Simple (mij), Complex (wgkÖ ev RwUj), Compound Sentence (‡hŠwMK)

Simple sentence: একটি simple sentence এ শুধুমাত্র একটি clause থাকক অথাৎথ একটি subject এবং একwU finite
verb থাকক। simple sentence এ সাধারণত In spite of, Despite, Because of, Owing to, too-to, enough - to, Present
participle রূপে being, having, v+ing, By/Without/Besides + v+ing থাকক।

Complex sentences: একটি প্রধান (principal) clause এবং এK ev একাধধক ধনর্থরশীল sub-ordinate clause থাকক।
অথাৎ থ কমপকে দুইটি subject এবং এবং দুইটি finite verb থাকক। এ ছাড়া Complex Sentence এ Who, Whom, Whose,
Which, What, As, because, since, for, as if, If, Though, Although, after, before Where, When, While, How, that, So
that, In order that, Till, Until, Lest, Unless, in case, Than ইতযাধদ দ্বারা একাধধক clause যুক্ত থাকক।
***Principle clause Gi mvnvh¨ e¨ZxZ ‡h clause GKvwK A_© cÖKvk Ki‡Z cv‡i bv, Zv‡K sub-ordinate clause e‡j|

Compound sentence: এককর অধধক principal clause _v‡K, hv‡`i‡K co-ordinate clause বলা হয়। অথাৎথ
Compound sentence এ দুই তকতাধধক principal clause বা co-ordinate clause থাকক। এছাড়া Compound sentence এ
সাধারণত and, or, but, yet, so therefore, otherwise, or else, both and, either or, neither - nor, not only but also
ইতযাধদ co-ordinating conjunction Øviv `yBwU principal clause যুক্ত থাকক।

Transformation: Simple, Complex and Compound Sentence

Simple Complex Compound অর্ থ
Because of কারণ Since/as (‡h‡nZz) and কারণ স্পষ্ট হকল
(Present/past/perfect) Since/as/when/after and একটি আকে ও
participle অপরটি পকর ঘিকল
In spite of সকেও Though/although But সকেও, যধদও, ধকন্তু
By + verb + ing If (affirmative) and শতথ সাকপকে
Without + verb + ing If (negative) Or শতথ ধবপরীত অকথ থ
Too --- to so---that + sub + cannot + verb very+---+and+ sub + cannot + অধতধরক্ত বুঝাকল
verb
Infinitive to + in order toSo that + sub + can + verb and+sub+ want to + verb উকেশয বুঝাকল
Single clause Relative pronoun/ the place --- and *
-- where/ the time ---- when
Besides + (v+ing)/ noun While Not only ---- but also উপকরান্ত/পাশাপাধশ
Present/perfect participle No sooner had ---- than as ----and + instantly তৎেণাৎ
----instantly soon as

Rule-1: Simple sentence এ Because of থাককল complex Ki‡Z কারণ ধনকদথ শ ককর বকল Since/As প্রথকম বধসকয়
Because of যুক্ত অংশকক clause এ পধরণত করকত হয়। ধকন্তু Compound এ Complex এর ধিহ্ন উটিকয় ধদকয় and
দ্বারা দুকিা স্বাধীন clause কক যুক্ত করকত হয়।

Simple Sentence Because of my illness, I could not attend the class.

Complex Sentence Since I was ill, I could not attend the class.
Compound Sentence I was ill and could not attend the class.

Rule-2: Simple: কাছাকধছ সমকয় সংঘটিত দুটি কাকের মকধয Simple Sentence এ আকের কােটি Present participle
(verb+ing) এ হকয় থাকক। আর কবধশ সময় বযবধাকন সংঘটিত দুটি কাকের মকধয Simple Sentence এ আকের কােটি
perfect participle (Having +v3) এ হকয় থাকক। Complex: সময় ধনকদশ করকল থ Complex এ When/After এবং কারণ
ধনকদথ শ করকল Since/As প্রথকম বধসকয় participle যুক্ত অংশকক clause এ পধরণত করকত হয়। Compound এ Complex
এর linker এবং comma ধিহ্ন উটিকয় ধদকয় and দ্বারা দুকিা স্বাধীন clause কক যুক্ত করকত হয়।
Some examples are given below:
Simple Sentence Seeing the police, the thief ran away.
Complex Sentence When the thief saw the police, he ran away.
Compound Sentence The thief saw the police and ran away.

Simple Sentence Being ill, I could not attend the class.

Complex Sentence Since (‡h‡nZz) I was ill, I could not attend the class.
Compound Sentence I was ill and could not attend the class.

Simple Sentence The water being salty, I could not drink it.
Complex Sentence Since the water was salty, I could not drink it.
Compound Sentence The water was salty and I could not drink it.

Simple Sentence Having heard the news, he began to weep.

Complex Sentence When he had heard the news, he began to weep.
Compound Sentence He had heard the news and began to weep.

Rule-3. Simple sentence এ Inspite of বা Despite থাককল , Complex sentence এ Though বা Although এবং
Compound sentence এ But বযবহৃত হকব।

Simple Sentence Despite/ In spite of his poverty, he is happy.

Complex Sentence Though/Although he is poor, he is happy.
Compound Sentence He is poor but happy.

Rule-4: (a)
Simple sentence – By+V(ing) /In case of/In the event of + gerund থাককল তার
Complex এর প্রথম অংশ If+affirmative clause হকব এবং তার
Compound এর প্রথম অংশ Imperative হকব এবং তারপর and সহ বাধক অংশ বসকব।

Simple Sentence By taking physical exercise, you may be healthy.

Complex Sentence If you take physical exercise, you may be healthy.
Compound Sentence Take physical exercise and you may be healthy.

(b)
তকব Simple এ Without+ gerund থাককল তার
Complex এর প্রথম অংশ Unless affirmative অর্বা If+ negative clause হকব এবং তার
Compound এর প্রথম অংশ Imperative হকব এবং তারপর or সহ বাধক অংশ বসকব।

Simple Sentence Without working hard, you will not succeed in life.
Complex Sentence Unless you work hard, you will not succeed in life.
Or, If you do not work hard, you will not succeed in life.
Compound Sentence Work hard or you will not succeed in life.

উপেখ্য, simple বা complex এর subject টি 2nd person হপে তার compound sentence টি present form Øviv Avi¤¢
করপত হয়। ককন্তু subject টি যকি ।" person বা 3rd person হয় তপব Let + objective form+ base form ব‡m
Simple By moving, he will die. Without moving, he will die.
Complex If he moves, he will die. If he does not move, he will die./
or, Unless he move, he will die.
Compound Let him move and he will die Let him move or he will die
Rule-5: একটিমাত্র doer ধবধশষ্ট Simple sentence এ too + adjective+ to+verb র্াকপে না-ববাধক অর্ থ
প্রকাশ কপর বকল তার Complex এ so that + negative clause এ েকরণত করপত হয়।
Compound এ too বা so স্থকল very এবং that এর স্থকল and বকস।

Simple Sentence He was too weak to walk. (কস এতই দুবলথ কয হাাঁিকত পাকর না।)
Complex Sentence He was so weak that he could not walk.
Compound Sentence He was very weak and could not walk.

Rule-6: একাধধক doer ধবধশষ্ট Simple sentence too +adj/adv+for+ object + to থাককল for + এর পকরর object টি complex
এর that clause এর subject হয়। অনযানয ধনয়মাবধল পূকবরথ অনুরূপ।

Simple Sentence The problem is too difficult for me to solve.

Complex Sentence The problem is so difficult that I cannot solve it.
Compound Sentence The problem is very difficult and I cannot solve it.

Rule-7; একটিমাত্র doer ধবধশষ্ট Simple senteme G adjective + enough to+verb থাককল হযাাঁ-কবাধক অথ প্রকাশ
থ ককর বকল
তার complex sentence G so…that+affirmative clause এ পধরণত করকত হয়। Compound sentence এ too ev so ¯’‡j very
Ges that Gi ¯’‡j and e‡m|
Simple Sentence I am strong enough to face you. কতামাকক কমাকাকবলা করার
Complex Sentence I am so strong that I can face you. েনয আধম যকথষ্ট শক্তক্তশালী
Compound Sentence I am very strong and can face you.

Rule-8: Simple sentence এ পূববতী

থ verb কক modify করকত infinitive (to+verb)/in order to বসকল তার Complex
sentence এ infinitive কক so that + clause এ পধরণত করকত হয়। Compound sentence এ infinitive এর পূকব 'want'
থ verb
এবং and এর পকর বাধক অংশ বসাকত হয়।
Simple Sentence He works hard to prosper in life.
Complex Sentence He works hard so that he can prosper in life.
Compound Sentence He wants to prosper in life and works hard.

Rule:9
sim: Ind Clause + at (the age of) + eqm cox: When + eqm + ind. cl compnd: Ind. cl+and+ ind clause
Sim: He met me at the age of 19 Cox: When he was 19, he met me compnd: He was 19 and he met me

Rule:10
Sim: স্বা. Cl+ in + সাল/মাস/ বছর/ঋতু cox: When + সাে/gvm/ বছর /ঋতু +ind. Cl. Compnd: ind. Cl + and + ind. cl
Sim: He was born in 1996 cox: When It was 1996, he was born Cmpnd: It was 1996 and he was born
Sim: 'In spring, the cuckoo(কুকু/ ককাধকল ) sings' Cox: When it is spring , the cuckoo sings Cmpnd:It is spring and the cuckoo sings.

Rule 11:
Sim: At the time of + PC+(V1+ing)+….,+ ind. Cl. Sim: At the time of his playing cricket, she cooks noodles.
Cox: When+ Ab¨vb¨+ind.cl Cox: When he plays cricket, she cooks noodles.
Com: ind. Cl+ and+ ind. Cl Cod: He plays cricket and she cooks noodles.

Rule: 12.
Simple: (a) Participle+ Noun; ev, (b) Noun/Pronoun+Participle ev,(c) Determiner+adj+Noun.
Complex: S+V+N + who (e¨w³) + which (e¯‘) + that + is/was + D³ participle/N
Compound: S+V+N + and + he/she/it/they+ is/was+ D³/ participle
12, a.
Sim: I notice a standing man. Cox: I notice a man who is standing. Cod: I notice a man and he is standing.

12, b.
Sim: I saw him singing. Cox: I saw that he was singing Cod: I saw him and he was singing.

12, c.
Sim: I saw a colorful picturce. Cox: I saw a picture which was colorful. cod: I saw a picture and it was colorful.

Rule-13: Simple: Subject+want/wish/like/desire + object + infinitive +extension.

Complex: Subject +want/wish/ like/desire (অপধরবধতথত থাকক) + that + object টি subject হয়+should + infinitive এর
verb কথকক বাধক অংশ বকস।
Simple: He wants me to go. Complex: He wants that I should go.

Rule-14: Simple sentence এ noun phrase থাককল Complex sentence এ noun phrase টি that/Wh
word কযাকে সম্প্রসাধরত হকয় noun clause এ পধরণত হয়।
Simple: I know his address/his living place. Complex : I know where he lives.

Rule 15: Complex sentence & noun clause থাককল Simple sentence এ noun clause টি সংকুধিত হকয়
সামঞ্জসযপূণ noun
থ phrase এ পধরণত হয়।
Complex: He confessed that he was guilty. Simple: He confessed to his guilt.

ধকন্তু adjective clause থাককল noun clause এর মকধয বাড়ধত adjective যুক্ত করকত হকব।
Complex: He died in the village where he was born. Simple: He died in his native village.

Rule:16. Simple sentence এ word/phrase কক সম্প্রসাধরত ককরও Complex sentence এ পধরণত করা যায়।
Simple Sentence Complex Sentence
He is a meritorious boy. He is a boy who has his merit.
Money is power. It is money which is power.
He is a good student. It is he who is a good student.
I know him to be honest. I know that he is honest.
I expect to get a prize. I expect that I will/shall get a prize.
Give me some water to drink. Give me some water that I may drink.
To tell the truth, he was absent. It is true that The truth is he was absent.
I lost this pen yesterday. This is the pen which I lost yesterday.
Only hard working men will succeed. Only those men who work hard, will succeed.
Honesty is the best policy. It is said that honesty is the best policy. (passive)
He is a student/He is famous. It is known that he is a student/he is famous.
I saw a bird flying. I saw a bird which was flying.
I saw him reading I saw that he was reading./ I saw him when he was reading.

Rule-17: Simple: ...to avoid doing sth. Complex: ....lest +sub+ should+base form +extension
Simple: I went to the station by a taxi to avoid missing the train.
Complex: I went to the station by a taxi lest I should miss the train.
Simple: Spend your money carefully to avoid falling into poverty.
Complex: Spend your money carefully lest you should fall into poverty.

Rule-18
Simple:- like +phrase doing sth Complex:------- as if/as though+ clause
Simple: He speaks like a leader. Complex: He speaks as if he were a leader.