Scribd
Upload
9 views4 pages

FCE 451 - Lead Questions

The document outlines a series of lead questions related to engineering surveying, focusing on electromagnetic distance measurement (EDM), total stations, and curve setting techniques. It covers principles of EDM, error sources, calibration procedures, and comparisons between different measurement instruments. Additionally, it addresses the design and setting out of curves, including transition curves and vertical curves, with various calculations and methodologies required in engineering surveying.

Uploaded by

TWA lib Khalid
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
9 views4 pages

FCE 451 - Lead Questions

The document outlines a series of lead questions related to engineering surveying, focusing on electromagnetic distance measurement (EDM), total stations, and curve setting techniques. It covers principles of EDM, error sources, calibration procedures, and comparisons between different measurement instruments. Additionally, it addresses the design and setting out of curves, including transition curves and vertical curves, with various calculations and methodologies required in engineering surveying.

Uploaded by

TWA lib Khalid
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

ENGINEERING SURVEYING 20.09.

2024

LEAD QUESTIONS

ELECTROMAGNETIC DISTANCE MEASUREMENT.

1. Using a well-labeled flow diagram explain the basic principles involved in


distance measurement with EDM.

2. Starting from first principles and using the usual notations, show that the
distance D from EDM is given as
D = Nλ + φ × λ
2 2∏ 2
Explaining all the symbols used

3. Differentiate between Passive and Active EDMs.

4. For each of the error sources associated with EDM measurements, explain:

(i) The major cause.


(ii) Relative order of magnitude.
(iii) Calibration procedures.
(iv) Minimization or elimination measures/procedures

5. Compare and contrast Total Stations and Modular (Mounted) EDMs.

6. Explain, with diagrams where necessary, the various approaches associated


with the Total Station Micro processor using onboard software options to
make both measurements and related computations, user friendly

7. (a) The standard errors of a single measurement of length by an


instrument are given ± 1.5mm and ± 3mm/km.

(i) Comment on the contributory errors leading to the above values.

(ii) What is the standard error of a measurement of 30.5 kilometer


length.

(b) The ground distances of two segments AB and BC of a baseline are


606.458m and 661.935m respectively. Their measured distances with
an EDM instrument are 606.612 and 662.075m and total distance AC
is 1268.545m. Calculate the zero error.
(c ) The following distance combinations were measured using a certain
electro-optical instrument.

Line Length (m) Line Length (m)


AB 191.733 BG 313.466
AC 222.247 CG 282.953
AD 252.740 DG 252.461
AE 283.262 EG 221.940
AF 313.673 FG 191.526

ABCDEFG are collinear, and AG was measured as 505.091m. Determine


the additive constant.

8. (i) With a well labeled diagram show how the distance between two
points can be obtained from Global Positioning System (GPS)
(ii) Demonstrate how RTK mode of GPS is applied in the determination of
point coordinates used in Engineering surveying

CURVES
9. Small radius curves may be set out using linear measuring devices only.
Explain the THREE methods of setting out under the following captions.
(i) Derivation of the operating equations.
(ii) Setting out procedures.
(iii) Basic instrumentation

10. (a) When projected, the center line of two straights meet at point I with a
deflection angle of 500 00’ 00”. The straights are to be connected by a
circular curve of radius 300m. Tabulate all the setting out data using
Ranskine’s method assuming 10m chords on a through chainage basis.
The chainage at I is given as 2189.892m. The entry point is

(b) If the following data were also given,


Coordinates of I = 10,000N; 10,000E
Bearing IT = 2100 00’ 00”
Generate the coordinates of the curve points of the above curve at
30m intervals.

11. Explain how you would accomplish setting out a simple circular curve when
(i) intersection point I is inaccessible.
(ii) there is obstacle along the curve.
(i) there is a large building between T1 and a point on the curve.
(ii) the curve has to pass through point P on the ground
Derive any relevant formula.
12. What are the main features of Compound and Reverse curves?

13. In the context of Transition curves explain the following terms


(i) Clothoid curve.
(ii) Super elevation.
(iii) Minimum safe radius.
(iv) The shift
(v) Short’s Factor.

14. Mention the roles of a transition curve and the requirements in the design of
The curve.

15. Explain the two types of transition curves commonly used in road design.

16. Explain the two methods, in each case, used in determining the length and
minimum safe radius of a transition curve.

17. The deflection angle between two straights is observed as 140 28’ 26”. The
straights are to be joined by a composite curve. The design speed of the road
is 85 km/hr and the radius of the circular curve is 600m.
If the through chainage of the intersection point is 5461.34m, draw up the
setting out table for the three curves at exact 20m multiples of through
chainage using the tangential angles method. The rate of change of radial
acceleration should be taken as 0.3m/s3.

18. What is the purpose of a vertical curve?

19. Summarize the major assumptions/approximations used to simplify vertical


curve computations.

20. Explain the design factors in vertical curves.

22. Upon which factors does the stopping distance depend?


23. The reduced level at the intersection of a rising gradient of 1.5 per cent and a
falling gradient of 1.0 per cent on a proposed road is 93.60 m AOD. Given
that the k-value for this particular road is 55, the through chainage of the
intersection point is 671.34m and the vertical curve is to have equal tangent
lengths, calculate

(i) The through chainages of the tangent points of the vertical


curve if the minimum required length is to be used.

(ii) The reduced levels of the tangent points and the reduced levels
at exact 20 m multiples of through chainage along the curve.

(iii) The position and level of the highest point on the curve.

………………………………….. END ……………………………………

You might also like