integral:
∫[a,b] f(x) dx = F(b) - F(a)
2. Improper Integrals:
If the integral has infinite limits or an integrand with an infinite discontinuity.
3. Reduction Formula:
∫ sin^n(x) dx = -1/n sin^(n-1)(x) cos(x) + (n-1)/n ∫ sin^(n-2)(x) dx
4. Beta Function:
B(x, y) = ∫[0,1] t^(x-1) (1-t)^(y-1) dt
5. Gamma Function:
Γ(n) = ∫[0,∞] t^(n-1) e^(-t) dt

Unit 2: Calculus
1. Rolle's Theorem:
If f(a) = f(b), then there exists c ∈ (a, b) such that f'(c) = 0.
2. Mean Value Theorem:
f'(c) = (f(b) - f(a)) / (b - a)
3. Taylor Series:
f(x) = f(a) + f'(a)(x-a) + f''(a)(x-a)^2/2! + ...
4. Maclaurin Series:
Special case of Taylor series with a = 0.
5. L'Hospital's Rule:
If lim(x→c) f(x)/g(x) = 0/0 or ±∞/±∞, then:
lim(x→c) f(x)/g(x) = lim(x→c) f'(x)/g'(x)

Unit 3: Sequences and Series


1. Convergence Tests:
- Ratio Test
- Root Test
2. Power Series:
∑[n=0,∞] a_n (x-c)^n
3. Fourier Series:
f(x) = a_0/2 + ∑[n=1,∞] (a_n cos(nx) + b_n sin(nx))
4. Parseval's Theorem:
∫[−π,π] |f(x)|^2 dx = π(a_0^2/2 + ∑[n=1,∞] (a_n^2 + b_n^2))

Unit 4: Multivariable Calculus


1. Gradient:
∇f = (∂f/∂x)i + (∂f/∂y)j + (∂f/∂z)k
2. Curl:
∇×F = |i j k|
|∂/∂x ∂/∂y ∂/∂z|
|F_x F_y F_z|
3. Divergence:
∇·F = ∂F_x/∂x + ∂F_y/∂y + ∂F_z/∂z
4. Lagrange Multipliers:
Solve ∇f = λ∇g to find extrema subject to constraints.

Unit 5: Matrices
1. Rank of Matrix:
Maximum number of linearly independent rows or columns.
2. Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors:
Ax = λx, where λ is an eigenvalue and x is an eigenvector.
3. Cayley-Hamilton Theorem:
Every square matrix satisfies its characteristic equation.
4. Orthogonal Transformation:
A transformation preserving dot products: A^T A = I.

You might also like