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Week 5 Differentiation Rules (1)

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6 views

Week 5 Differentiation Rules (1)

Uploaded by

patpatj06
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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The Differentiation Rules

and
Examples Involving Algebraic,
Exponential,
and
Trigonometric Functions
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
At the end of the lesson, the learner shall be able to:
1. Determine the relationship between differentiability and continuity;
2. Derive the differentiation rules; and
3. Apply the differentiation rules in computing the derivatives of
algebraic, exponential, and trigonometric functions.
LESSON OUTLINE:

1. Definitions on continuity and differentiability


2. Relationship between differentiability and continuity
3. Sample exercises on the relationship between differentiability
and continuity
4. Derivation of the different differentiation rules
5. Examples on the different differentiation rules
6. Applications
INTRODUCTION

The difference between continuity and differentiability is a critical


issue. Most, but not all, of the functions we encounter in calculus will be
differentiable over their entire domain. Before we can confidently apply
the rules regarding derivatives, we need to be able to recognize the
exceptions to the rule.
Recall the following definitions:
Definition 1 (Continuity at a Number). A function f is continuous at a
number c if all of the following conditions are satisfied:

If at least one of the these conditions is not satisfied, the function is


said to be 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑜𝑢𝑠 at c.
Definition 2 (Continuity on R). A function f is said to be continuous
everywhere if 𝑓 is continuous at every real number.

Definition 3 A function f is differentiable at the number 𝑐 if exits.


Example 1:
Example 1:
Example 1:
RULE 1: The Constant Rule
If 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒄 where c is a constant, then 𝒇’(𝒙) = 𝟎. The derivative of
a constant is equal to zero

Proof:
RULE 2: The Power Rule
RULE 2: The Power Rule

Solution. In some cases, the laws of exponents must be used to rewrite an


expression before applying the power rule. Thus, we first write

before we apply the Power Rule. We have:


RULE 2: The Power Rule
RULE 3: The Constant Multiple Rule

If 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒌 𝒉(𝒙) where k is a constant, then 𝒇’(𝒙) = 𝒌 𝒉’(𝒙).

EXAMPLE 3:
Find the derivatives of the following functions.
RULE 4: The Sum Rule
If 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒈(𝒙) + 𝒉(𝒙) where g and h are differentiable functions,
then 𝒇’(𝒙) = 𝒈’(𝒙) + 𝒉’(𝒙).

EXAMPLE 4: Given the following functions

4.1 Differentiate the following:

4.2 Use Rule 3 and 4 to differentiate the following:


RULE 4: The Sum Rule
Solution. (a) Copying the derivatives in the solution of
Example (3), and substituting them into the formula
of the Sum Rule, we obtain

(b) Using Rules 3 and 4, we deduce that the derivative of


f(x) -g(x) is equal to the difference of their derivatives:
f’(x) – g’(x). Therefore we obtain
RULE 5: The Product Rule
If f and g are differentiable functions, then

Rule 5 states that the derivative of the product of two


differentiable functions is the first function times the
derivative of the second function plus the second function
times the derivative of the first function.
RULE 5: The Product Rule
The derivative of the product is NOT the product of their
derivatives! Indeed, if f(x) = x and g(x) = x², then

However,

Clearly, 3x² ≠ 2x, and therefore


EXAMPLE 5:

Solution.

Remark 3: In the above example, we could have also multiplied the


two factors and get

Then, by the Rules 2,3 and 4, the derivative of f is

which is consistent with the one derived from using the product rule.
EXAMPLE 5:

Solution.
RULE 6: The Quotient Rule
Let f(x) and g(x) be two differentiable functions with g(x) ≠ 0.
Then:

The rule above states that the derivative of the quotient of


two functions is the fraction having as its denominator the
square of the original denominator, and as its numerator
the denominator times the derivative of the numerator minus
the numerator times the derivative of the denominator
EXAMPLE 6:

Solution.

Thus,
EXAMPLE 6:

Solution:
RULE 7: Derivatives of trigonometric functions

EXAMPLE 7: Differentiate the following functions:


RULE 7: Derivatives of trigonometric functions

Solutions:
RULE 7: Derivatives of trigonometric functions

Remarks:

(a) Whenever Rule 7 is applied to problems where the


trigonometric functions are viewed as functions of
angles, the unit measure must be in radians.

(b) Every trigonometric function is differentiable on its


domain. In particular, the sine and cosine functions are
everywhere differentiable.
RULE 8: Derivative of an exponential function

Proof. Using the definition of the derivative,

Using a law of exponent,


EXAMPLE 8:

Solution. Applying Rule 5 to the first two terms and


Rule 3 to the third term, we have
We obtain

Remark : Since the domain of the exponential function is the set of real
numbers, and it follows that the exponential function
is differentiable everywhere.

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