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Process Engineering Calculations (Part 1)-109

The document compares three methods for evaluating heat exchangers: Kern, Bell-Delaware, and Tinker, highlighting their ease of use, resultant design conservativeness, and equipment costs. It also details how each method accounts for various factors such as bypass streams, baffle spacing, and pressure drop. Additionally, it introduces the NTU method, which assesses heat transfer performance based on effectiveness.

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3 views

Process Engineering Calculations (Part 1)-109

The document compares three methods for evaluating heat exchangers: Kern, Bell-Delaware, and Tinker, highlighting their ease of use, resultant design conservativeness, and equipment costs. It also details how each method accounts for various factors such as bypass streams, baffle spacing, and pressure drop. Additionally, it introduces the NTU method, which assesses heat transfer performance based on effectiveness.

Uploaded by

Varatha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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than the real values.

Table below shows a comparison of the Kern, Bell–Delaware, and the Tinker’s
methods.
Kern Bell-Delaware Tinker
1. Ease of use Simple More involved More involved
2. Resultant design Very conservative Not conservative Not conservative
3. Cost of equipment Very high Relatively low Relatively low
4. Does it account for
a. By pass and leakage streams No Yes Yes
b. Inlet and outlet baffle
spacing being different than
the central one No Yes Yes
c. Number of tube rows being
different in inlet and outlet zones
than in the center. No Yes No
d. Seal strips No Yes Yes
e. Different tube layouts and
baffle cuts No Yes Yes
f. Effectiveness of tube rows in
window by a separate
calculation. No Yes Yes
Original plots
extended.
Method remains Δp calculated lam Method remains
g. Laminar flow unchanged. differently. unchanged.
Accounts for it by
Assumes shell full number of tubes in Accounts for it by mean
h. Size of tube bundle of tubes cross flow bundle width.
i. Pressure drop in the nozzle. Yes No No
Yes (takes an
j. Δp due to gradual fouling of average
heat exchanger working unit) No Yes
5. Basis of Reynolds number Equivalent
calculation diameter Tube O.D. Tube O.D.
Cross-flow mass velocity
Geometric mean of multiplied by a factor
Cross flow over the cross-flow and for tubes in baffle
6. Which mass velocity used? tube bundle window flow. window.
Source: Petroleum Refining Design and applications, vol. 4, A. Kayode coker

1.3 NTU Method


The NTU (Number of Transfer Units) method is a widely used approach for rating shell and tube heat
exchangers. It is a simplified yet effective method for evaluating the heat transfer performance of such
heat exchangers.

The NTU method is based on the concept of heat transfer effectiveness, which represents the ratio of
the actual heat transfer in the heat exchanger to the maximum possible heat transfer. It takes into

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