RAVEN NICOLE FLORES BSCE 3A TOPIC: NTRODUCTION TO URBANIZATION AND TRANSPO

PUBLISHED JOURNAL TITLE

Sustainable allocation of
urban transportation land at
Social Science Research
February 07, 2024 the regional level: A
Network
theoretical and empirical
analysis
 Urbanization, transportation
infrastructure, ICT, and
April 24, 2021 Cities, Volume 115​
economic growth: A
temporal causal analysis
 Smarter Mobility for Better
Urban Development: An
Studies in Social Science &
Exploration of Urban Smart
May 01, 2023 Humanities, Paradigm
Transportation Governance
Academic Press
Based on International
Comparison
 The Future of Autonomous
Engineering Science & Vehicles in the U.S. Urban
Technology Journal, Landscape: A Review:
January 13, 2024
Volume 5, Issue 1 Analyzing Implications for
Traffic, Urban Planning,
and the Environment
 The specific journal or A Comprehensive
conference is not explicitly Algorithm for AI-Driven
January 01,2024 mentioned, but it appears to Transportation
be a conference paper Improvements in Urban
uploaded to ResearchGate. Areas

International Journal of The Urbanization Economy:

May 21, 2024 Artificial Intelligence, Difficulties and Approaches
Volume 4, Issue 3​ for Sustainable Growth
 Research on Thoughts and
CICTP 2018 - ASCE Countermeasures of
2018​ (American Society of Civil Transportation to Guide the
Engineers)​ Development of a New
Type of Urbanization

Association between New

Urbanization and
Symmetry, 2019, Volume
February 9, 2019​ Sustainable Transportation:
11, Article 192​
A Symmetrical Coupling
Perspective
 Accessibility: The Role of
Romanian Journal of
Transportation on
June 12, 2024 Historical Studies, Volume
Urbanization in Lokoja,
VII – Issues 1-2 / 2024​
Nigeria

What Came First,

The Singapore Economic
January 10, 2020​ Transportation or
Review
Urbanization?
TION AND TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM

NEEDS SOLUTION

>It proposes a framework based on

>To effectively allocate transportation
resource allocation theory, regional
resources to support sustainable
integration, and sustainable development
development in urban regions. Currently,
principles. This involves assessing
there is a lack of comprehensive
transportation land demands in the
frameworks for optimizing the allocation
YREB, with a focus on dominant
of transportation land, which is essential
transportation types, network
for balancing economic growth with
connectivity, and coordination across
environmental and social needs. This
urban regions.It supports decision-
study will focus on the Yangtze River
making strategies for sustainable and
Economic Belt (YREB) to analyze the
balanced land allocation, guiding
regional needs for different transportation
regional planning and infrastructure
types and their connectivity.
investment.
>To understand the temporal and causal
relationships between urbanization,
transportation infrastructure, ICT
infrastructure, and economic growth,
especially in the context of G-20 >The study employs a panel vector
countries. error-correction model (VECM) to
examine the temporal causal
>To explore both short-term and long- relationships between urbanization,
term effects of urbanization, transportation infrastructure, ICT
transportation infrastructure, ICT infrastructure, and economic growth.
infrastructure, and economic growth to The analysis includes both short-run and
address potential feedback loops and long-run effects, and it considers the
endogeneity in the analysis. potential feedback mechanisms.
>To
investigate how urbanization policies,
combined with ICT and transportation
infrastructure, affect economic growth​.
 >It proposes adopting smart mobility
systems that use technologies like IoT,
> To address cities worldwide face big data, and MaaS that can integrate
challenges like traffic congestion, various transport options into cohesive
pollution, and inadequate public transit as platforms, promoting more efficient and
urban populations grow using, environmentally friendly travel.
sustainable technology-driven solutions Collaborative governance models are
that involve collaboration between also essential, as they bring together
government, businesses, and the public. public and private stakeholders to
optimize transportation infrastructure
and services.
 >It suggests that autonomous vehicles
could play a crucial role in reshaping
urban mobility by improving traffic
efficiency and minimizing congestion
through advanced navigation and
>To address critical challenges in urban communication capabilities.
environments, including traffic Additionally, AVs could decrease the
congestion, road safety, and demand for parking and allow for more
environmental impacts, which have efficient land use, opening opportunities
intensified due to rapid urbanization and for green spaces or pedestrian areas. To
population growth. maximize these benefits, the study
advocates for developing comprehensive
regulatory frameworks, promoting safety
standards, and encouraging public
acceptance of AV technology in urban
areas.
 >It presents an AI-driven algorithm
designed to address multiple urban
transportation needs, including real-time
traffic management, public transit
>To identifies key urban transportation
optimization, and autonomous vehicle
challenges, including traffic congestion,
integration. By improving technologies
air pollution, limited sustainable transit
like machine learning and predictive
options, parking issues, and infrastructure
analytics, the algorithm continuously
decay. These issues impact urban quality
adapt traffic signals, optimizes routes,
of life and require innovative solutions to
and manages parking resources to reduce
manage growing urban populations and
congestion and improve efficiency. This
traffic demands.
also promotes sustainable transit options,
such as bike and scooter sharing, and
establishes a user-centered design that
can benefit the community.

> It proposes integrated urban planning

>The study indentifies and address the to manage land use, transportation, and
challenges of rapid urbanization, infrastructure. Investments in
including infrastructure strain, social infrastructure such as affordable
inequality, environmental impacts, and housing, transportation networks, and
informal settlements. renewable energy are critical to support
urban growth.
>It focuses on the relationship between
> It proposes a combination of
transportation development and new-type
normative and empirical analysis to
urbanization in China. It seeks to
explore the influence mechanisms
understand how transportation can guide
between transportation and
and support regional economic
urbanization.It also emphasizes the need
development, optimize urban structures,
for adjustments in transportation
and promote sustainable urbanization.
development plans, optimizing
> To address the lack of systematic and
transportation infrastructure to match the
comprehensive research on the different
new urbanization trends and different
stages of urbanization and their
regional needs​.
transportation demands in China​.

>To evaluate the symmetrical coupling

between New Urbanization (NU) and >The study proposes a Coupling
Sustainable Transportation (ST) in Coordination Degree (CCD) model to
China’s urban development. measure and evaluate the relationship
>To address the growing between NU and ST across nine Chinese
urbanization rate, which has caused metropolises, aiming to improve
issues like environmental pollution, decision-making for sustainable urban
unreasonable land use, and inadequate development
transportation infrastructure​.
 > It recommends enhancing both road
> To identifies the need for a strategic
and water transportation systems to
transportation infrastructure in Lokoja,
support the growing population and
especially with the urban expansion and
economic activities. Specifically,
population growth since 1991. As the
revitalizing the pre-colonial and colonial
number of people increased the demand
water transport systems is considered
for food and resources, necessitating
crucial for boosting economic
improved transportation systems.
prosperity.

>To explore the dynamic relationship

> It uses wavelet analysis to capture both
between transportation and urbanization
time-varying and frequency domain
in China. >To understand
relationships between transportation and
whether transportation infrastructure
urbanization. Through this analysis, it
development drives urbanization, or
provides more information that helps to
whether urbanization fuels the demand
better understand the short-term and
for transportation infrastructure.
long-term dynamics, as well as how
>To address time-varying and frequency-
these variables interact over different
based characteristics between
periods.​
transportation and urbanization.
 MATERIALS METHODS

>The study uses data from

government planning documents, > It uses quantitative methods including
transportation maps, socio-economic calculating transportation dependency,
statistics, and data for environmental assessing dominant transportation modes,
impact assessment. Data sources measuring connectivity, and evaluating
include the Ministry of Natural socio-economic and environmental
Resources, official government coordination. It also forecasts future land
portals, and statistical yearbooks demand using a gray-BP neural network to
from 2009 to 2021, covering aspects predict transportation needs for 2025 based
like road networks, railway on regional development trends.
infrastructure, and air connectivity.
 >It utilizes principal component analysis
(PCA) to derive composite indices for ICT
> For the data, the study uses a long-
infrastructure and transportation
term panel dataset spanning 58 years
infrastructure.
(1961–2016) from the World Bank's
>Panel data econometric methods, including
World Development Indicators
unit root tests and cointegration tests, were
(WDI) database.It uses G-20
employed to determine the order of
countries as a sample, which
integration of the variables and to assess
represent a mix of developed and
long-run relationships.
emerging economies, were chosen
>The VECM model was used to estimate
due to the availability of long time-
both short-run and long-run causality in
series data​
urbanization, transportation infrastructure,
ICT infrastructure, and economic growth.
> The study uses data from academic
papers, policy documents, and public >It employs a qualitative approach,
reports from both Chinese and gathering and analyzing textual data from
international sources, to ensure a selected sources related to smart mobility
comprehensive understanding of policies and initiatives. Researchers
smart mobility developments across performed coding analysis to categorize key
cities. Six cities—Amsterdam, themes, such as new infrastructure, travel
Singapore, New York, Beijing, modes, and data-sharing frameworks, to
Shanghai, and Shenzhen—were understand each city’s unique mobility
chosen based on their active smart innovations. A comparative analysis was
transportation initiatives and then conducted to highlight variations in
representational relevance. Each governance, stakeholder involvement, and
city’s data includes case studies, strategic focus, particularly contrasting
technology implementation details, Chinese cities’ government-led models with
and government plans to provide more multi-stakeholder approaches found
insights into different approaches to internationally.
urban mobility challenges.
>Data sources for this study included
peer-reviewed journals, government
publications, and industry reports, >It employed a systematic literature review
selected to provide a wide scope of and content analysis to combine findings
insights into the impact of AVs on from existing studies on AVs and urban
urban landscapes. The analysis environments. The literature review
focused on research published from included a strict selection process, focusing
2007 to 2023, ensuring the inclusion on works that addressed AVs' impact on
of the latest technological urban planning, traffic flow, and
advancements and trends in environmental health. This approach
autonomous vehicle systems. This enabled the study to identify repeated
comprehensive dataset allowed for an themes, patterns, and challenges, which
in-depth examination of AV were then used to propose recommendations
technology’s evolving role and its for integrating AVs into urban
implications for urban planning, transportation systems.
traffic management, and
environmental sustainability.
>It requires diverse datasets,
including real-time traffic flow from
>It proposed method includes continuous
sensors, public transportation usage
data collection, processing through machine
patterns, and parking availability
learning and optimization algorithms, and
data. These data sources are
monitoring systems to adjust and refine
continuously processed to ensure
transportation strategies. This approach also
decisions are based on current and
emphasizes a user-centered design,
historical trends. Community
incorporating public feedback and ethical
feedback and public opinion data are
guidelines.
also gathered to align solutions with
resident needs and preferences.

>It incorporates data from various >It uses a comprehensive research

academic and institutional sources, methodology that includes a literature
including reports from the United review, data collection, and case studies,
Nations and the World Bank, to aiming to capture the complexity of
analyze the economic and social urbanization. Quantitative data is gathered
aspects of urbanization. They also use to support discussions on urban growth
quantitative and qualitative data patterns, while qualitative insights from
sources, expert opinions and case interviews with urban planners and
studies from cities around the world economists add depth to the findings. By
that have successfully implemented synthesizing this data, the research
sustainable strategies provide real- highlights patterns and solutions that can
world insights. inform sustainable urban policy decisions.
> It uses comparative analysis and
research into China's current
>The methodology combines normative
urbanization stages, highlighting the
analysis with empirical data analysis. It
regional transportation infrastructure
evaluates different phases of urbanization
and the demands of various urban
and their respective traffic demands, using
areas.It also looks at data on
comparative research to analyze the effects
transportation infrastructure
of transportation on urban spatial
(expressways, railways, highways,
development and industrial layout​
ports) and how they interact with
industrial and population shifts.​

>It uses panel data from 2007 to 2016

for nine major Chinese metropolises >The research uses the Coupling
(Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Coordination Degree (CCD) model to
Guangzhou, Chongqing, Chengdu, calculate the coordination between NU and
Wuhan, Zhengzhou, and Xi'an)​. The ST. They also use the Grey Model (GM1, 1)
data includes urbanization and for time series prediction of future
transportation indicators obtained coordination trends.Lastly, they use ArcGIS
from the Statistical Yearbooks and to analyze CCD results.​
Urban Traffic Yearbooks​.
>It is based on a combination of >It employs historical research methods,
primary and secondary sources. It relying on both qualitative and quantitative
draws from oral interviews, archival data. Interviews, archival records, and
materials, journals, books, and literary sources form the basis of the
monographs​. investigation

>The study applies continuous wavelet

>The study uses yearly data from transforms (CWT) to analyze the
1949 to 2015 in China, to measure relationship between transportation and
the public transportation investment urbanization over time and across
and the stock of transportation frequencies. The Wavelet Power Spectrum
infrastructure. It also measures the and Wavelet Coherence are used to identify
urbanization by the ratio of urban co-movements and phase differences
population to total population. between transportation and urbanization
showing that, when one leads or lags behind
the other​.
 DIFFERENTIATION
RESULTS

>It uniquely integrates theoretical and >The study finds that transportation needs and
empirical analysis to support the land allocation priorities vary widely across the
sustainable allocation of transportation YREB. Developed urban areas require multi-
land at a regional level. Unlike previous modal transportation systems and more land,
studies, it offers a multidimensional while less-developed regions need targeted
approach that includes both land demand infrastructure to support basic connectivity. The
forecasting and connectivity assessments, results suggest that transportation land allocation
emphasizing balanced growth across the should be adjusted to the developmental stage and
YREB. industrial needs of each city.
 >The study found significant long-run
>It analyzes the temporal causality relationships between urbanization, transportation
between all four variables (urbanization, infrastructure, ICT infrastructure, and economic
transportation infrastructure, ICT growth for G-20 countries.
infrastructure, and economic growth) >In the long term,
simultaneously. the co-development of urbanization and
>It focuses specifically on the G-20 infrastructure positively influences economic
countries, a group that had not been growth, but the relationship is complex with some
extensively studied in this context​ feedback loops. On the other hand, in short-run
results were less uniform but still indicated
significant interactions among the variables​
>It highlights key distinctions between
smart mobility models in Chinese and
>It indicates that while cities share common goals,
non-Chinese cities, primarily in
such as reducing congestion and enhancing
governance approaches. Chinese cities like
sustainability, they implement smart mobility
Beijing, Shanghai, and Shenzhen feature
initiatives in distinct ways influenced by local
government-led models emphasizing top-
contexts. Amsterdam and New York adopt
down control and centralized planning,
"problem-oriented" approaches, developing user-
focusing on integrating private enterprises
focused solutions like bike lanes and pedestrian
and public entities under governmental
safety measures, while Singapore and Chinese
direction. In contrast, cities like
cities focus on government-led system integration
Amsterdam, Singapore, and New York
and high-tech solutions. Overall, the study
adopt more collaborative governance
suggests that multi-stakeholder engagement and
frameworks, encouraging private sector
technology-driven solutions are central to the
innovation and citizen involvement, which
future of urban mobility.
helps create tailored solutions to unique
local issues.
 >The findings indicate that autonomous vehicles
>Unlike other studies that might focus could significantly impact urban areas by reducing
only on technological advancements, this traffic congestion, enhancing safety through
article provides a complex perspective by decreased accidents, and supporting
also considering regulatory, societal, and environmental sustainability by lowering
environmental factors. The study goes emissions, particularly when integrated with
beyond technical aspects to address the electric vehicle technology. It also emphasizes that
ethical, policy, and infrastructure-related these potential benefits depend on successfully
challenges posed by AV integration in overcoming technological barriers, such as the
urban settings. This analysis highlights the need for reliable AV navigation systems and
factors that must be addressed to ensure secure infrastructure. In the future, AVs could
AVs contribute positively to urban life. transform urban mobility by making cities more
efficient, safer, and environmentally friendly.
 >It is expected to reduce congestion, optimize
public transit routes, and improve parking
>It stands out due to its holistic AI-driven
availability, resulting in a smoother and more
approach, addressing diverse aspects of
efficient transportation experience for urban
urban transportation. Unlike traditional
residents. It supports sustainable mobility by
models, it combines advanced technology
enhancing access to green transit options and
integration, real-time data analytics, and
reducing emissions. The system’s adaptability and
user engagement, adapting to dynamic
continuous improvements help maintain relevance
urban needs.
as urban dynamics shift, ensuring ongoing positive
impacts.

>Unlike other studies that may focus on

specific aspects of urbanization, this article >The findings emphasize both the economic
addresses social, economic, and benefits of urbanization and the need for
environmental dimensions as one. By sustainable strategies to manage its drawbacks.
connecting ideas from different areas, it For instance, without adequate infrastructure and
offers a holistic framework for policies, urban growth can worsen social
understanding and managing the inequalities and environmental degradation. It
urbanization process. This approach is suggests that by adopting sustainable urban
especially relevant as cities worldwide planning and infrastructure investments, cities can
face interconnected challenges that require maximize urbanization’s economic potential while
solutions beyond traditional and different minimizing negative impacts.
methods.
> It address the humanistic aspects of >Transportation is shown to significantly boost
transportation development in guiding urban spatial development, facilitating the creation
urbanization, which have often been of city clusters, central cities, and industrial
overlooked in traditional transportation agglomerations. It also lowers logistics costs,
research.It also provides insights into shortens transportation time, and optimizes
different stages of urbanization and tailors industrial layouts, driving urbanization and the
transportation planning accordingly​. transition from rural to urban employment​.

>For CCD values for Beijing, Tianjin, and

Chongqing it shows a downward trend, meaning
this decline could indicate that either NU is
advancing too fast for the ST infrastructure to
keep up, or that transportation is developing in
ways that do not align with the needs of
urbanization. On the other hand, Shanghai,
>This study is the first to apply a Guangzhou, Chengdu, and Wuhan showed an
symmetrical coupling perspective to upward trend . This indicates that the coordination
explore the interaction between New between NU and ST is improving, leading to more
Urbanization and Sustainable synchronized, balanced, and sustainable
Transportaion contrasting with previous development in this cities.
studies that focused on urbanization or > The eastern
transportation independently​. cities had higher CCD values than the central and
western cities, though the western cities showed
the fastest growth​.
> Predictions for 2025 show that the coupling
levels in eastern, central, and western cities will
reach similar coordination stages​.
>This study distinguishes itself by
focusing on Lokoja’s transportation >It highlights that Lokoja’s prime geographical
systems over a long historical period position at the confluence of the Niger and Benue
(1854 to 1991) and its impact on rivers has historically made it a transportation hub.
urbanization. The research spans the The development of transportation, especially
colonial and post-colonial periods, roads and river systems, significantly impacted the
examining both road and water transport town's economic growth and urbanization​.
infrastructure​.

>This study is the first to revisit the

dynamic relationship between urbanization
>It finds that in the short term, transportation
and transportation infrastructure using
infrastructure attracts rural populations to urban
wavelet analysis in both time and
areas, promoting urbanization. While in the long
frequency domains.The method provides a
term, urbanization leads to higher demand for
non-linear analysis, which reveals
transportation infrastructure, enhancing
structural changes and dynamic interaction
transportation networks​.
between the variables that were previously
unexplored.​
 NOTES
BENEFITS

>It emphasizes the

importance of policy support
>Improved land allocation can
for regional integration and
enhance transportation efficiency,
sustainable land use. It also
reduce congestion, and support
highlights the need for
sustainable economic growth in
ongoing adaptation in
urban regions. This approach also
planning to address changes
promotes better integration of
in economic and population
economic, social, and
trends, recommending that
environmental goals, leading to
future research refine long-
more resilient urban development.
term forecasting methods for
transportation land demand.
>The study provides evidence that
sustainable economic growth in G-
20 countries depends on the co- >It highlights G-20 countries'
development of urbanization, ICT economic growth depends
infrastructure, and transportation heavily on co-developing
systems. With that, policymakers policies for urbanization,
can design urbanization policies transportation, and ICT
that integrate infrastructure infrastructure.
development to ensure long-term
economic benefits.
>Smart mobility offers numerous
benefits, such as decreased traffic
>It highlights the need for
congestion, reduced carbon
secure data-sharing
emissions, and enhanced
frameworks and public
accessibility for urban residents. By
engagement platforms to
focusing on integrated
protect user privacy and
transportation systems, cities can
gather citizen feedback. A
ensure more reliable and efficient
balanced approach to
mobility, thus improving quality of
governance is recommended,
life for residents. Moreover, smart
where governments support
mobility initiatives foster economic
rather than dominate smart
growth through job creation in tech
mobility partnerships,
and infrastructure sectors, while
fostering sustainable urban
promoting green urban
growth.
development and public
engagement in urban planning.
>The adoption of AVs offers
multiple benefits for cities,
including reduced congestion,
improved road safety, and better air
>It emphasizes the
quality, which collectively enhance
importance of policies, safety
the quality of life in urban. With
standards, public trust, and
optimized land use, cities could
technological advances to
repurpose parking spaces for public
ensure successful AV
amenities, green spaces, or mixed-
integration. It also suggests a
use developments. Furthermore,
future focus on ethical, legal,
AVs have the potential to make
and long-term urban planning
urban transportation more
impacts of AVs.
accessible and equitable, especially
if paired with policies to ensure all
demographic groups can benefit
from the technology.
 >It underscores the
importance of ethical and
>It enhances urban mobility, regulatory frameworks,
promotes environmental especially concerning data
sustainability, and improves public privacy and security.
safety through AI-optimized traffic Successful implementation
flow and predictive maintenance. It requires collaboration among
also fosters community government agencies, tech
involvement and trust in AI firms, and communities, with
applications. periodic updates to address
emerging technologies and
local needs.

>It offers practical insights into >It emphasizes public-private

how cities can achieve sustainable partnerships as critical for
urban development by addressing financing infrastructure
the challenges of infrastructure, projects. It also highlights the
social inequality, and environmental need for community
impacts. By adopting integrated participation and inclusive
strategies, cities can balance growth policies to ensure equitable
with sustainability. urban development​.
> The rural areas benefit the most
from transportation, as highways
help to distribute agricultural
products, enhance employment, and
contribute to social stability​.The
study also provides policy >It highlights the importance
recommendations to improve of sustainable, green
transportation systems in various transportation strategies to
regions, advocating for regional support the long-term growth
transportation planning that aligns of small towns and ensure
with local urbanization needs.This harmonious development
promotes multimodal transport with the environment​.
solutions and supports the
development of small towns,
ensuring balanced urban-rural
growth and integration into larger
economic systems.​

>It provides a theoretical basis for

effective policy-making aimed at
achieving balanced development
>It highlights the importance
between urbanization and
of regional policy support to
sustainable transportation. It
address the imbalances
highlights areas where sustainable
between different areas of
transportation is lagging behind
China​.
urbanization and emphasizes the
importance of coordinated
infrastructure development​.
>Improving transportation systems
will help to meet the demands of >Lokoja's transportation and
Lokoja's expanding population and urban growth were shaped by
economy. It emphasizes that better its strategic location as a
transport infrastructure will major communication point
promote continued economic between northern and
growth and improve the quality of southern Nigeria​.
life for residents​

>The study offers insights for

transportation planning and urban
development policies. It gives the
government an idea that they should
invest in comprehensive >It highlights the need for
transportation systems to support strategic transportation
long-term urbanization. And also, planning to accommodate
understanding the lag-lead both immediate and future
relationship between transportation urbanization demands​.
and urbanization can help
policymakers balance infrastructure
investment and urban growth
strategies​.