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Exercise 2

The document outlines various methods for preparing hydrogen using zinc with different reactants (acid, alkali, water) and provides chemical equations for each. It discusses the laboratory preparation of hydrogen, including materials, collection methods, and purification of the gas from impurities. Additionally, it addresses the reactivity of metals with acids and their reactions with water, along with specific reasons for using certain materials and methods in hydrogen preparation.

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26 views5 pages

Exercise 2

The document outlines various methods for preparing hydrogen using zinc with different reactants (acid, alkali, water) and provides chemical equations for each. It discusses the laboratory preparation of hydrogen, including materials, collection methods, and purification of the gas from impurities. Additionally, it addresses the reactivity of metals with acids and their reactions with water, along with specific reasons for using certain materials and methods in hydrogen preparation.

Uploaded by

bisuarnab
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Exercise 6(B)

Q1.Hydrogen can be prepared with the metal zinc by using


(i) acid
(ii) alkali
(iii) water
Give an equation in each case.
Ans-(i) Zn + 2HCl ⟶ ZnCl2 (dil.) + H2 ↑
(ii) Zn + 2NaOH ⟶ Na2ZnO2 + H2 ↑
(iii) Zn + H2O ⟶ ZnO + H2 ↑
Q2.For laboratory preparation of hydrogen, give the following
(a) materials used
(b) method of collection
(c) chemical equation
(d) fully labelled diagram.
Ans-(a) Granulated zinc, dilute hydrochloric acid or dil. sulphuric acid.
(b) It is collected by the downward displacement of water.
(c) Zn + 2HCl ⟶ ZnCl2 + H2 ↑
(d) Labelled diagram of laboratory preparation of hydrogen:

Q3(a) Name the impurities present in hydrogen prepared in the laboratory.


(b) How can these impurities be removed?
Ans-(a) Impurities present are:
1. Hydrogen sulphide (H2S)
2. Sulphur dioxide (SO2)
3. Oxides of nitrogen
4. Phosphine (PH3)
5. Arsine (AsH3)
6. Carbon dioxide and
7. Water vapour

(b) The impurities can be removed from hydrogen by passing it through:

1. Silver nitrate solution [to remove arsine and phosphine].


AsH3 + 6AgNO3 ⟶ Ag3As + 3AgNO3 + 3HNO3
PH3 + 6AgNO3 ⟶ Ag3P + 3AgNO3 + 3HNO3
2. Lead nitrate solution [to remove hydrogen sulphide].
Pb(NO3)2 + H2S ⟶ PbS + 2HNO3
3. Caustic potash solution [to remove sulphur dioxide, carbon dioxide
and oxides of nitrogen].
SO2 + 2KOH ⟶ K2SO3 + H2O
CO2 + 2KOH ⟶ K2CO3 + H2O
2NO2 + 2KOH ⟶ KNO2 + KNO3 + H2O
4. A drying agent used to dry the gas. Common drying agents such as
fused calcium chloride, caustic potash stick and phosphorus
pentoxide remove water vapour.

Thus, the gas is purified and dried and then collected over mercury because
mercury has no reaction with it.
Q4.Which test should be made before collecting hydrogen in a gas jar?
Ans-Before collecting hydrogen in a gas jar, you should test it with a
burning splint to confirm that it is hydrogen gas.
Q5.Why is nitric acid not used in the preparation of hydrogen?
Ans-As nitric acid is a powerful oxidizing agent, and the oxygen formed
due to its decomposition oxidizes the hydrogen to give water thus defeating
the purpose of the reaction. Hence, Nitric acid is not used in the preparation
of hydrogen.
3Zn + 8HNO3 ⟶ 3Zn(NO3)2 + 4H2O + 2NO ↑
Q6.Why is hot concentrated sulphuric acid not used in the preparation of
hydrogen?
Ans-Hot concentrated sulphuric acid is not used in the preparation of
hydrogen as it is a strong oxidizer and will produce sulphur dioxide.
Zn + 2H2SO4 ⟶ ZnSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O
Q7.Hydrogen is manufactured by 'Bosch Process'.
(a) Give the equations with conditions.
(b) How can you obtain hydrogen from a mixture of Hydrogen and carbon
monoxide?
Ans-(a) Steam is passed over hot coke (1000°C) in furnaces of a special
design, called converters, giving water gas.
Chot coke+H2Osteam→1000°C[CO+H2]water gas−Δhot cokeC+steamH2
O1000°Cwater gas[CO+H2]−Δ
The reaction is endothermic.
(b) Water gas i.e., hydrogen and carbon monoxide is mixed with excess
steam and passed over heated ferric oxide, which acts as a catalyst and
chromic oxide Cr2O3 which acts as a promoter.
[CO+H2]water gas+H2Osteam→450°CFe2O3CO2+2H2+Δwater gas[C
O+H2]+steamH2OFe2O3450°CCO2+2H2+Δ
Q8.Give equations to express the reaction between:
(a) steam and red hot iron
(b) calcium and water
Ans-(a) 3Fe + 4H2O ⇌ Fe3O4 + 4H2 ↑
(b) Ca + 2H2O ⟶ Ca(OH)2 + H2 ↑
Q9.A small piece of calcium metal is put into a small trough containing
water. There is effervescence and white turbidity is formed.
(a) Name the gas formed in the reaction. How would you test the gas?
(b) Write an equation for the reaction.
(c) What do you observe when a few drops of red litmus solution are
added to the turbid solution?
Ans-(a) Hydrogen gas.
It burns silently in air or oxygen with a pale blue flame, forming water.
2H2 + O2 ⟶ 2H2O
When it is premixed with air or oxygen, it explodes with a pop sound.
(b) Ca + 2H2O ⟶ Ca(OH)2 + H2 ↑
(c) The solution turns blue.
Q10.Thin strips of magnesium, copper and iron are taken.
(a) Write down what happens when these metals are treated as follows
(i) Heated in presence of air
(ii) Heated with dil. HCl
(iii) Added to an aqueous solution of zinc sulphate
(b) Arrange these metals in descending order of reactivity.
Ans-(a) (i) When we heat magnesium, copper and iron in presence of air
they form respective oxides.
(ii) Magnesium and iron react with HCl liberating hydrogen and forming
their respective salts.
Mg + 2HCl ⟶ MgCl2 + H2 ↑
Fe + 2HCl ⟶ FeCl2 + H2 ↑
As Cu is below hydrogen in metal reactivity series, hence, it cannot displace
hydrogen from acid and so no reaction takes place.
Cu + HCl (dil) ⟶ no reaction
(iii) Magnesium will displace zinc from zinc sulphate solution as
magnesium is more reactive than zinc and is placed above zinc in the
reactivity series of metals.
Mg + ZnSO4 ⟶ MgSO4 + Zn
Copper and iron are less reactive and are placed below zinc in the reactivity
series, hence will not displace it and no reaction will take place.
(b) Mg > Fe > Cu
Q12.Give the reason for the following
(a) Zinc granules are used in the lab preparation of hydrogen.
(b) Purified and dried hydrogen is collected over mercury.
(c) The end of the thistle funnel should be dipped under acid.
(d) Dilute sulpahuric acid cannot be replaced by concentrated acid in the
preparation of hydrogen.
Ans-(a) Granulated zinc contains traces of impurities like copper, which
has a slight catalyzing effect on the reaction and speeds it up. Hence,
granulated zinc is preferred in the lab preparation of hydrogen over pure
zinc.
(b) Hydrogen gas is purified and dried and then collected over mercury
because mercury has no reaction with it.
(c) The end of the thistle funnel should be dipped under acid so as to
prevent gas from escaping the thistle funnel.
(d) Dilute Sulphuric acid cannot be replaced by concentrated acid in the
preparation of hydrogen as it is a strong oxidiser and it will produce
sulphur dioxide.
Zn + 2H2SO4 ⟶ ZnSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O

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