Date

Chapter-2 *
* Nates Kesu Bces

*|Jater
Watey is a enewable xesouxe
3/4tho the eaxth'c SUrface ic cove re witi
water_ut only a ngl_poportion a it accaunts for_
fseshuwatex thatt can be put to uree.
Thistreshwates ir _ainly abtained fom uGtace
Somme facts and higures -
D
65 pexcert_g the tatal ualume of words wJates
ectimated to exist as ocean and only 2.5
as fse.chwates.
India eceives neasly 4 A of the globalprecipitatian
and xanks 133 in the sOrldin texms aP water
auailqbility _pes_pexsSan pe Unnum
2By 202S,it ispsedicted thet laYge parts of
Ineli e will_ join countries0B hauina
segionr hcuine
absolute_water_Scascity

KSome sousces af tech water

Precipitation : from rainfall

Suface water i in vex, lakes etc.
ound watexi water ctoxed inunslesgrouhs
acqutersSuhich qets seached by
raintalL

Conservcion
 Page:
Date

The ptotection_of plante and animale, hatual areg

se
and interestin and inpastart buillings especially
fsom the damaging effects af human actiuity.

watea Caaty
Wates CQ suity means shostaae o watex.

Cauuges o water Scarcity

Laxge groung-population.
ater xeSoUKCES axe beinq oes - exploited to
expadinigated axeac
D axeater demand tor wcter sith goin
5 usbanisation and inductsialisation
Unequal accecc to wetes anong dfferent socigl
5oups

Exceriue use o water by_industsies.

Ouex exploitation of water
in the urban aseac.
Main cauLer of water pollution:-

Domestic Lwates
nductaial wates axe disposed atf
Lwithourt psope s treatment. in the wates
watex
Chemical efluents fsom
ago cu tBal indurtaies and fromn
sector.
DPecicides and fertilicexs uuned in_ agsicutuTe
Many human
actiuities e.Q
immering of idols, ete. ueigioue situals d
in the water and
pollertewatex oalco
 rag
Date

Reas on ot need for ConseTuatian S werte desoUICeSE

P Wattes resoUacee are im ite_ans our requiremets
ae increasin.g day by day
osMot
o sMo t af
ot auxrefouxces Qxe pa lletedand unsurtablee
or dxin kinqans ather _puzparec
0 Toccfe.gua sdouKseluesfram health hazande
oToencuse tood security Gnd for cotinuetion
ofau livelihoods
D0Topaevent. degradation of natuxal ecasytem of our
Lwater bodieS

*Multinationa Campanie (MNC)

hare Companies whose inductrial oraanittions wak

mosethanin a Single natian and theyinvect
capittal in man y countaies tn eaxn maximum
Lprof itsS.

the indurtzialisation and rbaninetionQse

xeSpangible fox_ thewatex cacity-
D Rapid indutrialisation after the independence
Due to euer-incseacin number dE ihdurtxier exce
u e o f fseshLetex
Tlulttplyin uxban centres with lagge and dene
fapulation and ban ifetyles haue added t water
Cnd enexgysequiemeht
Quesexplortation wates eSouYcesin cties a
Lwel as invillager

Reason foos inc easinq wattes scascity_in Indiq

Camlin
 Page:
Date:

Indiq ic a countay of Mansoan climate, Sometime

Sometinme_
due to the toiluve Mancaon the sasdty _a
Lwaber_incre.aree
The xapid qsowth in the demand at imigation sater
DDue to the ihdutrial actiuitier downfall_of
uhderggoUn dwates.
D
asouwing pxe.ssure on the watex re souxcer ue to the
pace usbani sctian.
DT meet_the needs ot the qowing poplatian.

Hydroelectsicity Chydel power)

Electaicity generatiin xam the floLsing water rivexs
by throsing it Prom height

Meacur es adopte oY Conservction ot weter xeauMeS=

oDo not overdsaw Bhe qxound wates, 3echasge the qxouhd

wates.
0Avoid wasta qe water ot all levelc
aDo not pollute the water
Tappinq
Tappin the i n wgt er ih resexvois watex ched
deuelopm et.psoqTamnes, _et
Drip_ iiqction and sprinklear,etc: especially in dry
25 QCeas

HoL wer water consexued at ancent timer in India f-

n the t_centuosy RC_Alhabad had excellent

watc
hasueuina duing the time fChandsaqupta Mauxya
Dams, lakes Cnd irriqattien ystem was built

Ppey imigddaon Syrtem had eed been found in Ka ng Camlinn

 OJisha Na4axjun Kanda in Andhra Prade.ch, Bennux
in
KaTnataka, and Kalhapur in Mahoxachtra
Bhopal
lake buik in the 11 cetruxy wa One afP the
slasgesb astficial lake of that time.

Tathe 14tcentury_Iltutmich contucted a tenk

hauz khas Delhi fox- upplying water

What ase Htthp multi-purpasse prgject? whot ie itc prparer

AJvantaes_o multi-puxpare prmiect. Name Some
mutipuxpare, p+ject jn Idig

Multa-puxpaseprqjecte include laxqe damp that sux ue

sSeve ral_puxporeg which are ac tollows=

D Helps to contral flood

Poouide_weter fos ixxi gation gnd dinking
and ditsi beeting electicity.
D
Helpe in genexatin
aTnc suage pisci.culture ( h bxeeding
D
So cOesvat sh.

Incha Qxe ac hllar-_

Some multi-pupose_pgjecde ct

Buit on sivex Damadar Qnd

Damodax Valley Caxpoxatiom
are Jharkhand and Weet Rengal
beneiciaay gtates
Sutlaj
hakasa L uilt on tiver Segti and
Nangal
are Punjab, Haryana, Rajacthan
beneficiaty
Denelicia1y gtates
And Himachl Pradem
andbenetician
3 Hixakud Dam: Built an iuer_Mahanadi
tatep are ig_Odiha.. Camlin
 Date

Korhi Dam- Buit an viuey Kahi

and beneficary
4.
stutesare. Bihas aus neiqhbouKinqCoLntay Nepel,

5. Chcmbal valley Bujlt on xiver_Chambeal and

sbenehiciary ta Me states _ase Madhya redeph Gnd
Rajathah
Digoduartaqes at Multipuxpace Praje.ctr or Dam

Do One the biaqectdiaduantaae ase that hey

Hail ta ulSL theix becic okjective that ie
floadContral and sometimes they itreH cacupes
flood.

DRegulcting and Daminq d riverr cffet the natunel

flo df the ives which_caurerexce ccie
Sedimentatian and advexe.ly Cffect aquatic lte..

MultipuKpase pKoiect leadc to laraeecale af

isplacement of local coxMUnitiec and_laes to thex
livelihaod
O Exceariue ue tsatex and auer
imgation oQccauut
othe_project ahd lead ta land degradedi on.
* |Why Jawahaarlal Nehxu proudlly
poclaimed 0ame ac
temples Modem India ?
here dame or
multiALerpo.ceorgjects helos ta gpee
up the develapment af Qgiceulture and
aqiculture leads to_ dee lapment ofdeelopmen
in duY
This iLwhy Nehru Compared te
Demar ta t
temple aP modemIndia
Camlin
 Page:
Date

Why dams aie now xetered ag multipur pare, arojects?

Damsase Conidexed ar nmultipupore psoje ct becaue-

of tollouwinq gearonr

immqcation as well ae
They are _constructed ts catsal for
aenexetion d ele ctsicity
conere water 5esouECES
DDamc ate alco con.cu ces to
cail
a well arnatuxal veqetation ahd
o They Qlm psamate tousism1

muHipunpacepaqiects lox against

Movements against
constsuction of dams):--

parepsojects and dams haue

many
15Since_Bhese multips
skmduantage ir_
dicaduantager ahd one of the biggert
at lcal communitier o many Movements
displacement
been againt there multipunpare
launched
have
Contsuction of there dams. One d h e
paojeetr
Nasma de Bachao Aendol an? ax
Sae
20 movement wae
Naxada (148Saqainst the ma kin of Sardas
Sasova_dam_ CKoL Nommadq givezin aujarat.
gove govexnmental_
t w r organiSed by a non
Qnd LwCjoned by-
onqanisation led Medha Petekar
ehvizonmentalist anshuman rightr
faomers, tibalLpeaple ,
activict
o his_movement wa sque
The main qim
wouldbe Sumerges un dex the dam
the tee hieh
alco to ehabiltate Bhe dgelaced peo ple.
watex and
water
haruestng and whet Qse its main
*What is_gain water
objectiuer
Camlin
 Page - -- - -

Date:

savina
pxactiseat
p
Rain wates haxvecting xelere to the
and ing xain uwater on the ustce on which
t fall
DThe mainobjecties of sain watex harvecting- aKe
ar fAllos
aTo meet incxe acinq demand of whter
-To avaid floadinq on soad
improve the
d lo increase qxound wcter tute and to
Quality of qxound water
d)-Te Save,_wates fkom being_palluted
eTo tulk_wetes equirementsin long and dr
PuMene S.

15What axe diffe sent methade afsain water haxverting

Gaul ox kul nethod This methodi applied is

Himalycn geqion in which people divert the channelo
a riverx

2 Bamboa dsip inigction System in which watex i r ctored

bamboo pipes

Roo top Kain wates haruectin In this me thod

xdin ater i captured from xoat and tored in
tanks a r e seTvoiK

4.| Palar Pani In thie methad xain crter ir ctored ia

undexqxaund tanke which ioured arpostable wate
30 Thie method ot makinq undexqoundtanks Qre e
dane in gid osemi- rid xegianr af Rajgtten
C n d alco in Tamil Nadu.Thi underground tan ka
are_conne cted to.te nlopin_sd.oP oP he hocie
Camlin
 Page:
Date

thsouoh pipe Rain fellinq an the _Kog toswauld

tzaueL the pipe ondthKough ne_pipe it
would get etoxed_in thore underground tan e, phene
tankr Qse Made Lndesgrouhd_ s thatin kgt
temp eretureLwatey can be xem ain cas which can be
used by peaple

TatalRenewable watex Percet = 18q7 pex qEn

10