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MECH.222 Lesson 5 Torque and Thermal Stress

This document covers the mechanics of deformable bodies, focusing on torsion and thermal stresses. It explains key concepts such as torque, shear stress, polar moment of inertia, and provides sample problems related to torsion and thermal stress calculations. The document also includes formulas for angle of twist and thermal deformation due to temperature changes.

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James Soriano
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9 views13 pages

MECH.222 Lesson 5 Torque and Thermal Stress

This document covers the mechanics of deformable bodies, focusing on torsion and thermal stresses. It explains key concepts such as torque, shear stress, polar moment of inertia, and provides sample problems related to torsion and thermal stress calculations. The document also includes formulas for angle of twist and thermal deformation due to temperature changes.

Uploaded by

James Soriano
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MECHANICS OF DEFORMABLE BODIES

MECH 222
Lesson #5
TORSION, THERMAL STRES

MECH222- MECHANICS OF DEFORMABLE BODIES


TORQUE -is the measure of the force that can cause an object to rotate about an axis.

MECH222- MECHANICS OF DEFORMABLE BODIES


TORQUE
- is the measure of the force that can cause an object to rotate about an axis.
𝜏 = 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠
𝑇𝜌
𝜏= 𝜌 = 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑓𝑡
𝐽 𝐽 = 𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑎

𝑇𝑟 𝜏𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠


𝜏𝑚𝑎𝑥 = r = 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑓𝑡
𝐽
𝐽 = 𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑎

Note:
𝐽𝑜 = 𝐼𝑋 + 𝐼𝑦

MECH222- MECHANICS OF DEFORMABLE BODIES


Moment of Inertia

MECH222- MECHANICS OF DEFORMABLE BODIES


Polar Moment of Inertia
𝐽𝑜 = 𝐼𝑋 + 𝐼𝑦

MECH222- MECHANICS OF DEFORMABLE BODIES


Angle of Twist

𝜃 = 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑡
𝑇𝐿 𝐿 = 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑓𝑡
𝜃= 𝐽 = 𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑎
𝐽𝐺 𝑁
𝐺 = 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑢𝑠 ( 2 )
𝑚

Torsional Stiffness
𝑇 𝐽𝐺
=
𝜃 𝐿

MECH222- MECHANICS OF DEFORMABLE BODIES


SAMPLE PROBLEM # 1 TORSION PROBLEM

A cantilever hollow circular bar is 1.50m long, 5mm thick and width outside diameter of 75
mm. It is subjected to a torque of 3 kN-m at its free end. What is the resulting angle of
twist of the bar? Use shear modulus of elasticity of 78,000 Mpa.

MECH222- MECHANICS OF DEFORMABLE BODIES


SAMPLE PROBLEM # 2 TORSION PROBLEM
A solid steel post is subjected to pure torsion.
Given:
Post diameter = 75 mm
Length = 2.5 m
Shear modulus of elasticity =78 GPa

Requirement:
1. Find the torsional rigidity
2. Find the torsional stiffness of the post.
3. Determine the maximum shear stress in the post if it is subjected to 540 N-m.

MECH222- MECHANICS OF DEFORMABLE BODIES


SAMPLE PROBLEM # 3 TORSION PROBLEM
A solid steel shaft 60 mm in diameter is subjected to torque are shown in the figure. The modulus of rigidity in the steel G= 83 GPa.

Requirement:
1. Find the reaction at the rigid support
2. Which of the following gives the maximum torsional stress in the shaft.
3. Compute the angle of twist in the shaft.

MECH222- MECHANICS OF DEFORMABLE BODIES


THERMAL STRESSES
Temperature changes cause the body to expand or contract.

𝛿𝑇 = 𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒


𝛿𝑇 = 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑇𝑓 = 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒
𝑇𝑖 = 𝐼𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒
𝑚
𝛼 = 11.25 𝑥 10−6 𝑚℃ ( if not given in the problem )

TEMPERATURE DEFORMATION
𝜹𝑻 = 𝜶𝑳∆𝑻
𝜹𝑻 = 𝜶𝑳(𝑻𝒇 − 𝑻𝒊 )
THERMAL STRESS
𝝈𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒍 = 𝑬𝜶∆𝑻

MECH222- MECHANICS OF DEFORMABLE BODIES


SAMPLE PROBLEM # 4 THERMAL STRESS

A steel rod with a cross-sectional area of 0.25 𝑖𝑛2 is stretched between two fixed points. The tensile load at
70°F is 1200 lb.

1. What will be the stress at 0°F?


2. At what temperature will the stress be zero?

Assume α = 6.5 × 10-6 in/(in·°F) and E = 29 × 106 psi.

MECH222- MECHANICS OF DEFORMABLE BODIES


SAMPLE PROBLEM # 5 THERMAL STRESS

Steel railroad reels 10 m long are laid with a clearance of 3 mm at a temperature of 15°C.

1. At what temperature will the rails just touch?


2. What stress would be induced in the rails at that temperature if there were no initial
clearance?

Assume α = 11.7 µm/(m·°C) and E = 200 GPa.

MECH222- MECHANICS OF DEFORMABLE BODIES


SAMPLE PROBLEM # 6 THERMAL STRESS

A bronze bar 3 m long with a cross sectional area of 320 𝑚𝑚2 is placed between two rigid walls as shown in fig. At a
temperature of -20°C, the gap Δ = 2.5 mm.

Find the temperature at which the compressive stress in the bar will be 35 MPa.

Use α = 18.0 × 10-6 m/(m·°C) and E = 80 GPa.

MECH222- MECHANICS OF DEFORMABLE BODIES

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