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Process Engineering Calculations (Part 1)-110

The NTU method is used to analyze heat exchangers by calculating the number of transfer units (NTU) based on geometry, flow rates, and heat transfer characteristics. It involves determining the NTU value, calculating heat transfer effectiveness, estimating the heat transfer rate, and outlet temperatures. The method assumes simplifications and may require more detailed analysis for complex factors like fouling or non-uniform flow distribution.

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2 views

Process Engineering Calculations (Part 1)-110

The NTU method is used to analyze heat exchangers by calculating the number of transfer units (NTU) based on geometry, flow rates, and heat transfer characteristics. It involves determining the NTU value, calculating heat transfer effectiveness, estimating the heat transfer rate, and outlet temperatures. The method assumes simplifications and may require more detailed analysis for complex factors like fouling or non-uniform flow distribution.

Uploaded by

Varatha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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account the temperature difference between the hot and cold fluids, the heat exchanger configuration,

and the fluid flow rates.

In the NTU method, the heat exchanger is typically represented as a series of heat transfer units.
Each heat transfer unit consists of a hot fluid stream and a cold fluid stream. The NTU value
represents the number of these heat transfer units in the heat exchanger

The NTU method involves the following steps:

1. Determining the NTU Value: The NTU value is calculated based on the heat exchanger geometry,
flow rates, and heat transfer characteristics. It can be determined using equations or graphical
methods.
2. Calculating the Heat Transfer Effectiveness: The effectiveness ( ε) of the heat exchanger is
determined using the NTU value and the heat exchanger configuration. The effectiveness
represents the ratio of the actual heat transfer to the maximum possible heat transfer. It is a
measure of how efficiently heat is transferred between the hot and cold fluids.
3. Estimating the Heat Transfer Rate: Once the effectiveness is known, the heat transfer rate in the
heat exchanger can be calculated. This involves multiplying the maximum possible heat transfer
rate (which is determined by the temperature difference between the hot and cold fluids) by the
effectiveness.
4. Estimating outlet temperatures by simple heat balance in shell and tube

It should be noted that the NTU method assumes certain simplifications and may not account for all
complex factors, such as fouling or non-uniform fluid flow distribution. In such cases, more detailed
analysis and modeling may be required.

Capacity ratio
ṁ
Capacity ratio=
ṁ

Number of transfer units


𝑈𝐴
NTU =
𝐶
Cmin: stream with the lowest mCp
Overall temperature range & Effectiveness
Overall temperature range = T −t
QMax = CMin.(THot In - TCold In)
Q=ε*Cmin *(Th1 -t c1 )
THot Out = THot In - Q /( ṁH.CpH)
TCold Out = TCold In + Q /( ṁC.CpC)

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