gapdata004 v6
gapdata004 v6
Contains data, including modelled data (rough guesses), and meta-data for the indicator "Life expectancy at birth" for coun
territories in Gapminder World. This file will be updated whenever we receive additional information, as well as when we u
in Gapminder World.
For information about each country and year, go to the tab "Data, sources and metadata" in th
To see this data in animated graphics, go to:
Definition:
Documented by:
For more information go to the full documentation:
Version:
Present version uploaded:
Author:
Mail:
Published by:
Revisions:
2013 -- 07 -- 23
2012 -- 09 -- 05
11/10/2011
7/13/2010
y and year, go to the tab "Data, sources and metadata" in this file.
www.gapminder.org/world
The average number of years a newborn child would live if current mortality patterns
were to stay the same.
Gapminder documentation 004
http://www.gapminder.org/gapminder-world/documentation/gd004
6
2013 -- 07 -- 23
birth for countries and territories stretches over 200 years and contains:
m different sources (see section 3 of the documentation)
tructed, simple model for showing approximate levels and changes in historical life expectancy
on)
How to get the most of this file:
This dataset is using the option "filter". This means that for each column of the dataset, you can choose what to show and
what not to show. If, for instance, you only want to see the year 1950 for all countries, you go to the column "years", click
the arrow next to the heading, unmark "Select all" and choose 1950. Similarly, you can choose to only see data for specific
sources, quality levels, countries or continents. You can combine several filters at the same time.
NOTE: the data is still there, even if you do not see it. You can copy and paste the visible data into a new spreadsheet, to
remove the "invisible" data.
We discourage the use of this dataset for statistical analyses. If you, however, still want to use it for this purpose, we
suggest that you filter out all the data with the source "GM model" or "[…] extrapolation" or "[…] interpolation".
Currently, the dataset is set to only show years with data. If you want to see "empty" years, click the arrow next to the
heading "Life expectancy at birth" and select "Select all"
Some notes are longer than cell size. When a text is longer than a cell, double-click the cell to see the full text.
Year Area Life Life Our source (see next tab for explanations)
expectanc expectanc
y at birth y at birth -
with
interpolati
ons
1801 Benin 31
1802 Benin 31
1803 Benin 31
1804 Benin 31
1805 Benin 31
1806 Benin 31
1807 Benin 31
1808 Benin 31
1809 Benin 31
1810 Benin 31
1811 Benin 31
1812 Benin 31
1813 Benin 31
1814 Benin 31
1815 Benin 31
1816 Benin 31
1817 Benin 31
1818 Benin 31
1819 Benin 31
1820 Benin 31
1821 Benin 31
1822 Benin 31
1823 Benin 31
1824 Benin 31
1825 Benin 31
1826 Benin 31
1827 Benin 31
1828 Benin 31
1829 Benin 31
1830 Benin 31
1831 Benin 31
1832 Benin 31
1833 Benin 31
1834 Benin 31
1835 Benin 31
1836 Benin 31
1837 Benin 31
1838 Benin 31
1839 Benin 31
1840 Benin 31
1841 Benin 31
1842 Benin 31
1843 Benin 31
1844 Benin 31
1845 Benin 31
1846 Benin 31
1847 Benin 31
1848 Benin 31
1849 Benin 31
1850 Benin 31
1851 Benin 31
1852 Benin 31
1853 Benin 31
1854 Benin 31
1855 Benin 31
1856 Benin 31
1857 Benin 31
1858 Benin 31
1859 Benin 31
1860 Benin 31
1861 Benin 31
1862 Benin 31
1863 Benin 31
1864 Benin 31
1865 Benin 31
1866 Benin 31
1867 Benin 31
1868 Benin 31
1869 Benin 31
1870 Benin 31
1871 Benin 31
1872 Benin 31
1873 Benin 31
1874 Benin 31
1875 Benin 31
1876 Benin 31
1877 Benin 31
1878 Benin 31
1879 Benin 31
1880 Benin 31
1881 Benin 31
1882 Benin 31
1883 Benin 31
1884 Benin 31
1885 Benin 31
1886 Benin 31
1887 Benin 31
1888 Benin 31
1889 Benin 31
1890 Benin 31
1891 Benin 31
1892 Benin 31
1893 Benin 31
1894 Benin 31
1895 Benin 31
1896 Benin 31
1897 Benin 31
1898 Benin 31
1899 Benin 31
1900 Benin 31
1901 Benin 31
1902 Benin 31
1903 Benin 31
1904 Benin 31
1905 Benin 31
1906 Benin 31
1907 Benin 31
1908 Benin 31
1909 Benin 31
1910 Benin 31
1911 Benin 31
1912 Benin 31
1913 Benin 31
1914 Benin 31
1915 Benin 31
1916 Benin 31
1917 Benin 31
1918 Benin 31
1919 Benin 31
1920 Benin 31
1921 Benin 31
1922 Benin 31
1923 Benin 31
1924 Benin 31
1925 Benin 31
1926 Benin 31
1927 Benin 31
1928 Benin 31
1929 Benin 31
1930 Benin 31
1931 Benin 31
1932 Benin 31
1933 Benin 31
1934 Benin 31
1935 Benin 31
1936 Benin 31
1937 Benin 31
1938 Benin 31
1939 Benin 31
1940 Benin 31
1941 Benin 31
1942 Benin 31
1943 Benin 31
1944 Benin 31 31 Gapminder model - continent average
1851 China 31
1852 China 30
1853 China 29
1854 China 28
1855 China 27
1856 China 26 26 Gapminder guesstimate
1872 China 32
1873 China 32
1874 China 32
1875 China 32
1876 China 32
1877 China 32
1878 China 32
1879 China 32
1880 China 32
1881 China 32
1882 China 32
1883 China 32
1884 China 32
1885 China 32
1886 China 32
1887 China 32
1888 China 32
1889 China 32
1890 China 32
1891 China 32
1892 China 32
1893 China 32
1894 China 32
1895 China 32
1896 China 32
1897 China 32
1898 China 32
1899 China 32
1900 China 32
1901 China 32
1902 China 32
1903 China 32
1904 China 32
1905 China 32
1906 China 32
1907 China 32
1908 China 32
1909 China 32
1910 China 32
1911 China 32
1912 China 32
1913 China 32
1914 China 32
1915 China 32
1916 China 32
1917 China 32
1918 China 32
1919 China 32
1920 China 32
1921 China 32
1922 China 32
1923 China 32
1924 China 32 32 Gapminder model - extrapolation from
earliest available levels
1925 China 32
1926 China 32
1927 China 32
1928 China 32
1929 China 32
1930 China 32 32 Riley file
1922 Ghana 28
1923 Ghana 28
1924 Ghana 28
1925 Ghana 28 28 Gapminder model - extrapolation from
earliest available levels
1926 Ghana 28.52488
1927 Ghana 29.04976
1928 Ghana 29.57464
1929 Ghana 30.09952
1930 Ghana 30.6244
1931 Ghana 31.14928
1932 Ghana 31.67416
1933 Ghana 32.19904
1934 Ghana 32.72392
1935 Ghana 33.2488
1936 Ghana 33.77368
1937 Ghana 34.29856
1938 Ghana 34.82344
1939 Ghana 35.34832
1940 Ghana 35.8732
1941 Ghana 36.39808
1942 Ghana 36.92296
1943 Ghana 37.44784
1944 Ghana 37.97272
1945 Ghana 38.4976
1946 Ghana 39.02248
1947 Ghana 39.54736
1948 Ghana 40.07224
1949 Ghana 40.59712
1950 Ghana 41.122 41.122 WPP (2012)
1951 Ghana 41.388 41.388 WPP (2012)
1952 Ghana 41.917 41.917 WPP (2012)
1953 Ghana 42.438 42.438 WPP (2012)
1954 Ghana 42.952 42.952 WPP (2012)
1955 Ghana 43.458 43.458 WPP (2012)
1956 Ghana 43.956 43.956 WPP (2012)
1957 Ghana 44.445 44.445 WPP (2012)
1958 Ghana 44.924 44.924 WPP (2012)
1959 Ghana 45.391 45.391 WPP (2012)
1960 Ghana 45.844 45.844 WPP (2012)
1961 Ghana 46.28 46.28 WPP (2012)
1962 Ghana 46.697 46.697 WPP (2012)
1963 Ghana 47.094 47.094 WPP (2012)
1964 Ghana 47.47 47.47 WPP (2012)
1965 Ghana 47.824 47.824 WPP (2012)
1966 Ghana 48.156 48.156 WPP (2012)
1967 Ghana 48.469 48.469 WPP (2012)
1968 Ghana 48.768 48.768 WPP (2012)
1969 Ghana 49.056 49.056 WPP (2012)
1970 Ghana 49.339 49.339 WPP (2012)
1971 Ghana 49.623 49.623 WPP (2012)
1972 Ghana 49.911 49.911 WPP (2012)
1973 Ghana 50.204 50.204 WPP (2012)
1974 Ghana 50.505 50.505 WPP (2012)
1975 Ghana 50.809 50.809 WPP (2012)
1976 Ghana 51.11 51.11 WPP (2012)
1977 Ghana 51.405 51.405 WPP (2012)
1978 Ghana 51.693 51.693 WPP (2012)
1979 Ghana 51.977 51.977 WPP (2012)
1980 Ghana 52.268 52.268 WPP (2012)
1981 Ghana 52.575 52.575 WPP (2012)
1982 Ghana 52.907 52.907 WPP (2012)
1983 Ghana 53.272 53.272 WPP (2012)
1984 Ghana 53.67 53.67 WPP (2012)
1985 Ghana 54.111 54.111 WPP (2012)
1986 Ghana 54.605 54.605 WPP (2012)
1987 Ghana 55.14 55.14 WPP (2012)
1988 Ghana 55.697 55.697 WPP (2012)
1989 Ghana 56.251 56.251 WPP (2012)
1990 Ghana 56.755 56.755 WPP (2012)
1991 Ghana 57.16 57.16 WPP (2012)
1992 Ghana 57.439 57.439 WPP (2012)
1993 Ghana 57.583 57.583 WPP (2012)
1994 Ghana 57.598 57.598 WPP (2012)
1995 Ghana 57.507 57.507 WPP (2012)
1996 Ghana 57.347 57.347 WPP (2012)
1997 Ghana 57.171 57.171 WPP (2012)
1998 Ghana 57.032 57.032 WPP (2012)
1999 Ghana 56.962 56.962 WPP (2012)
2000 Ghana 56.996 56.996 WPP (2012)
2001 Ghana 57.157 57.157 WPP (2012)
2002 Ghana 57.431 57.431 WPP (2012)
2003 Ghana 57.797 57.797 WPP (2012)
2004 Ghana 58.237 58.237 WPP (2012)
2005 Ghana 58.718 58.718 WPP (2012)
2006 Ghana 59.203 59.203 WPP (2012)
2007 Ghana 59.656 59.656 WPP (2012)
2008 Ghana 60.051 60.051 WPP (2012)
2009 Ghana 60.375 60.375 WPP (2012)
2010 Ghana 60.626 60.626 WPP (2012)
2011 Ghana 60.818 60.818 WPP (2012)
2012 Ghana 60.979 60.979 WPP (2012)
2013 Ghana 61.132 61.132 WPP (2012)
2014 Ghana 61.289 61.289 WPP (2012)
2015 Ghana 61.453 61.453 WPP (2012)
2016 Ghana 61.625 61.625 WPP (2012)
2017 Ghana 61.8 61.8 WPP (2012)
2018 Ghana 61.973 61.973 WPP (2012)
2019 Ghana 62.143 62.143 WPP (2012)
2020 Ghana 62.31 62.31 WPP (2012)
2021 Ghana 62.475 62.475 WPP (2012)
2022 Ghana 62.637 62.637 WPP (2012)
2023 Ghana 62.796 62.796 WPP (2012)
2024 Ghana 62.952 62.952 WPP (2012)
2025 Ghana 63.106 63.106 WPP (2012)
2026 Ghana 63.258 63.258 WPP (2012)
2027 Ghana 63.408 63.408 WPP (2012)
2028 Ghana 63.557 63.557 WPP (2012)
2029 Ghana 63.704 63.704 WPP (2012)
2030 Ghana 63.85 63.85 WPP (2012)
2031 Ghana 63.994 63.994 WPP (2012)
2032 Ghana 64.136 64.136 WPP (2012)
2033 Ghana 64.276 64.276 WPP (2012)
2034 Ghana 64.413 64.413 WPP (2012)
2035 Ghana 64.549 64.549 WPP (2012)
2036 Ghana 64.682 64.682 WPP (2012)
2037 Ghana 64.814 64.814 WPP (2012)
2038 Ghana 64.944 64.944 WPP (2012)
2039 Ghana 65.072 65.072 WPP (2012)
2040 Ghana 65.199 65.199 WPP (2012)
2041 Ghana 65.325 65.325 WPP (2012)
2042 Ghana 65.449 65.449 WPP (2012)
2043 Ghana 65.573 65.573 WPP (2012)
2044 Ghana 65.695 65.695 WPP (2012)
2045 Ghana 65.816 65.816 WPP (2012)
2046 Ghana 65.937 65.937 WPP (2012)
2047 Ghana 66.058 66.058 WPP (2012)
2048 Ghana 66.179 66.179 WPP (2012)
2049 Ghana 66.3 66.3 WPP (2012)
2050 Ghana 66.421 66.421 WPP (2012)
2051 Ghana 66.54 66.54 WPP (2012)
2052 Ghana 66.659 66.659 WPP (2012)
2053 Ghana 66.776 66.776 WPP (2012)
2054 Ghana 66.892 66.892 WPP (2012)
2055 Ghana 67.006 67.006 WPP (2012)
2056 Ghana 67.119 67.119 WPP (2012)
2057 Ghana 67.232 67.232 WPP (2012)
2058 Ghana 67.344 67.344 WPP (2012)
2059 Ghana 67.455 67.455 WPP (2012)
2060 Ghana 67.567 67.567 WPP (2012)
2061 Ghana 67.678 67.678 WPP (2012)
2062 Ghana 67.789 67.789 WPP (2012)
2063 Ghana 67.899 67.899 WPP (2012)
2064 Ghana 68.008 68.008 WPP (2012)
2065 Ghana 68.117 68.117 WPP (2012)
2066 Ghana 68.225 68.225 WPP (2012)
2067 Ghana 68.334 68.334 WPP (2012)
2068 Ghana 68.442 68.442 WPP (2012)
2069 Ghana 68.55 68.55 WPP (2012)
2070 Ghana 68.658 68.658 WPP (2012)
2071 Ghana 68.766 68.766 WPP (2012)
2072 Ghana 68.874 68.874 WPP (2012)
2073 Ghana 68.981 68.981 WPP (2012)
2074 Ghana 69.089 69.089 WPP (2012)
2075 Ghana 69.196 69.196 WPP (2012)
2076 Ghana 69.303 69.303 WPP (2012)
2077 Ghana 69.41 69.41 WPP (2012)
2078 Ghana 69.518 69.518 WPP (2012)
2079 Ghana 69.625 69.625 WPP (2012)
2080 Ghana 69.732 69.732 WPP (2012)
2081 Ghana 69.839 69.839 WPP (2012)
2082 Ghana 69.946 69.946 WPP (2012)
2083 Ghana 70.052 70.052 WPP (2012)
2084 Ghana 70.158 70.158 WPP (2012)
2085 Ghana 70.263 70.263 WPP (2012)
2086 Ghana 70.368 70.368 WPP (2012)
2087 Ghana 70.473 70.473 WPP (2012)
2088 Ghana 70.577 70.577 WPP (2012)
2089 Ghana 70.681 70.681 WPP (2012)
2090 Ghana 70.785 70.785 WPP (2012)
2091 Ghana 70.889 70.889 WPP (2012)
2092 Ghana 70.993 70.993 WPP (2012)
2093 Ghana 71.097 71.097 WPP (2012)
2094 Ghana 71.2 71.2 WPP (2012)
2095 Ghana 71.303 71.303 WPP (2012)
2096 Ghana 71.406 71.406 WPP (2012)
2097 Ghana 71.508 71.508 WPP (2012)
2098 Ghana 71.61 71.61 WPP (2012)
2099 Ghana 71.712 71.712 WPP (2012)
1800 Greece 36.6 36.6 Gapminder model - extrapolation from
earliest available levels
1801 Greece 36.6
1802 Greece 36.6
1803 Greece 36.6
1804 Greece 36.6
1805 Greece 36.6
1806 Greece 36.6
1807 Greece 36.6
1808 Greece 36.6
1809 Greece 36.6
1810 Greece 36.6
1811 Greece 36.6
1812 Greece 36.6
1813 Greece 36.6
1814 Greece 36.6
1815 Greece 36.6
1816 Greece 36.6
1817 Greece 36.6
1818 Greece 36.6
1819 Greece 36.6
1820 Greece 36.6
1821 Greece 36.6
1822 Greece 36.6
1823 Greece 36.6
1824 Greece 36.6
1825 Greece 36.6
1826 Greece 36.6
1827 Greece 36.6
1828 Greece 36.6
1829 Greece 36.6
1830 Greece 36.6
1831 Greece 36.6
1832 Greece 36.6
1833 Greece 36.6
1834 Greece 36.6
1835 Greece 36.6
1836 Greece 36.6
1837 Greece 36.6
1838 Greece 36.6
1839 Greece 36.6
1840 Greece 36.6
1841 Greece 36.6
1842 Greece 36.6
1843 Greece 36.6
1844 Greece 36.6
1845 Greece 36.6
1846 Greece 36.6
1847 Greece 36.6
1848 Greece 36.6
1849 Greece 36.6
1850 Greece 36.6
1851 Greece 36.6
1852 Greece 36.6
1853 Greece 36.6
1854 Greece 36.6
1855 Greece 36.6
1856 Greece 36.6
1857 Greece 36.6
1858 Greece 36.6
1859 Greece 36.6
1860 Greece 36.6
1861 Greece 36.6
1862 Greece 36.6
1863 Greece 36.6
1864 Greece 36.6
1865 Greece 36.6
1866 Greece 36.6
1867 Greece 36.6
1868 Greece 36.6
1869 Greece 36.6
1870 Greece 36.6
1871 Greece 36.6
1872 Greece 36.6
1873 Greece 36.6
1874 Greece 36.6
1875 Greece 36.6
1876 Greece 36.6
1877 Greece 36.6 36.6 Riley file
1878 Greece 36.7
1879 Greece 36.8
1880 Greece 36.9
1881 Greece 37
1882 Greece 37.1 37.1 Riley file
1883 Greece 37.22
1884 Greece 37.34
1885 Greece 37.46
1886 Greece 37.58
1887 Greece 37.7 37.7 Riley file
1888 Greece 37.86
1889 Greece 38.02
1890 Greece 38.18
1891 Greece 38.34
1892 Greece 38.5 38.5 Riley file
1893 Greece 38.68
1894 Greece 38.86
1895 Greece 39.04
1896 Greece 39.22
1897 Greece 39.4 39.4 Riley file
1898 Greece 39.6
1899 Greece 39.8
1900 Greece 40
1901 Greece 40.2
1902 Greece 40.4 40.4 Riley file
1903 Greece 40.56
1904 Greece 40.72
1905 Greece 40.88
1906 Greece 41.04
1907 Greece 41.2 41.2 Riley file
1908 Greece 41.465532
1909 Greece 41.731065
1910 Greece 41.996597
1911 Greece 42.262129
1912 Greece 42.527662
1913 Greece 42.793194
1914 Greece 43.058726
1915 Greece 43.324258
1916 Greece 43.589791
1917 Greece 43.855323
1918 Greece 44.120855
1919 Greece 44.386388
1920 Greece 44.65192 44.65192 Riley file
1921 Greece 44.92596
1922 Greece 45.2 45.2 Riley file
1923 Greece 45.8
1924 Greece 46.4
1925 Greece 47
1926 Greece 47.6
1927 Greece 48.2 48.2 Riley file
1928 Greece 46.17488 46.17488 Riley file
1929 Greece 49.9684 49.9684 Riley file
1930 Greece 50.1456
1931 Greece 50.3228
1932 Greece 50.5 50.5 Riley file
1933 Greece 50.96
1934 Greece 51.42
1935 Greece 51.88
1936 Greece 52.34
1937 Greece 52.8 52.8 Riley file
1938 Greece 53.311893
1939 Greece 53.823787
1940 Greece 54.33568 54.33568 Riley file
1941 Greece 55.444012
1942 Greece 56.552344
1943 Greece 57.660676
1944 Greece 58.769008
1945 Greece 59.87734
1946 Greece 60.985672
1947 Greece 62.094004
1948 Greece 63.202336
1949 Greece 64.310668
1950 Greece 65.419 65.419 WPP (2012)
1951 Greece 65.477 65.477 WPP (2012)
1952 Greece 65.617 65.617 WPP (2012)
1953 Greece 65.806 65.806 WPP (2012)
1954 Greece 66.043 66.043 WPP (2012)
1955 Greece 66.327 66.327 WPP (2012)
1956 Greece 66.655 66.655 WPP (2012)
1957 Greece 67.023 67.023 WPP (2012)
1958 Greece 67.42 67.42 WPP (2012)
1959 Greece 67.831 67.831 WPP (2012)
1960 Greece 68.237 68.237 WPP (2012)
1961 Greece 68.62 68.62 WPP (2012)
1962 Greece 68.961 68.961 WPP (2012)
1963 Greece 69.252 69.252 WPP (2012)
1964 Greece 69.493 69.493 WPP (2012)
1965 Greece 69.699 69.699 WPP (2012)
1966 Greece 69.895 69.895 WPP (2012)
1967 Greece 70.107 70.107 WPP (2012)
1968 Greece 70.354 70.354 WPP (2012)
1969 Greece 70.638 70.638 WPP (2012)
1970 Greece 70.949 70.949 WPP (2012)
1971 Greece 71.269 71.269 WPP (2012)
1972 Greece 71.576 71.576 WPP (2012)
1973 Greece 71.853 71.853 WPP (2012)
1974 Greece 72.101 72.101 WPP (2012)
1975 Greece 72.329 72.329 WPP (2012)
1976 Greece 72.554 72.554 WPP (2012)
1977 Greece 72.793 72.793 WPP (2012)
1978 Greece 73.059 73.059 WPP (2012)
1979 Greece 73.354 73.354 WPP (2012)
1980 Greece 73.667 73.667 WPP (2012)
1981 Greece 73.985 73.985 WPP (2012)
1982 Greece 74.291 74.291 WPP (2012)
1983 Greece 74.575 74.575 WPP (2012)
1984 Greece 74.837 74.837 WPP (2012)
1985 Greece 75.087 75.087 WPP (2012)
1986 Greece 75.342 75.342 WPP (2012)
1987 Greece 75.619 75.619 WPP (2012)
1988 Greece 75.922 75.922 WPP (2012)
1989 Greece 76.249 76.249 WPP (2012)
1990 Greece 76.584 76.584 WPP (2012)
1991 Greece 76.903 76.903 WPP (2012)
1992 Greece 77.187 77.187 WPP (2012)
1993 Greece 77.423 77.423 WPP (2012)
1994 Greece 77.611 77.611 WPP (2012)
1995 Greece 77.76 77.76 WPP (2012)
1996 Greece 77.889 77.889 WPP (2012)
1997 Greece 78.02 78.02 WPP (2012)
1998 Greece 78.17 78.17 WPP (2012)
1999 Greece 78.342 78.342 WPP (2012)
2000 Greece 78.535 78.535 WPP (2012)
2001 Greece 78.739 78.739 WPP (2012)
2002 Greece 78.937 78.937 WPP (2012)
2003 Greece 79.121 79.121 WPP (2012)
2004 Greece 79.288 79.288 WPP (2012)
2005 Greece 79.442 79.442 WPP (2012)
2006 Greece 79.587 79.587 WPP (2012)
2007 Greece 79.735 79.735 WPP (2012)
2008 Greece 79.89 79.89 WPP (2012)
2009 Greece 80.055 80.055 WPP (2012)
2010 Greece 80.23 80.23 WPP (2012)
2011 Greece 80.411 80.411 WPP (2012)
2012 Greece 80.593 80.593 WPP (2012)
2013 Greece 80.77 80.77 WPP (2012)
2014 Greece 80.943 80.943 WPP (2012)
2015 Greece 81.108 81.108 WPP (2012)
2016 Greece 81.265 81.265 WPP (2012)
2017 Greece 81.417 81.417 WPP (2012)
2018 Greece 81.565 81.565 WPP (2012)
2019 Greece 81.709 81.709 WPP (2012)
2020 Greece 81.85 81.85 WPP (2012)
2021 Greece 81.988 81.988 WPP (2012)
2022 Greece 82.124 82.124 WPP (2012)
2023 Greece 82.259 82.259 WPP (2012)
2024 Greece 82.391 82.391 WPP (2012)
2025 Greece 82.523 82.523 WPP (2012)
2026 Greece 82.653 82.653 WPP (2012)
2027 Greece 82.781 82.781 WPP (2012)
2028 Greece 82.908 82.908 WPP (2012)
2029 Greece 83.033 83.033 WPP (2012)
2030 Greece 83.158 83.158 WPP (2012)
2031 Greece 83.281 83.281 WPP (2012)
2032 Greece 83.405 83.405 WPP (2012)
2033 Greece 83.528 83.528 WPP (2012)
2034 Greece 83.651 83.651 WPP (2012)
2035 Greece 83.775 83.775 WPP (2012)
2036 Greece 83.898 83.898 WPP (2012)
2037 Greece 84.021 84.021 WPP (2012)
2038 Greece 84.143 84.143 WPP (2012)
2039 Greece 84.265 84.265 WPP (2012)
2040 Greece 84.385 84.385 WPP (2012)
2041 Greece 84.505 84.505 WPP (2012)
2042 Greece 84.624 84.624 WPP (2012)
2043 Greece 84.742 84.742 WPP (2012)
2044 Greece 84.859 84.859 WPP (2012)
2045 Greece 84.976 84.976 WPP (2012)
2046 Greece 85.093 85.093 WPP (2012)
2047 Greece 85.209 85.209 WPP (2012)
2048 Greece 85.325 85.325 WPP (2012)
2049 Greece 85.442 85.442 WPP (2012)
2050 Greece 85.558 85.558 WPP (2012)
2051 Greece 85.674 85.674 WPP (2012)
2052 Greece 85.789 85.789 WPP (2012)
2053 Greece 85.904 85.904 WPP (2012)
2054 Greece 86.018 86.018 WPP (2012)
2055 Greece 86.132 86.132 WPP (2012)
2056 Greece 86.246 86.246 WPP (2012)
2057 Greece 86.359 86.359 WPP (2012)
2058 Greece 86.472 86.472 WPP (2012)
2059 Greece 86.585 86.585 WPP (2012)
2060 Greece 86.697 86.697 WPP (2012)
2061 Greece 86.811 86.811 WPP (2012)
2062 Greece 86.924 86.924 WPP (2012)
2063 Greece 87.037 87.037 WPP (2012)
2064 Greece 87.151 87.151 WPP (2012)
2065 Greece 87.264 87.264 WPP (2012)
2066 Greece 87.378 87.378 WPP (2012)
2067 Greece 87.492 87.492 WPP (2012)
2068 Greece 87.606 87.606 WPP (2012)
2069 Greece 87.72 87.72 WPP (2012)
2070 Greece 87.833 87.833 WPP (2012)
2071 Greece 87.947 87.947 WPP (2012)
2072 Greece 88.059 88.059 WPP (2012)
2073 Greece 88.172 88.172 WPP (2012)
2074 Greece 88.283 88.283 WPP (2012)
2075 Greece 88.395 88.395 WPP (2012)
2076 Greece 88.506 88.506 WPP (2012)
2077 Greece 88.618 88.618 WPP (2012)
2078 Greece 88.729 88.729 WPP (2012)
2079 Greece 88.84 88.84 WPP (2012)
2080 Greece 88.951 88.951 WPP (2012)
2081 Greece 89.062 89.062 WPP (2012)
2082 Greece 89.172 89.172 WPP (2012)
2083 Greece 89.281 89.281 WPP (2012)
2084 Greece 89.39 89.39 WPP (2012)
2085 Greece 89.498 89.498 WPP (2012)
2086 Greece 89.605 89.605 WPP (2012)
2087 Greece 89.713 89.713 WPP (2012)
2088 Greece 89.822 89.822 WPP (2012)
2089 Greece 89.93 89.93 WPP (2012)
2090 Greece 90.04 90.04 WPP (2012)
2091 Greece 90.149 90.149 WPP (2012)
2092 Greece 90.259 90.259 WPP (2012)
2093 Greece 90.368 90.368 WPP (2012)
2094 Greece 90.478 90.478 WPP (2012)
2095 Greece 90.587 90.587 WPP (2012)
2096 Greece 90.696 90.696 WPP (2012)
2097 Greece 90.805 90.805 WPP (2012)
2098 Greece 90.913 90.913 WPP (2012)
2099 Greece 91.022 91.022 WPP (2012)
1950 Grenada 55.231 55.231 WPP (2012)
1951 Grenada 55.516 55.516 WPP (2012)
1952 Grenada 56.078 56.078 WPP (2012)
1953 Grenada 56.627 56.627 WPP (2012)
1954 Grenada 57.161 57.161 WPP (2012)
1955 Grenada 57.681 57.681 WPP (2012)
1956 Grenada 58.186 58.186 WPP (2012)
1957 Grenada 58.678 58.678 WPP (2012)
1958 Grenada 59.155 59.155 WPP (2012)
1959 Grenada 59.619 59.619 WPP (2012)
1960 Grenada 60.068 60.068 WPP (2012)
1961 Grenada 60.503 60.503 WPP (2012)
1962 Grenada 60.924 60.924 WPP (2012)
1963 Grenada 61.331 61.331 WPP (2012)
1964 Grenada 61.725 61.725 WPP (2012)
1965 Grenada 62.107 62.107 WPP (2012)
1966 Grenada 62.477 62.477 WPP (2012)
1967 Grenada 62.835 62.835 WPP (2012)
1968 Grenada 63.181 63.181 WPP (2012)
1969 Grenada 63.517 63.517 WPP (2012)
1970 Grenada 63.843 63.843 WPP (2012)
1971 Grenada 64.158 64.158 WPP (2012)
1972 Grenada 64.462 64.462 WPP (2012)
1973 Grenada 64.755 64.755 WPP (2012)
1974 Grenada 65.038 65.038 WPP (2012)
1975 Grenada 65.312 65.312 WPP (2012)
1976 Grenada 65.577 65.577 WPP (2012)
1977 Grenada 65.833 65.833 WPP (2012)
1978 Grenada 66.081 66.081 WPP (2012)
1979 Grenada 66.322 66.322 WPP (2012)
1980 Grenada 66.557 66.557 WPP (2012)
1981 Grenada 66.787 66.787 WPP (2012)
1982 Grenada 67.012 67.012 WPP (2012)
1983 Grenada 67.233 67.233 WPP (2012)
1984 Grenada 67.449 67.449 WPP (2012)
1985 Grenada 67.66 67.66 WPP (2012)
1986 Grenada 67.864 67.864 WPP (2012)
1987 Grenada 68.06 68.06 WPP (2012)
1988 Grenada 68.247 68.247 WPP (2012)
1989 Grenada 68.427 68.427 WPP (2012)
1990 Grenada 68.6 68.6 WPP (2012)
1991 Grenada 68.765 68.765 WPP (2012)
1992 Grenada 68.925 68.925 WPP (2012)
1993 Grenada 69.083 69.083 WPP (2012)
1994 Grenada 69.241 69.241 WPP (2012)
1995 Grenada 69.403 69.403 WPP (2012)
1996 Grenada 69.571 69.571 WPP (2012)
1997 Grenada 69.748 69.748 WPP (2012)
1998 Grenada 69.935 69.935 WPP (2012)
1999 Grenada 70.133 70.133 WPP (2012)
2000 Grenada 70.341 70.341 WPP (2012)
2001 Grenada 70.56 70.56 WPP (2012)
2002 Grenada 70.787 70.787 WPP (2012)
2003 Grenada 71.018 71.018 WPP (2012)
2004 Grenada 71.249 71.249 WPP (2012)
2005 Grenada 71.474 71.474 WPP (2012)
2006 Grenada 71.687 71.687 WPP (2012)
2007 Grenada 71.884 71.884 WPP (2012)
2008 Grenada 72.064 72.064 WPP (2012)
2009 Grenada 72.227 72.227 WPP (2012)
2010 Grenada 72.375 72.375 WPP (2012)
2011 Grenada 72.51 72.51 WPP (2012)
2012 Grenada 72.64 72.64 WPP (2012)
2013 Grenada 72.768 72.768 WPP (2012)
2014 Grenada 72.898 72.898 WPP (2012)
2015 Grenada 73.031 73.031 WPP (2012)
2016 Grenada 73.166 73.166 WPP (2012)
2017 Grenada 73.303 73.303 WPP (2012)
2018 Grenada 73.44 73.44 WPP (2012)
2019 Grenada 73.576 73.576 WPP (2012)
2020 Grenada 73.712 73.712 WPP (2012)
2021 Grenada 73.848 73.848 WPP (2012)
2022 Grenada 73.985 73.985 WPP (2012)
2023 Grenada 74.122 74.122 WPP (2012)
2024 Grenada 74.259 74.259 WPP (2012)
2025 Grenada 74.397 74.397 WPP (2012)
2026 Grenada 74.535 74.535 WPP (2012)
2027 Grenada 74.673 74.673 WPP (2012)
2028 Grenada 74.811 74.811 WPP (2012)
2029 Grenada 74.95 74.95 WPP (2012)
2030 Grenada 75.09 75.09 WPP (2012)
2031 Grenada 75.23 75.23 WPP (2012)
2032 Grenada 75.371 75.371 WPP (2012)
2033 Grenada 75.513 75.513 WPP (2012)
2034 Grenada 75.656 75.656 WPP (2012)
2035 Grenada 75.799 75.799 WPP (2012)
2036 Grenada 75.943 75.943 WPP (2012)
2037 Grenada 76.088 76.088 WPP (2012)
2038 Grenada 76.232 76.232 WPP (2012)
2039 Grenada 76.376 76.376 WPP (2012)
2040 Grenada 76.521 76.521 WPP (2012)
2041 Grenada 76.666 76.666 WPP (2012)
2042 Grenada 76.81 76.81 WPP (2012)
2043 Grenada 76.956 76.956 WPP (2012)
2044 Grenada 77.101 77.101 WPP (2012)
2045 Grenada 77.247 77.247 WPP (2012)
2046 Grenada 77.394 77.394 WPP (2012)
2047 Grenada 77.541 77.541 WPP (2012)
2048 Grenada 77.688 77.688 WPP (2012)
2049 Grenada 77.836 77.836 WPP (2012)
2050 Grenada 77.984 77.984 WPP (2012)
2051 Grenada 78.133 78.133 WPP (2012)
2052 Grenada 78.282 78.282 WPP (2012)
2053 Grenada 78.431 78.431 WPP (2012)
2054 Grenada 78.581 78.581 WPP (2012)
2055 Grenada 78.731 78.731 WPP (2012)
2056 Grenada 78.882 78.882 WPP (2012)
2057 Grenada 79.033 79.033 WPP (2012)
2058 Grenada 79.185 79.185 WPP (2012)
2059 Grenada 79.337 79.337 WPP (2012)
2060 Grenada 79.489 79.489 WPP (2012)
2061 Grenada 79.64 79.64 WPP (2012)
2062 Grenada 79.791 79.791 WPP (2012)
2063 Grenada 79.941 79.941 WPP (2012)
2064 Grenada 80.089 80.089 WPP (2012)
2065 Grenada 80.236 80.236 WPP (2012)
2066 Grenada 80.381 80.381 WPP (2012)
2067 Grenada 80.525 80.525 WPP (2012)
2068 Grenada 80.667 80.667 WPP (2012)
2069 Grenada 80.808 80.808 WPP (2012)
2070 Grenada 80.947 80.947 WPP (2012)
2071 Grenada 81.084 81.084 WPP (2012)
2072 Grenada 81.22 81.22 WPP (2012)
2073 Grenada 81.353 81.353 WPP (2012)
2074 Grenada 81.485 81.485 WPP (2012)
2075 Grenada 81.615 81.615 WPP (2012)
2076 Grenada 81.742 81.742 WPP (2012)
2077 Grenada 81.868 81.868 WPP (2012)
2078 Grenada 81.993 81.993 WPP (2012)
2079 Grenada 82.116 82.116 WPP (2012)
2080 Grenada 82.238 82.238 WPP (2012)
2081 Grenada 82.36 82.36 WPP (2012)
2082 Grenada 82.48 82.48 WPP (2012)
2083 Grenada 82.6 82.6 WPP (2012)
2084 Grenada 82.719 82.719 WPP (2012)
2085 Grenada 82.837 82.837 WPP (2012)
2086 Grenada 82.955 82.955 WPP (2012)
2087 Grenada 83.071 83.071 WPP (2012)
2088 Grenada 83.185 83.185 WPP (2012)
2089 Grenada 83.299 83.299 WPP (2012)
2090 Grenada 83.411 83.411 WPP (2012)
2091 Grenada 83.523 83.523 WPP (2012)
2092 Grenada 83.635 83.635 WPP (2012)
2093 Grenada 83.746 83.746 WPP (2012)
2094 Grenada 83.858 83.858 WPP (2012)
2095 Grenada 83.97 83.97 WPP (2012)
2096 Grenada 84.083 84.083 WPP (2012)
2097 Grenada 84.196 84.196 WPP (2012)
2098 Grenada 84.309 84.309 WPP (2012)
2099 Grenada 84.423 84.423 WPP (2012)
1950 Guadeloupe 51.655 51.655 WPP (2012)
1951 Guadeloupe 52.088 52.088 WPP (2012)
1952 Guadeloupe 52.94 52.94 WPP (2012)
1953 Guadeloupe 53.769 53.769 WPP (2012)
1954 Guadeloupe 54.572 54.572 WPP (2012)
1955 Guadeloupe 55.351 55.351 WPP (2012)
1956 Guadeloupe 56.106 56.106 WPP (2012)
1957 Guadeloupe 56.837 56.837 WPP (2012)
1958 Guadeloupe 57.547 57.547 WPP (2012)
1959 Guadeloupe 58.238 58.238 WPP (2012)
1960 Guadeloupe 58.913 58.913 WPP (2012)
1961 Guadeloupe 59.576 59.576 WPP (2012)
1962 Guadeloupe 60.229 60.229 WPP (2012)
1963 Guadeloupe 60.874 60.874 WPP (2012)
1964 Guadeloupe 61.511 61.511 WPP (2012)
1965 Guadeloupe 62.137 62.137 WPP (2012)
1966 Guadeloupe 62.748 62.748 WPP (2012)
1967 Guadeloupe 63.339 63.339 WPP (2012)
1968 Guadeloupe 63.908 63.908 WPP (2012)
1969 Guadeloupe 64.455 64.455 WPP (2012)
1970 Guadeloupe 64.982 64.982 WPP (2012)
1971 Guadeloupe 65.493 65.493 WPP (2012)
1972 Guadeloupe 65.993 65.993 WPP (2012)
1973 Guadeloupe 66.486 66.486 WPP (2012)
1974 Guadeloupe 66.973 66.973 WPP (2012)
1975 Guadeloupe 67.456 67.456 WPP (2012)
1976 Guadeloupe 67.932 67.932 WPP (2012)
1977 Guadeloupe 68.401 68.401 WPP (2012)
1978 Guadeloupe 68.86 68.86 WPP (2012)
1979 Guadeloupe 69.308 69.308 WPP (2012)
1980 Guadeloupe 69.747 69.747 WPP (2012)
1981 Guadeloupe 70.176 70.176 WPP (2012)
1982 Guadeloupe 70.597 70.597 WPP (2012)
1983 Guadeloupe 71.011 71.011 WPP (2012)
1984 Guadeloupe 71.417 71.417 WPP (2012)
1985 Guadeloupe 71.816 71.816 WPP (2012)
1986 Guadeloupe 72.209 72.209 WPP (2012)
1987 Guadeloupe 72.596 72.596 WPP (2012)
1988 Guadeloupe 72.976 72.976 WPP (2012)
1989 Guadeloupe 73.349 73.349 WPP (2012)
1990 Guadeloupe 73.717 73.717 WPP (2012)
1991 Guadeloupe 74.08 74.08 WPP (2012)
1992 Guadeloupe 74.437 74.437 WPP (2012)
1993 Guadeloupe 74.789 74.789 WPP (2012)
1994 Guadeloupe 75.135 75.135 WPP (2012)
1995 Guadeloupe 75.478 75.478 WPP (2012)
1996 Guadeloupe 75.815 75.815 WPP (2012)
1997 Guadeloupe 76.147 76.147 WPP (2012)
1998 Guadeloupe 76.475 76.475 WPP (2012)
1999 Guadeloupe 76.798 76.798 WPP (2012)
2000 Guadeloupe 77.116 77.116 WPP (2012)
2001 Guadeloupe 77.43 77.43 WPP (2012)
2002 Guadeloupe 77.739 77.739 WPP (2012)
2003 Guadeloupe 78.044 78.044 WPP (2012)
2004 Guadeloupe 78.346 78.346 WPP (2012)
2005 Guadeloupe 78.646 78.646 WPP (2012)
2006 Guadeloupe 78.946 78.946 WPP (2012)
2007 Guadeloupe 79.247 79.247 WPP (2012)
2008 Guadeloupe 79.548 79.548 WPP (2012)
2009 Guadeloupe 79.848 79.848 WPP (2012)
2010 Guadeloupe 80.141 80.141 WPP (2012)
2011 Guadeloupe 80.425 80.425 WPP (2012)
2012 Guadeloupe 80.694 80.694 WPP (2012)
2013 Guadeloupe 80.947 80.947 WPP (2012)
2014 Guadeloupe 81.184 81.184 WPP (2012)
2015 Guadeloupe 81.406 81.406 WPP (2012)
2016 Guadeloupe 81.615 81.615 WPP (2012)
2017 Guadeloupe 81.816 81.816 WPP (2012)
2018 Guadeloupe 82.012 82.012 WPP (2012)
2019 Guadeloupe 82.207 82.207 WPP (2012)
2020 Guadeloupe 82.401 82.401 WPP (2012)
2021 Guadeloupe 82.595 82.595 WPP (2012)
2022 Guadeloupe 82.786 82.786 WPP (2012)
2023 Guadeloupe 82.976 82.976 WPP (2012)
2024 Guadeloupe 83.163 83.163 WPP (2012)
2025 Guadeloupe 83.348 83.348 WPP (2012)
2026 Guadeloupe 83.532 83.532 WPP (2012)
2027 Guadeloupe 83.713 83.713 WPP (2012)
2028 Guadeloupe 83.892 83.892 WPP (2012)
2029 Guadeloupe 84.07 84.07 WPP (2012)
2030 Guadeloupe 84.246 84.246 WPP (2012)
2031 Guadeloupe 84.42 84.42 WPP (2012)
2032 Guadeloupe 84.593 84.593 WPP (2012)
2033 Guadeloupe 84.764 84.764 WPP (2012)
2034 Guadeloupe 84.934 84.934 WPP (2012)
2035 Guadeloupe 85.102 85.102 WPP (2012)
2036 Guadeloupe 85.268 85.268 WPP (2012)
2037 Guadeloupe 85.433 85.433 WPP (2012)
2038 Guadeloupe 85.597 85.597 WPP (2012)
2039 Guadeloupe 85.759 85.759 WPP (2012)
2040 Guadeloupe 85.92 85.92 WPP (2012)
2041 Guadeloupe 86.079 86.079 WPP (2012)
2042 Guadeloupe 86.236 86.236 WPP (2012)
2043 Guadeloupe 86.392 86.392 WPP (2012)
2044 Guadeloupe 86.546 86.546 WPP (2012)
2045 Guadeloupe 86.699 86.699 WPP (2012)
2046 Guadeloupe 86.85 86.85 WPP (2012)
2047 Guadeloupe 87 87 WPP (2012)
2048 Guadeloupe 87.148 87.148 WPP (2012)
2049 Guadeloupe 87.295 87.295 WPP (2012)
2050 Guadeloupe 87.441 87.441 WPP (2012)
2051 Guadeloupe 87.586 87.586 WPP (2012)
2052 Guadeloupe 87.729 87.729 WPP (2012)
2053 Guadeloupe 87.871 87.871 WPP (2012)
2054 Guadeloupe 88.011 88.011 WPP (2012)
2055 Guadeloupe 88.151 88.151 WPP (2012)
2056 Guadeloupe 88.289 88.289 WPP (2012)
2057 Guadeloupe 88.427 88.427 WPP (2012)
2058 Guadeloupe 88.564 88.564 WPP (2012)
2059 Guadeloupe 88.7 88.7 WPP (2012)
2060 Guadeloupe 88.835 88.835 WPP (2012)
2061 Guadeloupe 88.969 88.969 WPP (2012)
2062 Guadeloupe 89.101 89.101 WPP (2012)
2063 Guadeloupe 89.232 89.232 WPP (2012)
2064 Guadeloupe 89.361 89.361 WPP (2012)
2065 Guadeloupe 89.489 89.489 WPP (2012)
2066 Guadeloupe 89.615 89.615 WPP (2012)
2067 Guadeloupe 89.741 89.741 WPP (2012)
2068 Guadeloupe 89.865 89.865 WPP (2012)
2069 Guadeloupe 89.989 89.989 WPP (2012)
2070 Guadeloupe 90.113 90.113 WPP (2012)
2071 Guadeloupe 90.236 90.236 WPP (2012)
2072 Guadeloupe 90.359 90.359 WPP (2012)
2073 Guadeloupe 90.482 90.482 WPP (2012)
2074 Guadeloupe 90.605 90.605 WPP (2012)
2075 Guadeloupe 90.727 90.727 WPP (2012)
2076 Guadeloupe 90.85 90.85 WPP (2012)
2077 Guadeloupe 90.973 90.973 WPP (2012)
2078 Guadeloupe 91.095 91.095 WPP (2012)
2079 Guadeloupe 91.218 91.218 WPP (2012)
2080 Guadeloupe 91.341 91.341 WPP (2012)
2081 Guadeloupe 91.463 91.463 WPP (2012)
2082 Guadeloupe 91.586 91.586 WPP (2012)
2083 Guadeloupe 91.709 91.709 WPP (2012)
2084 Guadeloupe 91.831 91.831 WPP (2012)
2085 Guadeloupe 91.954 91.954 WPP (2012)
2086 Guadeloupe 92.077 92.077 WPP (2012)
2087 Guadeloupe 92.199 92.199 WPP (2012)
2088 Guadeloupe 92.321 92.321 WPP (2012)
2089 Guadeloupe 92.443 92.443 WPP (2012)
2090 Guadeloupe 92.565 92.565 WPP (2012)
2091 Guadeloupe 92.686 92.686 WPP (2012)
2092 Guadeloupe 92.807 92.807 WPP (2012)
2093 Guadeloupe 92.928 92.928 WPP (2012)
2094 Guadeloupe 93.048 93.048 WPP (2012)
2095 Guadeloupe 93.168 93.168 WPP (2012)
2096 Guadeloupe 93.288 93.288 WPP (2012)
2097 Guadeloupe 93.408 93.408 WPP (2012)
2098 Guadeloupe 93.527 93.527 WPP (2012)
2099 Guadeloupe 93.646 93.646 WPP (2012)
1950 Guam 56.131 56.131 WPP (2012)
1951 Guam 56.38 56.38 WPP (2012)
1952 Guam 56.879 56.879 WPP (2012)
1953 Guam 57.382 57.382 WPP (2012)
1954 Guam 57.888 57.888 WPP (2012)
1955 Guam 58.397 58.397 WPP (2012)
1956 Guam 58.909 58.909 WPP (2012)
1957 Guam 59.423 59.423 WPP (2012)
1958 Guam 59.939 59.939 WPP (2012)
1959 Guam 60.455 60.455 WPP (2012)
1960 Guam 60.97 60.97 WPP (2012)
1961 Guam 61.48 61.48 WPP (2012)
1962 Guam 61.985 61.985 WPP (2012)
1963 Guam 62.481 62.481 WPP (2012)
1964 Guam 62.967 62.967 WPP (2012)
1965 Guam 63.442 63.442 WPP (2012)
1966 Guam 63.906 63.906 WPP (2012)
1967 Guam 64.36 64.36 WPP (2012)
1968 Guam 64.804 64.804 WPP (2012)
1969 Guam 65.238 65.238 WPP (2012)
1970 Guam 65.662 65.662 WPP (2012)
1971 Guam 66.073 66.073 WPP (2012)
1972 Guam 66.473 66.473 WPP (2012)
1973 Guam 66.86 66.86 WPP (2012)
1974 Guam 67.235 67.235 WPP (2012)
1975 Guam 67.599 67.599 WPP (2012)
1976 Guam 67.951 67.951 WPP (2012)
1977 Guam 68.292 68.292 WPP (2012)
1978 Guam 68.624 68.624 WPP (2012)
1979 Guam 68.948 68.948 WPP (2012)
1980 Guam 69.262 69.262 WPP (2012)
1981 Guam 69.568 69.568 WPP (2012)
1982 Guam 69.864 69.864 WPP (2012)
1983 Guam 70.152 70.152 WPP (2012)
1984 Guam 70.431 70.431 WPP (2012)
1985 Guam 70.701 70.701 WPP (2012)
1986 Guam 70.96 70.96 WPP (2012)
1987 Guam 71.209 71.209 WPP (2012)
1988 Guam 71.45 71.45 WPP (2012)
1989 Guam 71.687 71.687 WPP (2012)
1990 Guam 71.925 71.925 WPP (2012)
1991 Guam 72.167 72.167 WPP (2012)
1992 Guam 72.42 72.42 WPP (2012)
1993 Guam 72.685 72.685 WPP (2012)
1994 Guam 72.967 72.967 WPP (2012)
1995 Guam 73.267 73.267 WPP (2012)
1996 Guam 73.589 73.589 WPP (2012)
1997 Guam 73.93 73.93 WPP (2012)
1998 Guam 74.284 74.284 WPP (2012)
1999 Guam 74.646 74.646 WPP (2012)
2000 Guam 75.011 75.011 WPP (2012)
2001 Guam 75.371 75.371 WPP (2012)
2002 Guam 75.72 75.72 WPP (2012)
2003 Guam 76.054 76.054 WPP (2012)
2004 Guam 76.371 76.371 WPP (2012)
2005 Guam 76.671 76.671 WPP (2012)
2006 Guam 76.957 76.957 WPP (2012)
2007 Guam 77.233 77.233 WPP (2012)
2008 Guam 77.505 77.505 WPP (2012)
2009 Guam 77.776 77.776 WPP (2012)
2010 Guam 78.046 78.046 WPP (2012)
2011 Guam 78.316 78.316 WPP (2012)
2012 Guam 78.586 78.586 WPP (2012)
2013 Guam 78.854 78.854 WPP (2012)
2014 Guam 79.12 79.12 WPP (2012)
2015 Guam 79.384 79.384 WPP (2012)
2016 Guam 79.646 79.646 WPP (2012)
2017 Guam 79.905 79.905 WPP (2012)
2018 Guam 80.16 80.16 WPP (2012)
2019 Guam 80.411 80.411 WPP (2012)
2020 Guam 80.655 80.655 WPP (2012)
2021 Guam 80.891 80.891 WPP (2012)
2022 Guam 81.12 81.12 WPP (2012)
2023 Guam 81.34 81.34 WPP (2012)
2024 Guam 81.552 81.552 WPP (2012)
2025 Guam 81.755 81.755 WPP (2012)
2026 Guam 81.952 81.952 WPP (2012)
2027 Guam 82.143 82.143 WPP (2012)
2028 Guam 82.329 82.329 WPP (2012)
2029 Guam 82.511 82.511 WPP (2012)
2030 Guam 82.691 82.691 WPP (2012)
2031 Guam 82.867 82.867 WPP (2012)
2032 Guam 83.041 83.041 WPP (2012)
2033 Guam 83.211 83.211 WPP (2012)
2034 Guam 83.379 83.379 WPP (2012)
2035 Guam 83.545 83.545 WPP (2012)
2036 Guam 83.71 83.71 WPP (2012)
2037 Guam 83.874 83.874 WPP (2012)
2038 Guam 84.037 84.037 WPP (2012)
2039 Guam 84.199 84.199 WPP (2012)
2040 Guam 84.36 84.36 WPP (2012)
2041 Guam 84.52 84.52 WPP (2012)
2042 Guam 84.68 84.68 WPP (2012)
2043 Guam 84.838 84.838 WPP (2012)
2044 Guam 84.994 84.994 WPP (2012)
2045 Guam 85.149 85.149 WPP (2012)
2046 Guam 85.301 85.301 WPP (2012)
2047 Guam 85.452 85.452 WPP (2012)
2048 Guam 85.602 85.602 WPP (2012)
2049 Guam 85.749 85.749 WPP (2012)
2050 Guam 85.896 85.896 WPP (2012)
2051 Guam 86.041 86.041 WPP (2012)
2052 Guam 86.186 86.186 WPP (2012)
2053 Guam 86.329 86.329 WPP (2012)
2054 Guam 86.473 86.473 WPP (2012)
2055 Guam 86.616 86.616 WPP (2012)
2056 Guam 86.759 86.759 WPP (2012)
2057 Guam 86.901 86.901 WPP (2012)
2058 Guam 87.044 87.044 WPP (2012)
2059 Guam 87.186 87.186 WPP (2012)
2060 Guam 87.327 87.327 WPP (2012)
2061 Guam 87.467 87.467 WPP (2012)
2062 Guam 87.605 87.605 WPP (2012)
2063 Guam 87.742 87.742 WPP (2012)
2064 Guam 87.878 87.878 WPP (2012)
2065 Guam 88.012 88.012 WPP (2012)
2066 Guam 88.146 88.146 WPP (2012)
2067 Guam 88.279 88.279 WPP (2012)
2068 Guam 88.411 88.411 WPP (2012)
2069 Guam 88.544 88.544 WPP (2012)
2070 Guam 88.676 88.676 WPP (2012)
2071 Guam 88.807 88.807 WPP (2012)
2072 Guam 88.938 88.938 WPP (2012)
2073 Guam 89.068 89.068 WPP (2012)
2074 Guam 89.198 89.198 WPP (2012)
2075 Guam 89.327 89.327 WPP (2012)
2076 Guam 89.455 89.455 WPP (2012)
2077 Guam 89.583 89.583 WPP (2012)
2078 Guam 89.71 89.71 WPP (2012)
2079 Guam 89.838 89.838 WPP (2012)
2080 Guam 89.965 89.965 WPP (2012)
2081 Guam 90.092 90.092 WPP (2012)
2082 Guam 90.217 90.217 WPP (2012)
2083 Guam 90.343 90.343 WPP (2012)
2084 Guam 90.467 90.467 WPP (2012)
2085 Guam 90.591 90.591 WPP (2012)
2086 Guam 90.714 90.714 WPP (2012)
2087 Guam 90.838 90.838 WPP (2012)
2088 Guam 90.961 90.961 WPP (2012)
2089 Guam 91.085 91.085 WPP (2012)
2090 Guam 91.209 91.209 WPP (2012)
2091 Guam 91.333 91.333 WPP (2012)
2092 Guam 91.456 91.456 WPP (2012)
2093 Guam 91.579 91.579 WPP (2012)
2094 Guam 91.702 91.702 WPP (2012)
2095 Guam 91.823 91.823 WPP (2012)
2096 Guam 91.944 91.944 WPP (2012)
2097 Guam 92.065 92.065 WPP (2012)
2098 Guam 92.184 92.184 WPP (2012)
2099 Guam 92.303 92.303 WPP (2012)
1800 Guatemala 25.8 25.8 Gapminder model - extrapolation from
earliest available levels
1801 Guatemala 25.80016
1802 Guatemala 25.80032
1803 Guatemala 25.80048
1804 Guatemala 25.80064
1805 Guatemala 25.8008
1806 Guatemala 25.80096
1807 Guatemala 25.80112
1808 Guatemala 25.80128
1809 Guatemala 25.80144
1810 Guatemala 25.8016
1811 Guatemala 25.80176
1812 Guatemala 25.80192
1813 Guatemala 25.80208
1814 Guatemala 25.80224
1815 Guatemala 25.8024
1816 Guatemala 25.80256
1817 Guatemala 25.80272
1818 Guatemala 25.80288
1819 Guatemala 25.80304
1820 Guatemala 25.8032
1821 Guatemala 25.80336
1822 Guatemala 25.80352
1823 Guatemala 25.80368
1824 Guatemala 25.80384
1825 Guatemala 25.804
1826 Guatemala 25.80416
1827 Guatemala 25.80432
1828 Guatemala 25.80448
1829 Guatemala 25.80464
1830 Guatemala 25.8048
1831 Guatemala 25.80496
1832 Guatemala 25.80512
1833 Guatemala 25.80528
1834 Guatemala 25.80544
1835 Guatemala 25.8056
1836 Guatemala 25.80576
1837 Guatemala 25.80592
1838 Guatemala 25.80608
1839 Guatemala 25.80624
1840 Guatemala 25.8064
1841 Guatemala 25.80656
1842 Guatemala 25.80672
1843 Guatemala 25.80688
1844 Guatemala 25.80704
1845 Guatemala 25.8072
1846 Guatemala 25.80736
1847 Guatemala 25.80752
1848 Guatemala 25.80768
1849 Guatemala 25.80784
1850 Guatemala 25.808
1851 Guatemala 25.80816
1852 Guatemala 25.80832
1853 Guatemala 25.80848
1854 Guatemala 25.80864
1855 Guatemala 25.8088
1856 Guatemala 25.80896
1857 Guatemala 25.80912
1858 Guatemala 25.80928
1859 Guatemala 25.80944
1860 Guatemala 25.8096
1861 Guatemala 25.80976
1862 Guatemala 25.80992
1863 Guatemala 25.81008
1864 Guatemala 25.81024
1865 Guatemala 25.8104
1866 Guatemala 25.81056
1867 Guatemala 25.81072
1868 Guatemala 25.81088
1869 Guatemala 25.81104
1870 Guatemala 25.8112
1871 Guatemala 25.81136
1872 Guatemala 25.81152
1873 Guatemala 25.81168
1874 Guatemala 25.81184
1875 Guatemala 25.812
1876 Guatemala 25.81216
1877 Guatemala 25.81232
1878 Guatemala 25.81248
1879 Guatemala 25.81264
1880 Guatemala 25.8128
1881 Guatemala 25.81296
1882 Guatemala 25.81312
1883 Guatemala 25.81328
1884 Guatemala 25.81344
1885 Guatemala 25.8136
1886 Guatemala 25.81376
1887 Guatemala 25.81392
1888 Guatemala 25.81408
1889 Guatemala 25.81424
1890 Guatemala 25.8144
1891 Guatemala 25.81456
1892 Guatemala 25.81472
1893 Guatemala 25.81488
1894 Guatemala 25.81504
1895 Guatemala 25.8152
1896 Guatemala 25.81536
1897 Guatemala 25.81552
1898 Guatemala 25.81568
1899 Guatemala 25.81584
1900 Guatemala 25.816
1901 Guatemala 25.81616
1902 Guatemala 25.81632
1903 Guatemala 25.81648
1904 Guatemala 25.81664
1905 Guatemala 25.8168
1906 Guatemala 25.81696
1907 Guatemala 25.81712
1908 Guatemala 25.81728
1909 Guatemala 25.81744
1910 Guatemala 25.8176
1911 Guatemala 25.81776
1912 Guatemala 25.81792
1913 Guatemala 25.81808
1914 Guatemala 25.81824
1915 Guatemala 25.8184
1916 Guatemala 25.81856
1917 Guatemala 25.81872
1918 Guatemala 25.81888
1919 Guatemala 25.81904
1920 Guatemala 25.8192
1921 Guatemala 25.81936 25.81936 Riley file
1922 Guatemala 25.817871
1923 Guatemala 25.816382
1924 Guatemala 25.814892
1925 Guatemala 25.813403
1926 Guatemala 25.811914
1927 Guatemala 25.810425
1928 Guatemala 25.808935
1929 Guatemala 25.807446
1930 Guatemala 25.805957
1931 Guatemala 25.804468
1932 Guatemala 25.802978
1933 Guatemala 25.801489
1934 Guatemala 25.8 25.8 Gapminder model - extrapolation from
earliest available levels
1935 Guatemala 26.558747
1936 Guatemala 27.317493
1937 Guatemala 28.07624
1938 Guatemala 28.834987
1939 Guatemala 29.593733
1940 Guatemala 30.35248 30.35248 Riley file
1941 Guatemala 31.454332
1942 Guatemala 32.556184
1943 Guatemala 33.658036
1944 Guatemala 34.759888
1945 Guatemala 35.86174
1946 Guatemala 36.963592
1947 Guatemala 38.065444
1948 Guatemala 39.167296
1949 Guatemala 40.269148
1950 Guatemala 41.371 41.371 WPP (2012)
1951 Guatemala 41.523 41.523 WPP (2012)
1952 Guatemala 41.845 41.845 WPP (2012)
1953 Guatemala 42.199 42.199 WPP (2012)
1954 Guatemala 42.585 42.585 WPP (2012)
1955 Guatemala 43.004 43.004 WPP (2012)
1956 Guatemala 43.454 43.454 WPP (2012)
1957 Guatemala 43.935 43.935 WPP (2012)
1958 Guatemala 44.444 44.444 WPP (2012)
1959 Guatemala 44.978 44.978 WPP (2012)
1960 Guatemala 45.533 45.533 WPP (2012)
1961 Guatemala 46.104 46.104 WPP (2012)
1962 Guatemala 46.688 46.688 WPP (2012)
1963 Guatemala 47.281 47.281 WPP (2012)
1964 Guatemala 47.884 47.884 WPP (2012)
1965 Guatemala 48.505 48.505 WPP (2012)
1966 Guatemala 49.156 49.156 WPP (2012)
1967 Guatemala 49.843 49.843 WPP (2012)
1968 Guatemala 50.561 50.561 WPP (2012)
1969 Guatemala 51.3 51.3 WPP (2012)
1970 Guatemala 52.041 52.041 WPP (2012)
1971 Guatemala 52.76 52.76 WPP (2012)
1972 Guatemala 53.436 53.436 WPP (2012)
1973 Guatemala 54.056 54.056 WPP (2012)
1974 Guatemala 54.615 54.615 WPP (2012)
1975 Guatemala 55.112 55.112 WPP (2012)
1976 Guatemala 55.556 55.556 WPP (2012)
1977 Guatemala 55.967 55.967 WPP (2012)
1978 Guatemala 56.366 56.366 WPP (2012)
1979 Guatemala 56.763 56.763 WPP (2012)
1980 Guatemala 57.171 57.171 WPP (2012)
1981 Guatemala 57.6 57.6 WPP (2012)
1982 Guatemala 58.049 58.049 WPP (2012)
1983 Guatemala 58.518 58.518 WPP (2012)
1984 Guatemala 59.01 59.01 WPP (2012)
1985 Guatemala 59.52 59.52 WPP (2012)
1986 Guatemala 60.044 60.044 WPP (2012)
1987 Guatemala 60.574 60.574 WPP (2012)
1988 Guatemala 61.105 61.105 WPP (2012)
1989 Guatemala 61.634 61.634 WPP (2012)
1990 Guatemala 62.163 62.163 WPP (2012)
1991 Guatemala 62.695 62.695 WPP (2012)
1992 Guatemala 63.234 63.234 WPP (2012)
1993 Guatemala 63.783 63.783 WPP (2012)
1994 Guatemala 64.341 64.341 WPP (2012)
1995 Guatemala 64.908 64.908 WPP (2012)
1996 Guatemala 65.486 65.486 WPP (2012)
1997 Guatemala 66.071 66.071 WPP (2012)
1998 Guatemala 66.654 66.654 WPP (2012)
1999 Guatemala 67.225 67.225 WPP (2012)
2000 Guatemala 67.768 67.768 WPP (2012)
2001 Guatemala 68.262 68.262 WPP (2012)
2002 Guatemala 68.701 68.701 WPP (2012)
2003 Guatemala 69.082 69.082 WPP (2012)
2004 Guatemala 69.409 69.409 WPP (2012)
2005 Guatemala 69.694 69.694 WPP (2012)
2006 Guatemala 69.955 69.955 WPP (2012)
2007 Guatemala 70.215 70.215 WPP (2012)
2008 Guatemala 70.488 70.488 WPP (2012)
2009 Guatemala 70.783 70.783 WPP (2012)
2010 Guatemala 71.1 71.1 WPP (2012)
2011 Guatemala 71.433 71.433 WPP (2012)
2012 Guatemala 71.77 71.77 WPP (2012)
2013 Guatemala 72.099 72.099 WPP (2012)
2014 Guatemala 72.417 72.417 WPP (2012)
2015 Guatemala 72.723 72.723 WPP (2012)
2016 Guatemala 73.018 73.018 WPP (2012)
2017 Guatemala 73.305 73.305 WPP (2012)
2018 Guatemala 73.587 73.587 WPP (2012)
2019 Guatemala 73.866 73.866 WPP (2012)
2020 Guatemala 74.142 74.142 WPP (2012)
2021 Guatemala 74.415 74.415 WPP (2012)
2022 Guatemala 74.684 74.684 WPP (2012)
2023 Guatemala 74.951 74.951 WPP (2012)
2024 Guatemala 75.214 75.214 WPP (2012)
2025 Guatemala 75.474 75.474 WPP (2012)
2026 Guatemala 75.731 75.731 WPP (2012)
2027 Guatemala 75.986 75.986 WPP (2012)
2028 Guatemala 76.239 76.239 WPP (2012)
2029 Guatemala 76.489 76.489 WPP (2012)
2030 Guatemala 76.737 76.737 WPP (2012)
2031 Guatemala 76.983 76.983 WPP (2012)
2032 Guatemala 77.227 77.227 WPP (2012)
2033 Guatemala 77.469 77.469 WPP (2012)
2034 Guatemala 77.71 77.71 WPP (2012)
2035 Guatemala 77.948 77.948 WPP (2012)
2036 Guatemala 78.184 78.184 WPP (2012)
2037 Guatemala 78.419 78.419 WPP (2012)
2038 Guatemala 78.651 78.651 WPP (2012)
2039 Guatemala 78.881 78.881 WPP (2012)
2040 Guatemala 79.108 79.108 WPP (2012)
2041 Guatemala 79.333 79.333 WPP (2012)
2042 Guatemala 79.554 79.554 WPP (2012)
2043 Guatemala 79.772 79.772 WPP (2012)
2044 Guatemala 79.985 79.985 WPP (2012)
2045 Guatemala 80.194 80.194 WPP (2012)
2046 Guatemala 80.397 80.397 WPP (2012)
2047 Guatemala 80.595 80.595 WPP (2012)
2048 Guatemala 80.788 80.788 WPP (2012)
2049 Guatemala 80.976 80.976 WPP (2012)
2050 Guatemala 81.158 81.158 WPP (2012)
2051 Guatemala 81.335 81.335 WPP (2012)
2052 Guatemala 81.508 81.508 WPP (2012)
2053 Guatemala 81.677 81.677 WPP (2012)
2054 Guatemala 81.843 81.843 WPP (2012)
2055 Guatemala 82.006 82.006 WPP (2012)
2056 Guatemala 82.165 82.165 WPP (2012)
2057 Guatemala 82.32 82.32 WPP (2012)
2058 Guatemala 82.473 82.473 WPP (2012)
2059 Guatemala 82.622 82.622 WPP (2012)
2060 Guatemala 82.769 82.769 WPP (2012)
2061 Guatemala 82.914 82.914 WPP (2012)
2062 Guatemala 83.056 83.056 WPP (2012)
2063 Guatemala 83.197 83.197 WPP (2012)
2064 Guatemala 83.336 83.336 WPP (2012)
2065 Guatemala 83.474 83.474 WPP (2012)
2066 Guatemala 83.611 83.611 WPP (2012)
2067 Guatemala 83.746 83.746 WPP (2012)
2068 Guatemala 83.88 83.88 WPP (2012)
2069 Guatemala 84.013 84.013 WPP (2012)
2070 Guatemala 84.145 84.145 WPP (2012)
2071 Guatemala 84.275 84.275 WPP (2012)
2072 Guatemala 84.405 84.405 WPP (2012)
2073 Guatemala 84.535 84.535 WPP (2012)
2074 Guatemala 84.663 84.663 WPP (2012)
2075 Guatemala 84.791 84.791 WPP (2012)
2076 Guatemala 84.918 84.918 WPP (2012)
2077 Guatemala 85.044 85.044 WPP (2012)
2078 Guatemala 85.169 85.169 WPP (2012)
2079 Guatemala 85.294 85.294 WPP (2012)
2080 Guatemala 85.417 85.417 WPP (2012)
2081 Guatemala 85.541 85.541 WPP (2012)
2082 Guatemala 85.663 85.663 WPP (2012)
2083 Guatemala 85.785 85.785 WPP (2012)
2084 Guatemala 85.907 85.907 WPP (2012)
2085 Guatemala 86.028 86.028 WPP (2012)
2086 Guatemala 86.149 86.149 WPP (2012)
2087 Guatemala 86.27 86.27 WPP (2012)
2088 Guatemala 86.391 86.391 WPP (2012)
2089 Guatemala 86.512 86.512 WPP (2012)
2090 Guatemala 86.632 86.632 WPP (2012)
2091 Guatemala 86.752 86.752 WPP (2012)
2092 Guatemala 86.872 86.872 WPP (2012)
2093 Guatemala 86.992 86.992 WPP (2012)
2094 Guatemala 87.111 87.111 WPP (2012)
2095 Guatemala 87.23 87.23 WPP (2012)
2096 Guatemala 87.348 87.348 WPP (2012)
2097 Guatemala 87.466 87.466 WPP (2012)
2098 Guatemala 87.583 87.583 WPP (2012)
2099 Guatemala 87.7 87.7 WPP (2012)
1800 Guinea 29.5 29.5 Gapminder model - continent average
1801 Guinea-Bissau 32
1802 Guinea-Bissau 32
1803 Guinea-Bissau 32
1804 Guinea-Bissau 32
1805 Guinea-Bissau 32
1806 Guinea-Bissau 32
1807 Guinea-Bissau 32
1808 Guinea-Bissau 32
1809 Guinea-Bissau 32
1810 Guinea-Bissau 32
1811 Guinea-Bissau 32
1812 Guinea-Bissau 32
1813 Guinea-Bissau 32
1814 Guinea-Bissau 32
1815 Guinea-Bissau 32
1816 Guinea-Bissau 32
1817 Guinea-Bissau 32
1818 Guinea-Bissau 32
1819 Guinea-Bissau 32
1820 Guinea-Bissau 32
1821 Guinea-Bissau 32
1822 Guinea-Bissau 32
1823 Guinea-Bissau 32
1824 Guinea-Bissau 32
1825 Guinea-Bissau 32
1826 Guinea-Bissau 32
1827 Guinea-Bissau 32
1828 Guinea-Bissau 32
1829 Guinea-Bissau 32
1830 Guinea-Bissau 32
1831 Guinea-Bissau 32
1832 Guinea-Bissau 32
1833 Guinea-Bissau 32
1834 Guinea-Bissau 32
1835 Guinea-Bissau 32
1836 Guinea-Bissau 32
1837 Guinea-Bissau 32
1838 Guinea-Bissau 32
1839 Guinea-Bissau 32
1840 Guinea-Bissau 32
1841 Guinea-Bissau 32
1842 Guinea-Bissau 32
1843 Guinea-Bissau 32
1844 Guinea-Bissau 32
1845 Guinea-Bissau 32
1846 Guinea-Bissau 32
1847 Guinea-Bissau 32
1848 Guinea-Bissau 32
1849 Guinea-Bissau 32
1850 Guinea-Bissau 32
1851 Guinea-Bissau 32
1852 Guinea-Bissau 32
1853 Guinea-Bissau 32
1854 Guinea-Bissau 32
1855 Guinea-Bissau 32
1856 Guinea-Bissau 32
1857 Guinea-Bissau 32
1858 Guinea-Bissau 32
1859 Guinea-Bissau 32
1860 Guinea-Bissau 32
1861 Guinea-Bissau 32
1862 Guinea-Bissau 32
1863 Guinea-Bissau 32
1864 Guinea-Bissau 32
1865 Guinea-Bissau 32
1866 Guinea-Bissau 32
1867 Guinea-Bissau 32
1868 Guinea-Bissau 32
1869 Guinea-Bissau 32
1870 Guinea-Bissau 32
1871 Guinea-Bissau 32
1872 Guinea-Bissau 32
1873 Guinea-Bissau 32
1874 Guinea-Bissau 32
1875 Guinea-Bissau 32
1876 Guinea-Bissau 32
1877 Guinea-Bissau 32
1878 Guinea-Bissau 32
1879 Guinea-Bissau 32
1880 Guinea-Bissau 32
1881 Guinea-Bissau 32
1882 Guinea-Bissau 32
1883 Guinea-Bissau 32
1884 Guinea-Bissau 32
1885 Guinea-Bissau 32
1886 Guinea-Bissau 32
1887 Guinea-Bissau 32
1888 Guinea-Bissau 32
1889 Guinea-Bissau 32
1890 Guinea-Bissau 32
1891 Guinea-Bissau 32
1892 Guinea-Bissau 32
1893 Guinea-Bissau 32
1894 Guinea-Bissau 32
1895 Guinea-Bissau 32
1896 Guinea-Bissau 32
1897 Guinea-Bissau 32
1898 Guinea-Bissau 32
1899 Guinea-Bissau 32
1900 Guinea-Bissau 32
1901 Guinea-Bissau 32
1902 Guinea-Bissau 32
1903 Guinea-Bissau 32
1904 Guinea-Bissau 32
1905 Guinea-Bissau 32
1906 Guinea-Bissau 32
1907 Guinea-Bissau 32
1908 Guinea-Bissau 32
1909 Guinea-Bissau 32
1910 Guinea-Bissau 32
1911 Guinea-Bissau 32
1912 Guinea-Bissau 32
1913 Guinea-Bissau 32
1914 Guinea-Bissau 32
1915 Guinea-Bissau 32
1916 Guinea-Bissau 32
1917 Guinea-Bissau 32
1918 Guinea-Bissau 32
1919 Guinea-Bissau 32
1920 Guinea-Bissau 32
1921 Guinea-Bissau 32
1922 Guinea-Bissau 32
1923 Guinea-Bissau 32
1924 Guinea-Bissau 32
1925 Guinea-Bissau 32
1926 Guinea-Bissau 32
1927 Guinea-Bissau 32
1928 Guinea-Bissau 32
1929 Guinea-Bissau 32
1930 Guinea-Bissau 32 32 Gapminder guesstimate
1931 Guinea-Bissau 32 32.338833 Interpolation
1932 Guinea-Bissau 33 32.677667 Interpolation
1933 Guinea-Bissau 33 33.0165 Interpolation
1934 Guinea-Bissau 33 33.355333 Interpolation
1935 Guinea-Bissau 34 33.694167 Interpolation
1936 Guinea-Bissau 34 34.033 Interpolation
1937 Guinea-Bissau 34 34.371833 Interpolation
1938 Guinea-Bissau 35 34.710667 Interpolation
1939 Guinea-Bissau 35 35.0495 Interpolation
1940 Guinea-Bissau 35 35.388333 Interpolation
1941 Guinea-Bissau 36 35.727167 Interpolation
1942 Guinea-Bissau 36 36.066 Interpolation
1943 Guinea-Bissau 36 36.404833 Interpolation
1944 Guinea-Bissau 37 36.743667 Interpolation
1945 Guinea-Bissau 37 37.0825 Interpolation
1946 Guinea-Bissau 37 37.421333 Interpolation
1947 Guinea-Bissau 38 37.760167 Interpolation
1948 Guinea-Bissau 38 38.099 Interpolation
1949 Guinea-Bissau 38 38.437833 Interpolation
1950 Guinea-Bissau 39 38.776667 Interpolation
1951 Guinea-Bissau 39 39.1155 Interpolation
1952 Guinea-Bissau 39 39.454333 Interpolation
1953 Guinea-Bissau 40 39.793167 Interpolation
1954 Guinea-Bissau 40 40.132 Interpolation
1955 Guinea-Bissau 40 40.470833 Interpolation
1956 Guinea-Bissau 41 40.809667 Interpolation
1957 Guinea-Bissau 41 41.1485 Interpolation
1958 Guinea-Bissau 41 41.487333 Interpolation
1959 Guinea-Bissau 42 41.826167 Interpolation
1848 Ireland 20.55 20.55 Estimate from Boyle & O Grada (1986).
1938 Japan 49
1939 Japan 49
1940 Japan 49 49 Gapminder guesstimate
1801 Latvia 33
1802 Latvia 33
1803 Latvia 33
1804 Latvia 33
1805 Latvia 33
1806 Latvia 33
1807 Latvia 33
1808 Latvia 33
1809 Latvia 33
1810 Latvia 33
1811 Latvia 33
1812 Latvia 33
1813 Latvia 33
1814 Latvia 33
1815 Latvia 33
1816 Latvia 33
1817 Latvia 33
1818 Latvia 33
1819 Latvia 33
1820 Latvia 33
1821 Latvia 33
1822 Latvia 33
1823 Latvia 33
1824 Latvia 33
1825 Latvia 33
1826 Latvia 33
1827 Latvia 33
1828 Latvia 33
1829 Latvia 33
1830 Latvia 33
1831 Latvia 33
1832 Latvia 33
1833 Latvia 33
1834 Latvia 33
1835 Latvia 33
1836 Latvia 33
1837 Latvia 33
1838 Latvia 33
1839 Latvia 33
1840 Latvia 33
1841 Latvia 33
1842 Latvia 33
1843 Latvia 33
1844 Latvia 33
1845 Latvia 33
1846 Latvia 33
1847 Latvia 33
1848 Latvia 33
1849 Latvia 33
1850 Latvia 33
1851 Latvia 33
1852 Latvia 33
1853 Latvia 33
1854 Latvia 33
1855 Latvia 33
1856 Latvia 33
1857 Latvia 33
1858 Latvia 33
1859 Latvia 33
1860 Latvia 33 33 Gapminder model - extrapolation from
earliest available levels
1825 Singapore 34
1826 Singapore 34
1827 Singapore 34
1828 Singapore 34
1829 Singapore 34
1830 Singapore 34
1831 Singapore 34
1832 Singapore 34
1833 Singapore 34
1834 Singapore 34
1835 Singapore 34
1836 Singapore 34
1837 Singapore 34
1838 Singapore 34
1839 Singapore 34
1840 Singapore 34
1841 Singapore 34
1842 Singapore 34
1843 Singapore 34
1844 Singapore 34
1845 Singapore 34
1846 Singapore 34
1847 Singapore 34
1848 Singapore 34
1849 Singapore 34
1850 Singapore 34
1851 Singapore 34
1852 Singapore 34
1853 Singapore 34
1854 Singapore 34
1855 Singapore 34
1856 Singapore 34
1857 Singapore 34
1858 Singapore 34
1859 Singapore 34
1860 Singapore 34
1861 Singapore 34
1862 Singapore 34
1863 Singapore 34
1864 Singapore 34
1865 Singapore 34
1866 Singapore 34
1867 Singapore 34
1868 Singapore 34
1869 Singapore 34
1870 Singapore 34
1871 Singapore 34
1872 Singapore 34
1873 Singapore 34
1874 Singapore 34
1875 Singapore 34
1876 Singapore 34
1877 Singapore 34
1878 Singapore 34
1879 Singapore 34
1880 Singapore 34
1881 Singapore 34
1882 Singapore 34
1883 Singapore 34
1884 Singapore 34
1885 Singapore 34
1886 Singapore 34
1887 Singapore 34
1888 Singapore 34
1889 Singapore 34
1890 Singapore 34
1891 Singapore 34
1892 Singapore 34
1893 Singapore 34
1894 Singapore 34
1895 Singapore 34
1896 Singapore 34
1897 Singapore 34
1898 Singapore 34
1899 Singapore 34
1900 Singapore 34
1901 Singapore 34
1902 Singapore 34
1903 Singapore 34
1904 Singapore 34
1905 Singapore 34
1906 Singapore 34
1907 Singapore 34
1908 Singapore 34
1909 Singapore 34
1910 Singapore 34
1911 Singapore 34
1912 Singapore 34
1913 Singapore 34
1914 Singapore 34
1915 Singapore 34
1916 Singapore 34
1917 Singapore 34
1918 Singapore 34
1919 Singapore 34
1920 Singapore 34 34 Gapminder model - continent average
1801 Switzerland 38
1802 Switzerland 38
1803 Switzerland 38
1804 Switzerland 38
1805 Switzerland 38
1806 Switzerland 38
1807 Switzerland 38
1808 Switzerland 38
1809 Switzerland 38
1810 Switzerland 38
1811 Switzerland 38
1812 Switzerland 38
1813 Switzerland 38
1814 Switzerland 38
1815 Switzerland 38
1816 Switzerland 38
1817 Switzerland 38
1818 Switzerland 38
1819 Switzerland 38
1820 Switzerland 38
1821 Switzerland 38
1822 Switzerland 38
1823 Switzerland 38
1824 Switzerland 38
1825 Switzerland 38
1826 Switzerland 38
1827 Switzerland 38
1828 Switzerland 38
1829 Switzerland 38
1830 Switzerland 38
1831 Switzerland 38
1832 Switzerland 38
1833 Switzerland 38
1834 Switzerland 38
1835 Switzerland 38
1836 Switzerland 38
1837 Switzerland 38
1838 Switzerland 38
1839 Switzerland 38
1840 Switzerland 38
1841 Switzerland 38
1842 Switzerland 38
1843 Switzerland 38
1844 Switzerland 38
1845 Switzerland 38
1846 Switzerland 38
1847 Switzerland 38
1848 Switzerland 38
1849 Switzerland 38
1850 Switzerland 38
1851 Switzerland 38
1852 Switzerland 38
1853 Switzerland 38
1854 Switzerland 38
1855 Switzerland 38
1856 Switzerland 38
1857 Switzerland 38
1858 Switzerland 38
1859 Switzerland 38
1860 Switzerland 38
1861 Switzerland 38
1862 Switzerland 38
1863 Switzerland 38
1864 Switzerland 38
1865 Switzerland 38
1866 Switzerland 38
1867 Switzerland 38
1868 Switzerland 38
1869 Switzerland 38
1870 Switzerland 38
1871 Switzerland 38
1872 Switzerland 38
1873 Switzerland 38
1874 Switzerland 38
1875 Switzerland 38 38 Gapminder model - continent average
1801 Vietnam 32
1802 Vietnam 32
1803 Vietnam 32
1804 Vietnam 32
1805 Vietnam 32
1806 Vietnam 32
1807 Vietnam 32
1808 Vietnam 32
1809 Vietnam 32
1810 Vietnam 32
1811 Vietnam 32
1812 Vietnam 32
1813 Vietnam 32
1814 Vietnam 32
1815 Vietnam 32
1816 Vietnam 32
1817 Vietnam 32
1818 Vietnam 32
1819 Vietnam 32
1820 Vietnam 32
1821 Vietnam 32
1822 Vietnam 32
1823 Vietnam 32
1824 Vietnam 32
1825 Vietnam 32
1826 Vietnam 32
1827 Vietnam 32
1828 Vietnam 32
1829 Vietnam 32
1830 Vietnam 32
1831 Vietnam 32
1832 Vietnam 32
1833 Vietnam 32
1834 Vietnam 32
1835 Vietnam 32
1836 Vietnam 32
1837 Vietnam 32
1838 Vietnam 32
1839 Vietnam 32
1840 Vietnam 32
1841 Vietnam 32
1842 Vietnam 32
1843 Vietnam 32
1844 Vietnam 32
1845 Vietnam 32
1846 Vietnam 32
1847 Vietnam 32
1848 Vietnam 32
1849 Vietnam 32
1850 Vietnam 32
1851 Vietnam 32
1852 Vietnam 32
1853 Vietnam 32
1854 Vietnam 32
1855 Vietnam 32
1856 Vietnam 32
1857 Vietnam 32
1858 Vietnam 32
1859 Vietnam 32
1860 Vietnam 32
1861 Vietnam 32
1862 Vietnam 32
1863 Vietnam 32
1864 Vietnam 32
1865 Vietnam 32
1866 Vietnam 32
1867 Vietnam 32
1868 Vietnam 32
1869 Vietnam 32
1870 Vietnam 32
1871 Vietnam 32
1872 Vietnam 32
1873 Vietnam 32
1874 Vietnam 32
1875 Vietnam 32
1876 Vietnam 32
1877 Vietnam 32
1878 Vietnam 32
1879 Vietnam 32
1880 Vietnam 32
1881 Vietnam 32
1882 Vietnam 32
1883 Vietnam 32
1884 Vietnam 32
1885 Vietnam 32
1886 Vietnam 32
1887 Vietnam 32
1888 Vietnam 32
1889 Vietnam 32
1890 Vietnam 32
1891 Vietnam 32
1892 Vietnam 32
1893 Vietnam 32
1894 Vietnam 32
1895 Vietnam 32
1896 Vietnam 32
1897 Vietnam 32
1898 Vietnam 32
1899 Vietnam 32
1900 Vietnam 32
1901 Vietnam 32
1902 Vietnam 32
1903 Vietnam 32
1904 Vietnam 32
1905 Vietnam 32
1906 Vietnam 32
1907 Vietnam 32
1908 Vietnam 32
1909 Vietnam 32
1910 Vietnam 32
1911 Vietnam 32
1912 Vietnam 32
1913 Vietnam 32
1914 Vietnam 32
1915 Vietnam 32
1916 Vietnam 32
1917 Vietnam 32
1918 Vietnam 32
1919 Vietnam 32
1920 Vietnam 32
1921 Vietnam 32
1922 Vietnam 32
1923 Vietnam 32
1924 Vietnam 32
1925 Vietnam 32
1926 Vietnam 32
1927 Vietnam 32
1928 Vietnam 32
1929 Vietnam 32
1930 Vietnam 32 32 Gapminder model - continent average
Condé (1973)
According to Riley, health
improvement estimated to halt
during European armies
fighting in Algeria during WW 2,
then resume at same level
Condé (1973)
Helczmanovszki,
1973
Ahmed (1963) ?
Life expectancy increases
unusually much from the
previous observation. This
coincides with a change of
sources so we suspect that this
jump is incorrect. We will
examine this in future revisions.
This estimate is from a file by
Riley. Assuming same timing of
health transition as Russia
(1900, according to Riley
2005b), this estimate also
functions as an end to the
baseline.
Since the earliest HMD estimate,
as well as average of the five
earliest estimates, are above 40,
baseline is set to 40.
The continent average seem to
be the "average beginning level"
in table 1 in Riley 2005b (the
figure fpo Africa is 31,4 years).
However, we should use the
continent average "before
transition" in table 1 in Riley
2005a (the figure for Africa is 26,4
years). This change will be done
in subsequent revisions.
The continent average seem to
be the "average beginning level"
in table 1 in Riley 2005b (the
figure fpo Africa is 31,4 years).
However, we should use the
continent average "before
transition" in table 1 in Riley
2005a (the figure for Africa is 26,4
years). This change will be done
in subsequent revisions.
Riley (2005) estimates 1930s-
40s (1940)
Assuming same timing as
Yugoslavia (total), Riley (2005b)
assumes 1900-1920 (1920)
The continent average seem to
be the "average beginning level"
in table 1 in Riley 2005b (the
figure fpo Africa is 31,4 years).
However, we should use the
continent average "before
transition" in table 1 in Riley
2005a (the figure for Africa is 26,4
years). This change will be done
in subsequent revisions.
The continent average seem to
be the "average beginning level"
in table 1 in Riley 2005b (the
figure fpo Africa is 31,4 years).
However, we should use the
continent average "before
transition" in table 1 in Riley
2005a (the figure for Africa is 26,4
years). This change will be done
in subsequent revisions.
Riley found two schools of
thought - transition either late
19th cent or 1920s or 30s - and
goes with 1920s or 30s
Riley found two schools of
thought - transition either late
19th cent or 1920s or 30s - and
goes with 1920s or 30s
Riley's online bibliography finds
for Malaysia, Straits settlement,
which includes Brunei, that
crude deaths rates declined
after 1911
Using GM model for 1800,
because earliest estimate is over
40. Riley (2005) notes that
Bulgaria is among the countries
which seem to have begun their
health transition with atypically
high levels of life expectancy,
possibly biased upwards.
too high official estimates? Riley ?
suggests deaths may be
underregistered
Cockerham (1999)
Cockerham (1999)
The continent average seem to
be the "average beginning level"
in table 1 in Riley 2005b (the
figure fpo Africa is 31,4 years).
However, we should use the
continent average "before
transition" in table 1 in Riley
2005a (the figure for Africa is 26,4
years). This change will be done
in subsequent revisions.
The continent average seem to
be the "average beginning level"
in table 1 in Riley 2005b (the
figure fpo Africa is 31,4 years).
However, we should use the
continent average "before
transition" in table 1 in Riley
2005a (the figure for Africa is 26,4
years). This change will be done
in subsequent revisions.
The continent average seem to
be the "average beginning level"
in table 1 in Riley 2005b (the
figure fpo Africa is 31,4 years).
However, we should use the
continent average "before
transition" in table 1 in Riley
2005a (the figure for Africa is 26,4
years). This change will be done
in subsequent revisions.
The continent average seem to
be the "average beginning level"
in table 1 in Riley 2005b (the
figure fpo Africa is 31,4 years).
However, we should use the
continent average "before
transition" in table 1 in Riley
2005a (the figure for Africa is 26,4
years). This change will be done
in subsequent revisions.
Riley (2005) estimates 1940s or Riley's online bibliography: Siampos, George S.
1950s (1950) Siampos estimates life 1970. “The
expectancy in the 1940s at 35 Population of
years, which is apparently an Cambodia, 1945-
informed guess. 1980,” Milbank
Memorial Fund
Quarterly 48: 317-
60.
South Cameroon Ayeni (1976)
only, may be too
high
Perez Brignolli
(1989)
Perez Brignolli
(1989)
Perez Brignolli
(1989)
Perez Brignolli
(1989)
Perez Brignolli
(1989)
Perez Brignolli
(1989)
Perez Brignolli
(1989)
Perez Brignolli
(1989)
Perez Brignolli
(1989)
Taiping rebellion started this
year. Hence, we assumed
"normal" pre-transition level up
to this year.
Caldwell et al (1986)
Caldwell et al (1986)
Caldwell et al (1986)
Caldwell et al (1986)
Caldwell et al (1986)
Using the estimate from Luo (as Luo, Sheng. 1988.
given in a file from Riley) rather Reconstruction of
than UN:WPP 2008. This is in Life Tables and Age
order to show the mortality of Distributions for the
the so-called "Great leap Population of China,
forward" which is not visible in by Year, from 1953
the WPP data since that data is to 1982.
smoothed. Unpublished PhD
dissertation,
University of
Pennsylvania.
Abstract at
http://repository.up
enn.edu/dissertation
s/AAI8816201/
Arriaga et al
The continent average seem to
be the "average beginning level"
in table 1 in Riley 2005b (the
figure fpo Africa is 31,4 years).
However, we should use the
continent average "before
transition" in table 1 in Riley
2005a (the figure for Africa is 26,4
years). This change will be done
in subsequent revisions.
The continent average seem to
be the "average beginning level"
in table 1 in Riley 2005b (the
figure fpo Africa is 31,4 years).
However, we should use the
continent average "before
transition" in table 1 in Riley
2005a (the figure for Africa is 26,4
years). This change will be done
in subsequent revisions.
Riley (2005) estimates health
transition 1930s or 40s (1940).
The continent average seem to
be the "average beginning level"
in table 1 in Riley 2005b (the
figure fpo Africa is 31,4 years).
However, we should use the
continent average "before
transition" in table 1 in Riley
2005a (the figure for Africa is 26,4
years). This change will be done
in subsequent revisions.
The continent average seem to
be the "average beginning level"
in table 1 in Riley 2005b (the
figure fpo Africa is 31,4 years).
However, we should use the
continent average "before
transition" in table 1 in Riley
2005a (the figure for Africa is 26,4
years). This change will be done
in subsequent revisions.
Rosero (1985) or
Rosero & Caamaño
(1984) or Mata &
Rosero (1988)
Riley (2005) estimates 1890s-
1920s (1890)
Rosero (1985) or
Rosero & Caamaño
(1984) or Mata &
Rosero (1988)
Rosero (1985) or
Rosero & Caamaño
(1984) or Mata &
Rosero (1988)
Rosero (1985) or
Rosero & Caamaño
(1984) or Mata &
Rosero (1988)
Rosero (1985) or
Rosero & Caamaño
(1984) or Mata &
Rosero (1988)
Rosero (1985) or
Rosero & Caamaño
(1984) or Mata &
Rosero (1988)
Rosero (1985) or
Rosero & Caamaño
(1984) or Mata &
Rosero (1988)
Extrapolated from 1950.
Extrapolated from 1950.
Assuming same timing of
health transition as Yugoslavia;
Riley (2005) assumes 1900-
1920 (1920)
Estimate for 1799 From a file by James Riley but not Garcia Quiñones
as a preferred estimate. Garcia (1996) reports
Quiñones (1996) reports Gonzalez Gonzalez Quiñones’
Quiñones’ unpublished 1994 unpublished 1994
inverse projection estimates for inverse projection
1799-1959, estimates for 1799-
1959,
St John-Jones, L.W.
1983. The
Population of
Cyprus:
Demographic Trends
and Socio-economic
Influences.
Hounslow.
St John-Jones, L.W.
1983. The
Population of
Cyprus:
Demographic Trends
and Socio-economic
Influences.
Hounslow.
St John-Jones, L.W.
1983. The
Population of
Cyprus:
Demographic Trends
and Socio-economic
Influences.
Hounslow.
St John-Jones, L.W.
1983. The
Population of
Cyprus:
Demographic Trends
and Socio-economic
Influences.
Hounslow.
St John-Jones, L.W.
1983. The
Population of
Cyprus:
Demographic Trends
and Socio-economic
Influences.
Hounslow.
Riley (2005) suggests 1890s
(1895). Riley's online
bibliography: Estimates of life
expectancy reported by Srb
(1962-63) and 13 plus crude
death rates from Chesnais
(1992) indicate that sustained
gains began in the Czech and
Slovak lands in the 1890s from
a beginning level in Czech lands
of 35 years.
Data is for the 1770s
Health transition estimated to Gapminder made a rough
start in 1770s from 33 yrs interpolation between 33 (from
Riley's bibliography) in the 1770s
and earliest estimate available,
38.35 in 1835 as given by
www.mortality.org . Riley's online
bibliography: "On the basis of
crude death rates (Andersen,
1979a, 1979b, and 1984;
Johansen, 2002; Andreev, 2002),
Denmark’s health transition
began in the 1770s when, judging
from the CDR, life expectancy
was about 33 years. Gains were
more rapid from the 1770s to the
1820s, then slower from the
1820s to the 1890s, then more
rapid again."
The continent average seem to
be the "average beginning level"
in table 1 in Riley 2005b (the
figure fpo Africa is 31,4 years).
However, we should use the
continent average "before
transition" in table 1 in Riley
2005a (the figure for Africa is 26,4
years). This change will be done
in subsequent revisions.
The continent average seem to
be the "average beginning level"
in table 1 in Riley 2005b (the
figure fpo Africa is 31,4 years).
However, we should use the
continent average "before
transition" in table 1 in Riley
2005a (the figure for Africa is 26,4
years). This change will be done
in subsequent revisions.
Riley (2005) suggests 1930s or
40s (1940)
Riley (2005) suggests 1930s or
40s (1940)
Estimate from 1930s vary from
30-32
Askar (1982)
Askar (1982)
Askar (1982)
Askar (1982)
Askar (1982)
Askar (1982)
Askar (1982)
Askar (1982)
Askar (1982)
Askar (1982)
Askar (1982)
Askar (1982)
Askar (1982)
Askar (1982)
Askar (1982)
Askar (1982)
Askar (1982)
Askar (1982)
Askar (1982)
Askar (1982)
Askar (1982)
Askar (1982)
Askar (1982)
Riley's online bibliography: Arriaga, Eduardo E.
Barón Castro (1978) reports 1968. New Life
that crude death rates began to Tables for Latin
decline in the 1920s. But the American
earliest estimate for life Populations in the
expectancy, at 28.7 years in Nineteenth and
1930, is still low (Arriaga, 1968). Twentieth Centuries.
The UN estimate of life Berkeley.
expectancy in 1949-51, at 51.1
years, indicates substantial
interim gains for infants and
the overall population
beginning in the 1930s or
1940s.
The continent average seem to
be the "average beginning level"
in table 1 in Riley 2005b (the
figure fpo Africa is 31,4 years).
However, we should use the
continent average "before
transition" in table 1 in Riley
2005a (the figure for Africa is 26,4
years). This change will be done
in subsequent revisions.
The continent average seem to
be the "average beginning level"
in table 1 in Riley 2005b (the
figure fpo Africa is 31,4 years).
However, we should use the
continent average "before
transition" in table 1 in Riley
2005a (the figure for Africa is 26,4
years). This change will be done
in subsequent revisions.
The continent average seem to
be the "average beginning level"
in table 1 in Riley 2005b (the
figure fpo Africa is 31,4 years).
However, we should use the
continent average "before
transition" in table 1 in Riley
2005a (the figure for Africa is 26,4
years). This change will be done
in subsequent revisions.
The continent average seem to
be the "average beginning level"
in table 1 in Riley 2005b (the
figure fpo Africa is 31,4 years).
However, we should use the
continent average "before
transition" in table 1 in Riley
2005a (the figure for Africa is 26,4
years). This change will be done
in subsequent revisions.
Results from the Estonian
Interuniversity Population
Research Centre show that
Estonian average life expectancy
in 1765-84 was 36-37
(http://www.popest.ee/node/29)
. Life expectancy did not begin to
improve until the 19th century
(see Katus 2000 and Riley's
bibliography), meaning that the
Gapminder modelled data in this
case is very close to the
estimated data from parish
registers.
Based on Katus (2000)
(Estonian Interuniversity
Population Research Centre)
and extrapolation of data
compiled by Riley, mortality is
assumed to start decreasing in
the later half of the 19th
century. Katus (2000) notes
that mortality decrease in
Latvia and Estonia occurred
"more or less simultaneously
with other North European
nations" (page 241), and that it
was "somewhere in the middle
of the 19th century, although
mortality had already declined
by that time compared with
traditional society" (page 242).
Results are presented at
http://www.popest.ee/node/29
Mazur (1969)
Krumins (1994)
The continent average seem to
be the "average beginning level"
in table 1 in Riley 2005b (the
figure fpo Africa is 31,4 years).
However, we should use the
continent average "before
transition" in table 1 in Riley
2005a (the figure for Africa is 26,4
years). This change will be done
in subsequent revisions.
The continent average seem to
be the "average beginning level"
in table 1 in Riley 2005b (the
figure fpo Africa is 31,4 years).
However, we should use the
continent average "before
transition" in table 1 in Riley
2005a (the figure for Africa is 26,4
years). This change will be done
in subsequent revisions.
For Fiji, Papua New Guinea and
Solomon Islands, where the
available continent average (from
Riley 2005a) was lower than 25,
the baseline was set close to 25
(with a spread out of 0.1 years
based on position in 1950, see
documentation). Gapminder
assumes that no country could
sustain a life expectancy of below
25 years over ~100 years without
significant effect on population
size.
Riley (2005) suggests 1920s For Fiji, Papua New Guinea and
(1925) Solomon Islands, where the
available continent average (from
Riley 2005a) was lower than 25,
the baseline was set to 25.
Gapminder assumes that no
country could sustain a life
expectancy of below 25 years
over ~100 years without
significant effect on population
size.
Riley (2005) suggests 1870s
(1875)
According to Riley's bibliography:
Crude death rate and life
expectancy estimates for the
eighteenth century, constructed
from parish records, show that
life expectancy began to rise in
the 1790s (Blayo, 1975) from a
beginning level of 28.1 years.
From the 1820s to the 1870s
there was little change in national
levels owing to urbanization, but
it seems likely that death rates
continued to decline, at least in
rural areas (Meslé and Vallin,
1989; Trausch, 1997; 8).
Life table type 1 used, since type Vallin J., and Meslé,
3 was not available (see F. Tables de
Gapminder documentation 004 mortalité francaises
or methodology note at pour les XIX et XX
www.lifetable.de). Life siècles et projections
expectancy aggregated from pour le XXI siècle.
male/female data assuming a sex Donneés
ratio of 0.512/0.488) Statistiques. N4-
2001
Life table type 1 used, since type Vallin J., and Meslé,
3 was not available (see F. Tables de
Gapminder documentation 004 mortalité francaises
or methodology note at pour les XIX et XX
www.lifetable.de). Life siècles et projections
expectancy aggregated from pour le XXI siècle.
male/female data assuming a sex Donneés
ratio of 0.512/0.488) Statistiques. N4-
2002
Life table type 1 used, since type Vallin J., and Meslé,
3 was not available (see F. Tables de
Gapminder documentation 004 mortalité francaises
or methodology note at pour les XIX et XX
www.lifetable.de). Life siècles et projections
expectancy aggregated from pour le XXI siècle.
male/female data assuming a sex Donneés
ratio of 0.512/0.488) Statistiques. N4-
2003
Life table type 1 used, since type Vallin J., and Meslé,
3 was not available (see F. Tables de
Gapminder documentation 004 mortalité francaises
or methodology note at pour les XIX et XX
www.lifetable.de). Life siècles et projections
expectancy aggregated from pour le XXI siècle.
male/female data assuming a sex Donneés
ratio of 0.512/0.488) Statistiques. N4-
2004
Life table type 1 used, since type Vallin J., and Meslé,
3 was not available (see F. Tables de
Gapminder documentation 004 mortalité francaises
or methodology note at pour les XIX et XX
www.lifetable.de). Life siècles et projections
expectancy aggregated from pour le XXI siècle.
male/female data assuming a sex Donneés
ratio of 0.512/0.488) Statistiques. N4-
2005
Life table type 1 used, since type Vallin J., and Meslé,
3 was not available (see F. Tables de
Gapminder documentation 004 mortalité francaises
or methodology note at pour les XIX et XX
www.lifetable.de). Life siècles et projections
expectancy aggregated from pour le XXI siècle.
male/female data assuming a sex Donneés
ratio of 0.512/0.488) Statistiques. N4-
2006
Life table type 1 used, since type Vallin J., and Meslé,
3 was not available (see F. Tables de
Gapminder documentation 004 mortalité francaises
or methodology note at pour les XIX et XX
www.lifetable.de). Life siècles et projections
expectancy aggregated from pour le XXI siècle.
male/female data assuming a sex Donneés
ratio of 0.512/0.488) Statistiques. N4-
2007
Life table type 1 used, since type Vallin J., and Meslé,
3 was not available (see F. Tables de
Gapminder documentation 004 mortalité francaises
or methodology note at pour les XIX et XX
www.lifetable.de). Life siècles et projections
expectancy aggregated from pour le XXI siècle.
male/female data assuming a sex Donneés
ratio of 0.512/0.488) Statistiques. N4-
2008
Life table type 1 used, since type Vallin J., and Meslé,
3 was not available (see F. Tables de
Gapminder documentation 004 mortalité francaises
or methodology note at pour les XIX et XX
www.lifetable.de). Life siècles et projections
expectancy aggregated from pour le XXI siècle.
male/female data assuming a sex Donneés
ratio of 0.512/0.488) Statistiques. N4-
2009
Life table type 1 used, since type Vallin J., and Meslé,
3 was not available (see F. Tables de
Gapminder documentation 004 mortalité francaises
or methodology note at pour les XIX et XX
www.lifetable.de). Life siècles et projections
expectancy aggregated from pour le XXI siècle.
male/female data assuming a sex Donneés
ratio of 0.512/0.488) Statistiques. N4-
2010
Imhof (1994)
Imhof (1994)
Imhof (1994)
Imhof (1994)
Imhof (1994)
Imhof (1994)
Imhof (1994)
Riley's online bibliography: Caldwell (1967)
Engman (1986) and Caldwell
(1967b) trace the beginning of
the health transition to the
early 20th century, probably
the 1920s,
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
too high?
There are no estimates for Japan
during the war. Based on
Japanese history and data on
civilian and military death,
Gapminder assumes a slow
improvement in survival between
1935-1937 during Japanese
occupation of China, stagnation
1937-1940 due to war and
economic embargo (1940), a
slight drop in survival by 1942
when the tide of war turns, a
larger drop 1943 when Allied
forces advance, and even greater
drop by 1944 when bombing of
mainland Japan starts and the
economy deteriorates. However,
1945 was the worst year, as the
data compiled by Riley for 1945
shows, which is consistent with
information on military and
civilian death during this time, as
well as the economic collaps. The
data compiled by Riley actually
shows a life expectancy for males
of only 23.9 years in 1945, and
37.5 for females.
There are no estimates for Japan
during the war. Based on
Japanese history and data on
civilian and military death,
Gapminder assumes a slow
improvement in survival between
1935-1937 during Japanese
occupation of China, stagnation
1937-1940 due to war and
economic embargo (1940), a
slight drop in survival by 1942
when the tide of war turns, a
larger drop 1943 when Allied
forces advance, and even greater
drop by 1944 when bombing of
mainland Japan starts and the
economy deteriorates. However,
1945 was the worst year, as the
data compiled by Riley for 1945
shows, which is consistent with
information on military and
civilian death during this time, as
well as the economic collaps. The
data compiled by Riley actually
shows a life expectancy for males
of only 23.9 years in 1945, and
37.5 for females.
There are no estimates for Japan
during the war. Based on
Japanese history and data on
civilian and military death,
Gapminder assumes a slow
improvement in survival between
1935-1937 during Japanese
occupation of China, stagnation
1937-1940 due to war and
economic embargo (1940), a
slight drop in survival by 1942
when the tide of war turns, a
larger drop 1943 when Allied
forces advance, and even greater
drop by 1944 when bombing of
mainland Japan starts and the
economy deteriorates. However,
1945 was the worst year, as the
data compiled by Riley for 1945
shows, which is consistent with
information on military and
civilian death during this time, as
well as the economic collaps. The
data compiled by Riley actually
shows a life expectancy for males
of only 23.9 years in 1945, and
37.5 for females.
There are no estimates for Japan
during the war. Based on
Japanese history and data on
civilian and military death,
Gapminder assumes a slow
improvement in survival between
1935-1937 during Japanese
occupation of China, stagnation
1937-1940 due to war and
economic embargo (1940), a
slight drop in survival by 1942
when the tide of war turns, a
larger drop 1943 when Allied
forces advance, and even greater
drop by 1944 when bombing of
mainland Japan starts and the
economy deteriorates. However,
1945 was the worst year, as the
data compiled by Riley for 1945
shows, which is consistent with
information on military and
civilian death during this time, as
well as the economic collaps. The
data compiled by Riley actually
shows a life expectancy for males
of only 23.9 years in 1945, and
37.5 for females.
There are no estimates for Japan
during the war. Based on
Japanese history and data on
civilian and military death,
Gapminder assumes a slow
improvement in survival between
1935-1937 during Japanese
occupation of China, stagnation
1937-1940 due to war and
economic embargo (1940), a
slight drop in survival by 1942
when the tide of war turns, a
larger drop 1943 when Allied
forces advance, and even greater
drop by 1944 when bombing of
mainland Japan starts and the
economy deteriorates. However,
1945 was the worst year, as the
data compiled by Riley for 1945
shows, which is consistent with
information on military and
civilian death during this time, as
well as the economic collaps. The
data compiled by Riley actually
shows a life expectancy for males
of only 23.9 years in 1945, and
37.5 for females.
Meffert
Meffert
Meffert
Meffert
Meffert
Meffert
Since the earliest estimates are
below 25, which is the limit for
what Gapminder assumes is
plausible to sustain over longer
periods, baseline was set close to
25, with a spread out of countries
based on their ranking in 1950
(see documentation for details).
Riley estimates increase in life Since the earliest estimates are
expectancy starting in 1920s or below 25, which is the limit for
1930s what Gapminder assumes is
plausible to sustain over longer
periods, baseline was set close to
25, with a spread out of countries
based on their ranking in 1950
(see documentation for details).
Riley estimates increase in life Condé for estimate
expectancy starting in 1920s or and timing; Beck
1930s 1970 and Ndege
2001 for probability
of timing.
Since the earliest estimates are
below 25, which is the limit for
what Gapminder assumes is
plausible to sustain over longer
periods, baseline was set close to
25, with a spread out of countries
based on their ranking in 1950
(see documentation for details).
Since the earliest estimates are
below 25, which is the limit for
what Gapminder assumes is
plausible to sustain over longer
periods, baseline was set close to
25, with a spread out of countries
based on their ranking in 1950
(see documentation for details).
1931-1937
Since the earliest estimate was
below 25 but adjacent years were
higher, we used a crude average
of the earliest five years as
baseline.
Riley (2005b) assumed health Since the earliest estimate was
transition started between below 25 but adjacent years were
1860-1900 (1890) Riley's higher, we used a crude average
bibliography: It is difficult to of the earliest five years as
narrow these estimates down baseline.
further than to say that life
expectancy began to rise
between the 1860s and the
1900s. Improvements in
survival were interrupted
during 1910-20 by civil war and
the influenza epidemic, but
resumed in the 1920s and
came at a fast pace between
1925 and 1960.
Bravo Becherelle, M.
A. and R. Jiménez
Reyes. 1958. Bravo
Becherelle, M. A.
and R. Jiménez
Reyes. 1958. Revista
del Instituto de
Salubridad y
Enfermedades
Tropicales 18: 81-
136.
Bravo Becherelle, M.
A. and R. Jiménez
Reyes. 1958. Bravo
Becherelle, M. A.
and R. Jiménez
Reyes. 1958. Revista
del Instituto de
Salubridad y
Enfermedades
Tropicales 18: 81-
136.
Bravo Becherelle, M.
A. and R. Jiménez
Reyes. 1958. Bravo
Becherelle, M. A.
and R. Jiménez
Reyes. 1958. Revista
del Instituto de
Salubridad y
Enfermedades
Tropicales 18: 81-
136.
Bravo Becherelle, M.
A. and R. Jiménez
Reyes. 1958. Bravo
Becherelle, M. A.
and R. Jiménez
Reyes. 1958. Revista
del Instituto de
Salubridad y
Enfermedades
Tropicales 18: 81-
136.
Bravo Becherelle, M.
A. and R. Jiménez
Reyes. 1958. Bravo
Becherelle, M. A.
and R. Jiménez
Reyes. 1958. Revista
del Instituto de
Salubridad y
Enfermedades
Tropicales 18: 81-
136.
Bravo Becherelle, M.
A. and R. Jiménez
Reyes. 1958. Bravo
Becherelle, M. A.
and R. Jiménez
Reyes. 1958. Revista
del Instituto de
Salubridad y
Enfermedades
Tropicales 18: 81-
136.
Bravo Becherelle, M.
A. and R. Jiménez
Reyes. 1958. Bravo
Becherelle, M. A.
and R. Jiménez
Reyes. 1958. Revista
del Instituto de
Salubridad y
Enfermedades
Tropicales 18: 81-
136.
Bravo Becherelle, M.
A. and R. Jiménez
Reyes. 1958. Bravo
Becherelle, M. A.
and R. Jiménez
Reyes. 1958. Revista
del Instituto de
Salubridad y
Enfermedades
Tropicales 18: 81-
136.
Bravo Becherelle, M.
A. and R. Jiménez
Reyes. 1958. Bravo
Becherelle, M. A.
and R. Jiménez
Reyes. 1958. Revista
del Instituto de
Salubridad y
Enfermedades
Tropicales 18: 81-
136.
Bravo Becherelle, M.
A. and R. Jiménez
Reyes. 1958. Bravo
Becherelle, M. A.
and R. Jiménez
Reyes. 1958. Revista
del Instituto de
Salubridad y
Enfermedades
Tropicales 18: 81-
136.
Bravo Becherelle, M.
A. and R. Jiménez
Reyes. 1958. Bravo
Becherelle, M. A.
and R. Jiménez
Reyes. 1958. Revista
del Instituto de
Salubridad y
Enfermedades
Tropicales 18: 81-
136.
Bravo Becherelle, M.
A. and R. Jiménez
Reyes. 1958. Bravo
Becherelle, M. A.
and R. Jiménez
Reyes. 1958. Revista
del Instituto de
Salubridad y
Enfermedades
Tropicales 18: 81-
136.
Bravo Becherelle, M.
A. and R. Jiménez
Reyes. 1958. Bravo
Becherelle, M. A.
and R. Jiménez
Reyes. 1958. Revista
del Instituto de
Salubridad y
Enfermedades
Tropicales 18: 81-
136.
Bravo Becherelle, M.
A. and R. Jiménez
Reyes. 1958. Bravo
Becherelle, M. A.
and R. Jiménez
Reyes. 1958. Revista
del Instituto de
Salubridad y
Enfermedades
Tropicales 18: 81-
136.
Bravo Becherelle, M.
A. and R. Jiménez
Reyes. 1958. Bravo
Becherelle, M. A.
and R. Jiménez
Reyes. 1958. Revista
del Instituto de
Salubridad y
Enfermedades
Tropicales 18: 81-
136.
Bravo Becherelle, M.
A. and R. Jiménez
Reyes. 1958. Bravo
Becherelle, M. A.
and R. Jiménez
Reyes. 1958. Revista
del Instituto de
Salubridad y
Enfermedades
Tropicales 18: 81-
136.
Bravo Becherelle, M.
A. and R. Jiménez
Reyes. 1958. Bravo
Becherelle, M. A.
and R. Jiménez
Reyes. 1958. Revista
del Instituto de
Salubridad y
Enfermedades
Tropicales 18: 81-
136.
Bravo Becherelle, M.
A. and R. Jiménez
Reyes. 1958. Bravo
Becherelle, M. A.
and R. Jiménez
Reyes. 1958. Revista
del Instituto de
Salubridad y
Enfermedades
Tropicales 18: 81-
136.
Bravo Becherelle, M.
A. and R. Jiménez
Reyes. 1958. Bravo
Becherelle, M. A.
and R. Jiménez
Reyes. 1958. Revista
del Instituto de
Salubridad y
Enfermedades
Tropicales 18: 81-
136.
Bravo Becherelle, M.
A. and R. Jiménez
Reyes. 1958. Bravo
Becherelle, M. A.
and R. Jiménez
Reyes. 1958. Revista
del Instituto de
Salubridad y
Enfermedades
Tropicales 18: 81-
136.
Bravo Becherelle, M.
A. and R. Jiménez
Reyes. 1958. Bravo
Becherelle, M. A.
and R. Jiménez
Reyes. 1958. Revista
del Instituto de
Salubridad y
Enfermedades
Tropicales 18: 81-
136.
Bravo Becherelle, M.
A. and R. Jiménez
Reyes. 1958. Bravo
Becherelle, M. A.
and R. Jiménez
Reyes. 1958. Revista
del Instituto de
Salubridad y
Enfermedades
Tropicales 18: 81-
136.
Bravo Becherelle, M.
A. and R. Jiménez
Reyes. 1958. Bravo
Becherelle, M. A.
and R. Jiménez
Reyes. 1958. Revista
del Instituto de
Salubridad y
Enfermedades
Tropicales 18: 81-
136.
Bravo Becherelle, M.
A. and R. Jiménez
Reyes. 1958. Bravo
Becherelle, M. A.
and R. Jiménez
Reyes. 1958. Revista
del Instituto de
Salubridad y
Enfermedades
Tropicales 18: 81-
136.
Bravo Becherelle, M.
A. and R. Jiménez
Reyes. 1958. Bravo
Becherelle, M. A.
and R. Jiménez
Reyes. 1958. Revista
del Instituto de
Salubridad y
Enfermedades
Tropicales 18: 81-
136.
Bravo Becherelle, M.
A. and R. Jiménez
Reyes. 1958. Bravo
Becherelle, M. A.
and R. Jiménez
Reyes. 1958. Revista
del Instituto de
Salubridad y
Enfermedades
Tropicales 18: 81-
136.
Bravo Becherelle, M.
A. and R. Jiménez
Reyes. 1958. Bravo
Becherelle, M. A.
and R. Jiménez
Reyes. 1958. Revista
del Instituto de
Salubridad y
Enfermedades
Tropicales 18: 81-
136.
Bravo Becherelle, M.
A. and R. Jiménez
Reyes. 1958. Bravo
Becherelle, M. A.
and R. Jiménez
Reyes. 1958. Revista
del Instituto de
Salubridad y
Enfermedades
Tropicales 18: 81-
136.
Bravo Becherelle, M.
A. and R. Jiménez
Reyes. 1958. Bravo
Becherelle, M. A.
and R. Jiménez
Reyes. 1958. Revista
del Instituto de
Salubridad y
Enfermedades
Tropicales 18: 81-
136.
Bravo Becherelle, M.
A. and R. Jiménez
Reyes. 1958. Bravo
Becherelle, M. A.
and R. Jiménez
Reyes. 1958. Revista
del Instituto de
Salubridad y
Enfermedades
Tropicales 18: 81-
136.
Bravo Becherelle, M.
A. and R. Jiménez
Reyes. 1958. Bravo
Becherelle, M. A.
and R. Jiménez
Reyes. 1958. Revista
del Instituto de
Salubridad y
Enfermedades
Tropicales 18: 81-
136.
Bravo Becherelle, M.
A. and R. Jiménez
Reyes. 1958. Bravo
Becherelle, M. A.
and R. Jiménez
Reyes. 1958. Revista
del Instituto de
Salubridad y
Enfermedades
Tropicales 18: 81-
136.
Bravo Becherelle, M.
A. and R. Jiménez
Reyes. 1958. Bravo
Becherelle, M. A.
and R. Jiménez
Reyes. 1958. Revista
del Instituto de
Salubridad y
Enfermedades
Tropicales 18: 81-
136.
Bravo Becherelle, M.
A. and R. Jiménez
Reyes. 1958. Bravo
Becherelle, M. A.
and R. Jiménez
Reyes. 1958. Revista
del Instituto de
Salubridad y
Enfermedades
Tropicales 18: 81-
136.
Bravo Becherelle, M.
A. and R. Jiménez
Reyes. 1958. Bravo
Becherelle, M. A.
and R. Jiménez
Reyes. 1958. Revista
del Instituto de
Salubridad y
Enfermedades
Tropicales 18: 81-
136.
Bravo Becherelle, M.
A. and R. Jiménez
Reyes. 1958. Bravo
Becherelle, M. A.
and R. Jiménez
Reyes. 1958. Revista
del Instituto de
Salubridad y
Enfermedades
Tropicales 18: 81-
136.
Bravo Becherelle, M.
A. and R. Jiménez
Reyes. 1958. Bravo
Becherelle, M. A.
and R. Jiménez
Reyes. 1958. Revista
del Instituto de
Salubridad y
Enfermedades
Tropicales 18: 81-
136.
Bravo Becherelle, M.
A. and R. Jiménez
Reyes. 1958. Bravo
Becherelle, M. A.
and R. Jiménez
Reyes. 1958. Revista
del Instituto de
Salubridad y
Enfermedades
Tropicales 18: 81-
136.
Bravo Becherelle, M.
A. and R. Jiménez
Reyes. 1958. Bravo
Becherelle, M. A.
and R. Jiménez
Reyes. 1958. Revista
del Instituto de
Salubridad y
Enfermedades
Tropicales 18: 81-
136.
Bravo Becherelle, M.
A. and R. Jiménez
Reyes. 1958. Bravo
Becherelle, M. A.
and R. Jiménez
Reyes. 1958. Revista
del Instituto de
Salubridad y
Enfermedades
Tropicales 18: 81-
136.
Bravo Becherelle, M.
A. and R. Jiménez
Reyes. 1958. Bravo
Becherelle, M. A.
and R. Jiménez
Reyes. 1958. Revista
del Instituto de
Salubridad y
Enfermedades
Tropicales 18: 81-
136.
Bravo Becherelle, M.
A. and R. Jiménez
Reyes. 1958. Bravo
Becherelle, M. A.
and R. Jiménez
Reyes. 1958. Revista
del Instituto de
Salubridad y
Enfermedades
Tropicales 18: 81-
136.
Riley (2005b) suggests 1940s or
50s (1950)
Assuming timing same as
Yugoslavia total. Riley (2005)
assumes 1900s-20s 1920)
Riley-bib: Life expectancy
probably began to rise and
infant mortality to decline
either in the 1930s or in the
postwar 1940s.
Riley (2005) suggests that
mortality probably started to
decline in the 1940s or 50s
(1950).
Extrapolated from 1926 level
(which is from the Riley file)
war adjustment: Japanese
invasion started at the end of
previous year
During a famine
Riley's online bibliography:
Several authorities describe the
period 1875-1905 as one of
recurrent crises caused by
epidemics and war, and this
picture is affirmed by CDR
estimates in Smith (1975).
during a famine. Spanish flu?
Harewood (1975)
and Abdulah
(1985) ?
Harewood (1975)
and Abdulah
(1985) ?
Riley's online bibliography:
"According to estimates of life
expectancy provided by Condé
(1973), overall mortality began to
decline in the 1920s from a
beginning level of some 28.8
years. B’Chir (1981) and B’Chir
and Tabutin (1980) detect decline
before World War II, as does
Seklanie (1967-68), but all are
indefinite about a beginning
period. Correcting for
underregistration of deaths,
Waltisperger et al. (2001) adjust
Seklanie’s estimates of life
expectancy and infant mortality
downward, but not so far down
as to exclude the possibility of
gains in survival before World
War II. Tunisia's health transition
is estimated to have begun in the
1920s."
Riley's online bibliography: Condé (1973) ?
"According to estimates of life
expectancy provided by Condé
(1973), overall mortality began
to decline in the 1920s from a
beginning level of some 28.8
years. B’Chir (1981) and B’Chir
and Tabutin (1980) detect
decline before World War II, as
does Seklanie (1967-68), but all
are indefinite about a
beginning period. Correcting
for underregistration of deaths,
Waltisperger et al. (2001)
adjust Seklanie’s estimates of
life expectancy and infant
mortality downward, but not so
far down as to exclude the
possibility of gains in survival
before World War II. Tunisia's
health transition is estimated to
have begun in the 1920s."
Riley's online bibliography:
"According to estimates of life
expectancy provided by Condé
(1973), overall mortality began
to decline in the 1920s from a
beginning level of some 28.8
years. B’Chir (1981) and B’Chir
and Tabutin (1980) detect
decline before World War II, as
does Seklanie (1967-68), but all
are indefinite about a
beginning period. Correcting
for underregistration of deaths,
Waltisperger et al. (2001)
adjust Seklanie’s estimates of
life expectancy and infant
mortality downward, but not so
far down as to exclude the
possibility of gains in survival
before World War II. Tunisia's
health transition is estimated to
have begun in the 1920s."
Riley's online bibliography:
"According to estimates of life
expectancy provided by Condé
(1973), overall mortality began
to decline in the 1920s from a
beginning level of some 28.8
years. B’Chir (1981) and B’Chir
and Tabutin (1980) detect
decline before World War II, as
does Seklanie (1967-68), but all
are indefinite about a
beginning period. Correcting
for underregistration of deaths,
Waltisperger et al. (2001)
adjust Seklanie’s estimates of
life expectancy and infant
mortality downward, but not so
far down as to exclude the
possibility of gains in survival
before World War II. Tunisia's
health transition is estimated to
have begun in the 1920s."
Riley's online bibliography:
"Population of Turkey (1995)
locates the beginning of gains
in life expectancy in the 1920s;
Shorter and Macura (1982)
prefer before 1935 as the point
of initiation. The health
transition is estimated to have
begun in the 1920s or 1930s,
but the beginning level is
unknown."
Life expectancy increases
unusually much from the
previous observation. This
coincides with a change of
sources so we suspect that this
jump is incorrect. We will
examine this in future revisions.
According to Riley's online
bibliography, life expectancy
began to rise in the 1930s from a
beginning level of some 23.9
years. But since this is under 25,
which is the limit for what
Gapminder assumes is plausible
to sustain over longer periods,
baseline was set close to 25, with
a spread out of countries based
on their ranking in 1950 (see
documentation for details). This
might be low however.
According to Riley's online
bibliography, life expectancy
began to rise in the 1930s from
a beginning level of some 23.9
years. But since this is under
25which is the limit for what
Gapminder assumes is plausible
to sustain over longer periods,
baseline was set close to 25,
with a spread out of countries
based on their ranking in 1950
(see documentation for
details). This might be low
however.
Condé (1973)
Riley's online bibliography:
"Mazur (1969) reports life
expectancy around 1900 at 36.6
years. That plus the estimates
from Meslé and Vallin (2003)
suggest that life expectancy
began to improve in the period
from the 1890s to the 1920s."
Riley (2005b) suggests 1890s-
1920s (1920)
28.211 5
28.211
28.358
28.651
28.947
29.246
29.547
29.852
30.161
30.475
30.796
31.126
31.468
31.824
32.195
32.58
32.976
33.381
33.79
34.201
34.613
35.031
35.462
35.91
36.373
36.845
37.314
37.769
38.197
38.589
38.941
39.252
39.522
39.764
39.984
40.19
40.387
40.581
40.773
40.962
41.145
41.316
41.464
41.582
41.668
41.723
41.752
41.758
41.754
41.754
41.772
41.825
41.929
42.087
42.301
42.568
42.88
43.225
43.584
43.943
44.296
35.4 5
35.4 5
54.16
54.369
54.845
55.438
56.15
56.978
57.912
58.939
60.035
61.156
62.253
63.272
64.161
64.886
65.437
65.828
66.099
66.309
66.512
66.732
66.98
67.253
67.53
67.797
68.055
68.308
68.56
68.817
69.083
69.36
69.656
69.976
70.317
70.668
71.018
71.338
71.597
71.779
71.881
71.913
71.895
71.857
71.837
71.869
71.972
72.169
72.473
72.868
73.331
73.839
74.361
74.861
75.309
75.688
75.987
76.209
76.369
76.496
76.616
76.74
28.8 5
28.8224
31.22
33.72 5
33.72
33.72 5
42.019
42.286
42.817
43.344
43.866
44.383
44.897
45.408
45.919
46.433
46.955
47.491
48.043
48.615
49.207
49.816
50.435
51.058
51.682
52.305
52.931
53.565
54.213
54.877
55.556
56.244
56.93
57.609
58.279
58.945
59.626
60.349
61.126
61.955
62.821
63.694
64.533
65.302
65.974
66.54
66.999
67.363
67.666
67.938
68.199
68.466
68.753
69.059
69.384
69.727
70.083
70.441
70.789
71.116
71.42
71.699
71.958
72.202
72.44
72.672
26.98 5
26.98
29.22
29.417
29.812
30.207
30.603
31.001
31.399
31.798
32.197
32.598
32.998
33.399
33.8
34.2
34.6
35
35.4
35.799
36.199
36.599
37.002
37.414
37.834
38.258
38.679
39.085
39.463
39.802
40.096
40.344
40.547
40.71
40.845
40.965
41.08
41.199
41.331
41.477
41.637
41.809
41.987
42.16
42.318
42.459
42.586
42.704
42.824
42.958
43.12
43.319
43.564
43.863
44.215
44.612
45.05
45.523
46.023
46.54
47.061
47.576
33.2 5
33.2
33.1
32.6
34
33.3
36.8
39.7
43.5
46.2
50.2
52.6
54.3
54.3
59.1
62
61.607
61.916
62.506
63.039
63.516
63.935
64.299
64.607
64.862
65.067
65.228
65.35
65.444
65.522
65.596
65.684
65.8
65.948
66.132
66.353
66.607
66.888
67.181
67.477
67.77
68.06
68.349
68.641
68.939
69.237
69.528
69.801
70.049
70.272
70.469
70.647
70.814
70.983
71.162
71.354
71.561
71.78
72.007
72.234
72.46
72.683
72.904
73.123
73.34
73.554
73.766
73.974
74.179
74.381
74.579
74.773
74.963
75.15
75.335
75.516
61.938
62.152
62.581
63.009
63.435
63.859
64.283
64.707
65.13
65.556
65.985
66.418
66.856
67.298
67.738
68.177
68.613
69.041
69.452
69.835
70.169
70.435
70.625
70.74
70.787
70.791
70.787
70.798
70.836
70.892
70.933
70.907
70.775
70.521
70.155
69.706
69.217
68.748
68.351
68.057
67.892
67.865
67.956
68.142
68.413
68.762
69.181
69.654
70.16
70.679
71.186
71.661
72.098
72.491
72.834
73.129
73.382
73.608
73.821
74.029
58.426
58.967
60.011
60.978
61.869
62.683
63.422
64.087
64.681
65.209
65.676
66.092
66.466
66.811
67.138
67.46
67.786
68.118
68.457
68.805
69.16
69.517
69.868
70.208
70.534
70.847
71.152
71.451
71.746
72.032
72.302
72.546
72.759
72.935
73.075
73.182
73.262
73.325
73.377
73.424
73.466
73.502
73.527
73.543
73.552
73.557
73.562
73.572
73.592
73.626
73.679
73.757
73.859
73.982
74.124
74.279
74.443
74.608
74.769
74.924
34.05 5
34.05 5
61.04
62.89
61.73
62.53
63.22
62.94
62.91
62.96
63.15
64.96
65.39
65.69
65.52
64.88
65.15
65.27
65.83
65.87
65.82
66.26
66.14
65.88
66.4
68.03
68.46
67.98
68.59
68.51
69.13
69.02
68.72
69.12
69.7
69.85
70.17
70.05
70.33
70.88
70.45
70.89
71.16
70.93
70.99
70.65
70.98
70.82
71.1
70.73
71.14
70.81
71.41
71.93
72.14
71.89
72.84
72.88
73.49
73.88
74.44
74.6
74.96
74.74
75.55
76.02
75.45
76.13
76.32
76.35
76.45
77.05
77.54
77.54
78.07
78.07
78.45
78.53
78.79
79.28
79.53
79.93
80.27
80.29
80.69
81.04
81.44
81.63
81.67
81.567
81.714
34.4 5
34.4
35
37.3
42
40.1
45.1
56.452
61.31 1
63.24 1
63.43 1
64.88 1
65.26 1
66.8 1
67.29 1
67.32 1
67.6 1
67.72 1
67.48 1
68.49 1
68.42 1
68.78 1
69.75 1
69.54 1
69.67 1
70.16 1
69.95 1
70.26 1
70.14 1
70.29 1
70.06 1
70.11 1
70.31 1
70.63 1
71.21 1
71.2 1
71.33 1
71.82 1
72.17 1
72.25 1
72.56 1
72.7 1
73.02 1
73.18 1
73.25 1
73.79 1
74.01 1
74.49 1
74.93 1
75.41 1
75.5 1
75.77 1
75.83 1
76.04 1
76.27 1
76.59 1
76.83 1
77.1 1
77.5 1
77.87 1
78.05 1
78.33 1
78.83 1
78.96 1
78.96 1
79.47 1
79.64 1
80.1 1
80.3 1
80.51
80.234
57.15
57.354
57.761
58.168
58.573
58.978
59.383
59.787
60.192
60.599
61.008
61.421
61.836
62.253
62.668
63.082
63.497
63.907
64.303
64.673
64.995
65.247
65.417
65.504
65.512
65.454
65.344
65.21
65.08
64.973
64.917
64.933
65.02
65.165
65.355
65.554
65.719
65.818
65.836
65.773
65.649
65.494
65.354
65.27
65.264
65.358
65.562
65.86
66.233
66.665
67.137
67.627
68.114
68.578
69.007
69.391
69.732
70.041
70.328
70.595
58.62
58.945
59.576
60.171
60.729
61.251
61.739
62.192
62.615
63.011
63.386
63.746
64.096
64.437
64.77
65.088
65.382
65.644
65.871
66.063
66.223
66.357
66.474
66.586
66.701
66.826
66.966
67.122
67.296
67.49
67.712
67.97
68.26
68.574
68.897
69.209
69.485
69.709
69.868
69.96
69.981
69.934
69.84
69.728
69.619
69.546
69.537
69.607
69.762
70.005
70.328
70.715
71.138
71.571
72.001
72.419
72.821
73.214
73.602
73.983
30.3 5
30.3 5
49.837
50.106
50.648
51.203
51.768
52.345
52.933
53.53
54.136
54.747
55.361
55.974
56.584
57.19
57.793
58.401
59.022
59.662
60.321
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61.657
62.295
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63.44
63.946
64.434
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65.472
66.061
66.695
67.354
68.003
68.607
69.142
69.602
69.995
70.343
70.676
71.015
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72.103
72.46
72.792
73.094
73.365
73.605
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74.02
74.206
74.382
74.555
74.725
74.894
75.063
75.234
75.403
75.568
75.727
75.881
25.5 5
25.5
23.2
22
21.5
24.9
36.749
36.939
37.316
37.687
38.052
38.412
38.768
39.122
39.476
39.836
40.209
40.599
41.01
41.441
41.884
42.325
42.745
43.13
43.472
43.772
44.03
44.254
44.463
44.679
44.918
45.204
45.558
45.984
46.482
47.048
47.669
48.324
48.992
49.651
50.295
50.917
51.52
52.119
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53.34
53.977
54.642
55.335
56.055
56.797
57.556
58.323
59.088
59.841
60.575
61.29
61.985
62.665
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64.582
65.15
65.67
66.139
66.56
54.593
55.291
56.645
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60.216
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62.182
63.04
63.814
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66.099
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67.527
67.847
68.175
68.518
68.878
69.247
69.619
69.993
70.364
70.73
71.087
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71.767
72.088
72.4
72.703
73
73.288
73.564
73.826
74.07
74.292
74.49
74.657
74.786
74.879
74.941
74.98
75.009
75.041
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75.162
75.268
75.411
75.593
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76.034
76.279
76.531
76.785
77.035
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77.509
36.2 5
36.2
65.022
65.247
65.692
66.125
66.548
66.958
67.357
67.742
68.111
69.06 2
71.85 2
72.57 2
71.29 2
71.95 2
73.48 2
73.02 2
73.38 2
73.13 2
73.24 2
72.84 2
72.32 2
72.96 2
72.67 2
72.71 2
73.01 2
72.08 2
71.92 2
71.86 2
71.72 2
71.32 2
71.08 2
71.36 2
71.49 2
71.28 2
70.65 2
70.86 2
72.25 2
72.15 2
71.89 2
71.68 2
71.14 2
70.58 2
70.16 2
69.05 2
68.81 2
68.42 2
68.56 2
68.37 2
68.37 2
67.97 2
68.99 2
68.61 2
68.17 2
68.71 2
69.09 2
68.84 2
69.51
70.41
69.194
69.403
40 5
40.33
38.66 1
40.36 1
41.9 1
41.03 1
37.83 1
35.11 1
38.04 1
34.5 1
42.28 1
41.88 1
41.77 1
41.33 1
39.78 1
37.49 1
40.92 1
40.49 1
40.18 1
38.98 1
45.12 1
41.27 1
43.12 1
41.33 1
39.81 1
37.74 1
32.47 1
43.08 1
42.56 1
42.58 1
40.92 1
34.35 1
40.04 1
43.48 1
44.67 1
42.17 1
43.68 1
44.48 1
44.24 1
43.84 1
42.48 1
44.42 1
45.54 1
44.89 1
44.24 1
45.48 1
43.36 1
46.06 1
44.92 1
45.07 1
44.14 1
44.06 1
43.16 1
44.44 1
46.65 1
45.46 1
48.06 1
48.82 1
48.12 1
46.49 1
46.59 1
49.44 1
49.18 1
49.26 1
49.32 1
50.01 1
49.74 1
51.11 1
49.7 1
50.7 1
51.37 1
49.25 1
52.26 1
52.51 1
49.86 1
53.66 1
54.75 1
55.15 1
56.77 1
57.51 1
57.16 1
56.97 1
57.2 1
57.53 1
55.07 1
57.17 1
58.51 1
58.59 1
58.76 1
60.42 1
60.01 1
60.01 1
60 1
60.15 1
60.01 1
55.96 1
58.95 1
59.2 1
60.39 1
56.94 1
58.39 1
61.92 1
63.46 1
64.98 1
65.48 1
66.35 1
66.8 1
68 1
68.37 1
68.63 1
68.58 1
68.87 1
69.24 1
69.93 1
70.33 1
69.65 1
70.52 1
70.25 1
70.06 1
70.73 1
70.58 1
70.65 1
70.94 1
70.63 1
70.71 1
70.97 1
71.1 1
71.44 1
71.65 1
72.01 1
72 1
72.15 1
72.8 1
72.75 1
73.24 1
73.29 1
73.7 1
73.93 1
73.93 1
74.43 1
74.54 1
74.74 1
75.35 1
75.66 1
75.73 1
76.14 1
76.3 1
76.46 1
76.47 1
76.82 1
76.97 1
77.31 1
77.53 1
77.62 1
77.8 1
77.91 1
78.22 1
78.32 1
78.47 1
79.12 1
79.21 1
79.55
79.49
79.777
80.047
56.666
56.918
57.422
57.925
58.427
58.929
59.429
59.929
60.429
60.929
61.429
61.93
62.432
62.934
63.437
63.939
64.441
64.94
65.437
65.929
66.415
66.895
67.369
67.834
68.287
68.729
69.158
69.573
69.971
70.346
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71.001
71.27
71.498
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71.945
72.023
72.082
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72.191
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73.889
74.114
74.343
74.588
74.853
75.138
75.437
75.742
76.042
76.33
76.602
31 5
31 5
36.525
36.733
37.153
37.579
38.012
38.452
38.897
39.348
39.804
40.263
40.723
41.182
41.64
42.096
42.551
43.009
43.473
43.947
44.433
44.934
45.452
45.991
46.548
47.116
47.687
48.248
48.785
49.289
49.752
50.172
50.544
50.867
51.154
51.419
51.676
51.942
52.236
52.569
52.946
53.369
53.835
54.337
54.858
55.381
55.893
56.383
56.837
57.257
57.644
58.003
58.343
58.678
59.021
59.382
59.766
60.172
60.598
61.032
61.466
61.894
36.041
36.044
36.062
36.104
36.17
36.26
36.375
36.513
36.676
36.863
37.076
37.313
37.576
37.864
38.177
38.516
38.88
39.268
39.681
40.116
40.575
41.058
41.564
42.092
42.641
43.209
43.797
44.405
45.026
45.657
46.287
46.906
47.509
48.097
48.673
49.246
49.828
50.432
51.07
51.748
52.471
53.24
54.049
54.888
55.753
56.645
57.568
58.517
59.478
60.434
61.357
62.219
63.001
63.695
64.298
64.815
65.262
65.665
66.048
66.421
33 5
33
33 5
39.869
40.01
40.294
40.581
40.871
41.164
41.459
41.757
42.058
42.362
42.669
42.978
43.29
43.605
43.923
44.239
44.545
44.843
45.139
45.441
45.768
46.136
46.56
47.049
47.605
48.23
48.916
49.649
50.409
51.185
51.964
52.739
53.506
54.258
54.989
55.692
56.366
57.012
57.632
58.223
58.782
59.306
59.796
60.254
60.684
61.091
61.48
61.856
62.224
62.589
62.951
63.311
63.665
64.013
64.354
64.69
65.023
65.353
65.682
66.01
35.1 5
35.1 5
51.683
52.242
53.335
54.379
55.373
56.318
57.214
58.062
58.862
59.617
60.33
61.005
61.647
62.26
62.852
63.427
63.991
64.544
65.088
65.625
66.162
66.702
67.244
67.781
68.303
68.797
69.245
69.636
69.963
70.225
70.452
70.686
70.942
71.207
71.439
71.501
71.219
70.526
69.45
68.101
66.738
65.692
65.215
65.44
66.365
67.847
69.628
71.377
72.829
73.877
74.488
74.724
74.765
74.762
74.769
74.821
74.927
75.061
75.199
75.344
33.6 5
33.6 5
46.82
47.024
47.432
47.839
48.245
48.65
49.052
49.451
49.846
50.234
50.611
50.977
51.331
51.676
52.018
52.368
52.737
53.134
53.567
54.041
54.561
55.132
55.745
56.386
57.044
57.7
58.332
58.93
59.484
59.991
60.463
60.92
61.379
61.845
62.309
62.77
63.227
63.652
63.999
64.222
64.24
63.97
63.381
62.469
61.257
59.755
57.984
56.046
54.077
52.209
50.646
49.59
49.114
49.221
49.87
50.921
52.172
53.392
54.401
55.118
32 5
31.9768
32 5
36.64072
42.3
49.972
50.204
50.67
51.14
51.614
52.093
52.576
53.061
53.546
54.03
54.507
54.974
55.428
55.864
56.284
56.687
57.075
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58.196
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59.324
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62.069
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62.841
63.222
63.602
63.982
64.361
64.739
65.117
65.495
65.875
66.26
66.653
67.055
67.465
67.88
68.295
68.704
69.102
69.483
69.845
70.187
70.51
70.816
71.111
71.395
71.669
71.934
72.19
72.439
72.682
29.2 5
29.2 5
59.999
60.081
60.255
60.443
60.646
60.864
61.097
61.344
61.605
61.877
62.16
62.454
62.76
63.082
63.426
63.813
64.266
64.791
65.383
66.027
66.686
67.32
67.892
68.381
68.782
69.107
69.385
69.655
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70.27
70.628
71.011
71.399
71.774
72.131
72.465
72.775
73.065
73.341
73.603
73.854
74.094
74.327
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75.39
75.577
75.755
75.927
76.093
76.257
76.42
76.582
76.741
76.897
77.047
77.188
77.321
35.8 5
40.2
42.5
43.3
44.6
45.3
48.3
51.8
54.08 1
55.79 1
57.92 1
61.39 1
60.63 1
59.6 1
64.14 1
64.4 1
64.81 1
65.21 1
66.61 1
68.71 1
66.57 1
69.18 1
70.22 1
69.51 1
70.34 1
71.14 1
71.3 1
71.23 1
70.42 1
71.25 1
70.43 1
71.27 1
70.87 1
70.9 1
71.34 1
71.2 1
71.05 1
71.38 1
70.81 1
71.17 1
71.27 1
71.1 1
71.49 1
71.08 1
71.25 1
71.35 1
71.07 1
71.55 1
71.34 1
71.4 1
71.46 1
71.31 1
71.19 1
71.19 1
71.18 1
70.85 1
70.95 1
70.85 1
70.32 1
70.91 1
71.57 1
71.59 1
71.9 1
72.14 1
72.35 1
72.54 1
72.53 1
72.64
72.95
73.317
73.534
29.2 5
29.2 5
32.888
33.085
33.486
33.904
34.34
34.792
35.261
35.745
36.24
36.745
37.252
37.757
38.253
38.734
39.195
39.632
40.041
40.426
40.79
41.139
41.479
41.821
42.17
42.528
42.897
43.27
43.639
43.996
44.334
44.651
44.946
45.224
45.492
45.754
46.012
46.266
46.513
46.749
46.977
47.199
47.42
47.647
47.885
48.139
48.41
48.702
49.013
49.34
49.678
50.024
50.373
50.723
51.071
51.416
51.755
52.088
52.415
52.739
53.06
53.381
31.5 5
31.5 5
38.422
38.575
38.881
39.184
39.486
39.786
40.084
40.383
40.682
40.984
41.291
41.605
41.925
42.248
42.568
42.869
43.133
43.352
43.525
43.662
43.781
43.91
44.072
44.284
44.551
44.873
45.24
45.631
46.021
46.398
46.757
47.106
47.44
47.747
48.003
48.152
48.129
47.914
47.517
46.973
46.355
45.757
45.268
44.955
44.848
44.949
45.225
45.606
46.028
46.466
46.901
47.332
47.77
48.224
48.685
49.149
49.61
50.064
50.51
50.945
35 5
35
38.588
38.801
39.222
39.63
40.027
40.412
40.792
41.17
41.553
41.96
42.404
42.895
43.432
43.991
44.529
44.976
45.256
45.307
45.082
44.557
43.625
42.174
40.271
38.085
35.839
33.96
32.931
33.02
34.319
36.75
40.02
43.67
47.163
50.079
52.23
53.565
54.204
54.466
54.623
54.77
54.964
55.208
55.448
55.648
55.822
55.986
56.152
56.332
56.536
56.78
57.077
57.441
57.867
58.348
58.876
59.436
60.011
60.583
61.138
61.668
28.75 5
28.75
28.75 5
37.851
38.013
38.344
38.692
39.055
39.434
39.828
40.237
40.659
41.091
41.531
41.975
42.42
42.863
43.303
43.74
44.174
44.611
45.05
45.494
45.939
46.381
46.818
47.255
47.697
48.158
48.656
49.199
49.789
50.417
51.078
51.76
52.44
53.091
53.688
54.203
54.611
54.904
55.081
55.138
55.079
54.91
54.655
54.338
53.979
53.59
53.178
52.748
52.314
51.896
51.515
51.189
50.928
50.741
50.635
50.621
50.702
50.866
51.1
51.392
39 5
39.0464
40.3172
41.05968
41.59504
42.5568
44.72976
45.17416
48.63448
52.51064
57.02 1
57.02 1
57.02 1
58.83 1
59.31 1
57.99 1
58.68 1
58.57 1
57.97 1
58.95 1
60.36 1
61.43 1
62.36 1
62.77 1
62.49 1
62.72 1
61.35 1
63.31 1
63.74 1
64.01 1
63.76 1
64.7 1
64.61 1
65.35 1
66.33 1
66.53 1
66.78 1
67.33 1
67.65 1
68.28 1
68.55 1
68.75 1
69.13 1
69.99 1
70.05 1
70.04 1
69.96 1
70.62 1
70.66 1
71.04 1
71.27 1
71.3 1
71.31 1
71.69 1
71.79 1
71.92 1
72.13 1
72.29 1
72.45 1
72.65 1
72.98 1
72.88 1
73.11 1
73.19 1
73.49 1
73.92 1
74.21 1
74.54 1
74.9 1
75.14 1
75.55 1
75.76 1
76.13 1
76.43 1
76.41 1
76.56 1
76.86 1
76.93 1
77.2 1
77.51 1
77.69 1
77.95 1
77.83 1
78.01 1
78.13 1
78.4 1
78.61 1
78.83 1
79.05 1
79.41 1
79.65 1
79.77 1
79.95 1
80.25 1
80.36 1
80.78
80.592
80.743
80.893
33.8 5
33.8 5
47.323
47.628
48.222
48.785
49.317
49.818
50.291
50.738
51.162
51.574
51.982
52.396
52.825
53.275
53.746
54.23
54.714
55.184
55.634
56.064
56.477
56.884
57.297
57.727
58.181
58.665
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59.733
60.304
60.886
61.468
62.033
62.572
63.077
63.544
63.977
64.384
64.777
65.166
65.552
65.932
66.3
66.649
66.975
67.279
67.567
67.844
68.118
68.396
68.681
68.976
69.281
69.591
69.902
70.213
70.52
70.822
71.115
71.401
71.676
30 5
30 5
32.611
32.819
33.234
33.646
34.056
34.464
34.869
35.273
35.675
36.079
36.485
36.898
37.322
37.763
38.228
38.73
39.282
39.887
40.542
41.24
41.971
42.722
43.476
44.214
44.924
45.599
46.239
46.847
47.42
47.95
48.421
48.819
49.136
49.369
49.52
49.596
49.609
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49.507
49.412
49.291
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48.942
48.707
48.436
48.131
47.791
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47.062
46.711
46.405
46.17
46.022
45.97
46.016
46.16
46.389
46.678
47.005
47.352
30.9 5
30.9 5
37.388
37.563
37.914
38.267
38.622
38.979
39.338
39.698
40.061
40.425
40.791
41.158
41.528
41.899
42.272
42.649
43.033
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43.816
44.213
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44.984
45.348
45.694
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47.051
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48.262
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49.14
49.563
49.957
50.309
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51.035
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51.212
51.204
51.139
51.027
50.875
50.684
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49.591
49.299
49.033
48.806
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48.517
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48.968
70.376
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70.896
70.989
71.082
71.175
71.268
71.361
71.454
71.548
71.641
71.735
71.827
71.918
72.009
72.099
72.191
72.283
72.379
72.479
72.588
72.708
72.841
72.991
73.158
73.341
73.543
73.762
73.996
74.242
74.496
74.76
75.031
75.31
75.592
75.872
76.143
76.397
76.631
76.843
77.032
77.203
77.36
77.511
77.662
77.816
77.973
78.133
78.291
78.445
78.594
78.739
78.881
79.02
79.157
79.294
32 5
32
30.5
31.9
32.2
31.6
37
38.7
39.1
44
47.9
54.336
54.445
54.669
54.909
55.162
55.431
55.715
56.015
56.332
56.67
57.031
57.418
57.834
58.28
58.756
59.258
59.782
60.321
60.874
61.441
62.024
62.631
63.266
63.931
64.622
65.339
66.081
66.839
67.6
68.35
69.07
69.742
70.357
70.91
71.401
71.833
72.218
72.571
72.909
73.238
73.56
73.871
74.56
74.64
75.12
75.04
75.36
75.93
76.05
76.25
77.01
76.86
77.42
77.48
77.53
77.93
78.337
78.452
78.561
78.672
32
32
26
31
32
32
32
34
35
37
41
39.247
39.636
40.405
44.55952
46.4656
48.02216
50.44528
50.54896
50.1584
38.40448
31.63176
34.10448
44.50136
51.89912
53.32072
55.6468
56.8032
58.38112
59.4052
60.9652
62.6508
63.73736
63.11888
62.7808
62.4996
62.69888
62.43736
63.96736
64.24432
65.08536
66.12216
66.44976
66.368
66.541
66.712
66.89
67.084
67.294
67.522
67.771
68.042
68.332
68.638
68.952
69.274
69.601
69.935
70.275
70.618
70.957
71.286
71.593
71.874
72.127
72.353
72.555
72.741
72.919
73.099
73.283
32 5
5
31.99
32 5
36.6012
41.8544
48.365
48.968
50.135
51.223
52.232
53.162
54.015
54.792
55.496
56.135
56.715
57.246
57.738
58.2
58.64
59.063
59.464
59.841
60.197
60.537
60.872
61.21
61.558
61.925
62.318
62.749
63.23
63.757
64.319
64.9
65.478
66.026
66.52
66.947
67.299
67.574
67.776
67.928
68.053
68.169
68.295
68.45
68.638
68.864
69.129
69.426
69.747
70.073
70.392
70.697
70.984
71.253
71.511
71.762
72.008
72.25
72.489
72.724
72.957
73.185
32.1 5
32.1 5
40.1
40.249
40.553
40.872
41.204
41.55
41.91
42.281
42.663
43.054
43.449
43.847
44.244
44.641
45.037
45.44
45.858
46.295
46.754
47.23
47.717
48.205
48.681
49.14
49.578
49.995
50.395
50.787
51.177
51.569
51.961
52.349
52.731
53.109
53.491
53.888
54.315
54.783
55.294
55.846
56.43
57.036
57.644
58.242
58.82
59.373
59.9
60.407
60.899
61.378
61.846
62.305
62.757
63.203
63.644
64.08
64.513
64.939
65.359
65.771
31.6 5
31.6 5
38.463
38.632
38.964
39.288
39.602
39.906
40.201
40.487
40.762
41.027
41.281
41.525
41.76
41.988
42.213
42.443
42.687
42.949
43.229
43.524
43.825
44.117
44.39
44.64
44.867
45.086
45.316
45.571
45.856
46.168
46.49
46.801
47.075
47.298
47.462
47.574
47.652
47.712
47.763
47.799
47.786
47.677
47.453
47.121
46.71
46.294
45.963
45.787
45.8
46.001
46.344
46.749
47.125
47.404
47.569
47.629
47.627
47.627
47.681
47.806
32.7 5
32.7 5
41.212
41.618
42.422
43.208
43.978
44.73
45.465
46.183
46.885
47.57
48.24
48.895
49.538
50.169
50.79
51.405
52.015
52.622
53.224
53.823
54.419
55.014
55.605
56.187
56.755
57.305
57.834
58.337
58.804
59.227
59.597
59.907
60.152
60.327
60.425
60.441
60.37
60.213
59.976
59.659
59.256
58.755
58.164
57.502
56.798
56.089
55.413
54.803
54.284
53.873
53.578
53.391
53.286
53.24
53.241
53.28
53.352
53.456
53.589
53.748
30.2147 5
30.2147
30.2 5
34.7
35.1
35.1
42.2
46.9
56.106
56.394
56.97
57.548
58.127
58.707
59.288
59.87
60.451
61.031
61.606
62.176
62.738
63.291
63.833
64.361
64.874
65.374
65.863
66.348
66.835
67.336
67.855
68.396
68.958
69.543
70.15
70.771
71.391
71.996
72.563
73.069
73.502
73.863
74.153
74.388
74.592
74.789
75.001
75.236
75.495
75.772
76.049
76.313
76.56
76.789
76.999
77.197
77.385
77.566
77.738
77.902
78.058
78.206
78.346
78.481
78.61
78.736
78.858
78.978
31.9 5
31.9 5
36.643
36.798
37.125
37.482
37.871
38.29
38.738
39.21
39.703
40.206
40.71
41.206
41.689
42.162
42.638
43.144
43.717
44.381
45.15
46.021
46.991
48.048
49.156
50.271
51.359
52.375
53.284
54.071
54.73
55.258
55.663
55.963
56.195
56.387
56.557
56.716
56.872
57.016
57.138
57.236
57.297
57.309
57.263
57.159
57
56.789
56.528
56.236
55.939
55.664
55.445
55.318
55.3
55.397
55.613
55.939
56.358
56.835
57.341
57.856
36.1 5
36.1 5
59.501
59.952
60.831
61.661
62.444
63.179
63.865
64.503
65.092
65.632
66.123
66.566
66.961
67.314
67.63
67.915
68.176
68.417
68.646
68.867
69.088
69.317
69.551
69.786
70.014
70.221
70.384
70.495
70.552
70.563
70.548
70.536
70.551
70.614
70.732
70.899
71.101
71.314
71.525
71.733
71.949
72.197
72.489
72.829
73.207
73.596
73.961
74.274
74.517
74.69
74.809
74.901
75.002
75.136
75.313
75.53
75.775
76.027
76.266
76.487
32.2 5
32.7
33.5
34.2
34.7
36.4
35.6
36.3
36.6
36
36.2
36.5
36.6
34.8
29.6
29.9
35.8
41
43.7
22.9
18.9
33.11248
34.15824
35.21936
36.29048
37.38208
38.76016
41.49528
44.57152
47.4716
50.93096
58.314
58.605
59.188
59.772
60.355
60.938
61.523
62.109
62.698
63.292
63.894
64.506
65.129
65.76
66.395
67.027
67.646
68.245
68.818
69.362
69.878
70.372
70.849
71.312
71.76
72.188
72.59
72.958
73.288
73.577
73.823
74.028
74.194
74.33
74.438
74.519
74.572
74.599
74.61
74.616
74.638
74.695
74.799
74.954
75.16
75.405
75.671
75.937
76.188
76.421
76.64
76.861
77.098
77.359
77.64
77.928
78.206
78.457
78.668
78.836
38.5 5
38.512
45
47.464
48.464
48.464
53.464
66.553
66.662
66.88
67.099
67.318
67.538
67.759
67.98
68.201
68.423
68.645
68.867
69.088
69.309
69.53
69.746
69.954
70.153
70.348
70.547
70.767
71.027
71.337
71.698
72.105
72.541
72.983
73.408
73.796
74.139
74.436
74.695
74.933
75.162
75.388
75.609
75.822
76.022
76.208
76.381
76.546
76.708
76.873
77.045
77.228
77.424
77.634
77.856
78.084
78.313
78.537
78.748
78.942
79.115
79.268
79.401
79.519
79.629
79.737
79.845
34.9544 5
34.9544
35 5
40.26616
44.3128
55.5544
58.452
64.43 1
65.25 1
66.87 1
67.56 1
68.05 1
68.97 1
69.37 1
69.03 1
69.94 1
69.92 1
70.46 1
70.64 1
69.9 1
70.42 1
70.58 1
70.27 1
70.49 1
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70.29 1
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70.21 1
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70.66 1
70.71 1
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70.89 1
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72.4 1
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73.26 1
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74.81 1
75.05 1
75.38 1
75.51 1
75.46 1
76.01 1
76.22 1
76.78 1
76.99
77.26
76.754
35
38.35 1
39.92 1
41.5 1
43.11 1
41.86 1
41.06 1
42.64 1
42.49 1
43.85 1
44 1
43.35 1
40.43 1
40.47 1
40.73 1
39.5 1
43.5 1
44.57 1
43.08 1
38.6 1
44.74 1
46.18 1
46.78 1
42.49 1
40.04 1
44.42 1
45.11 1
47.65 1
47.62 1
47.58 1
40.2 1
39.85 1
42.95 1
44.97 1
45.66 1
46.13 1
46.06 1
46.15 1
47.53 1
47.58 1
46.11 1
44.51 1
45.88 1
47.41 1
47.6 1
46.29 1
44.86 1
48.37 1
46.77 1
48.56 1
48.6 1
49.69 1
49 1
48.71 1
46.71 1
47.83 1
47.3 1
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47.14 1
49.42 1
50.93 1
52.99 1
51.86 1
53.15 1
50.71 1
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52.66 1
54.74 1
54.81 1
55.81 1
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56.6 1
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57.31 1
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61.78 1
60.65 1
61.22 1
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61.71 1
61.24 1
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62 1
62.31 1
61.89 1
62.74 1
63.66 1
64.15 1
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63.5 1
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65.83 1
66.27 1
66.02 1
67.16 1
67.46 1
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67.24 1
68.54 1
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70.15 1
70.33 1
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72.24 1
72.22 1
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72.47 1
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72.52 1
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73.26 1
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77.06 1
77.18 1
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78.32 1
78.32 1
78.44
78.408
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29.9 5
29.9 5
33.764
34.03
34.558
35.078
35.59
36.095
36.593
37.083
37.567
38.046
38.522
38.995
39.468
39.941
40.415
40.89
41.365
41.839
42.31
42.776
43.238
43.694
44.145
44.59
45.03
45.465
45.897
46.327
46.753
47.173
47.583
47.976
48.35
48.702
49.035
49.348
49.648
49.939
50.227
50.518
50.818
51.136
51.469
51.814
52.162
52.498
52.802
53.061
53.271
53.437
53.572
53.695
53.831
53.997
54.204
54.456
54.751
55.077
55.421
55.78
29.9 5
29.9
44.302
44.715
45.535
46.346
47.146
47.936
48.716
49.485
50.243
50.991
51.728
52.453
53.167
53.866
54.552
55.225
55.887
56.536
57.171
57.787
58.375
58.925
59.432
59.896
60.322
60.72
61.101
61.479
61.868
62.275
62.704
63.158
63.628
64.11
64.599
65.098
65.605
66.12
66.635
67.145
67.636
68.098
68.523
68.909
69.255
69.567
69.855
70.131
70.404
70.676
70.945
71.206
71.452
71.676
71.879
72.061
72.224
72.374
72.516
72.656
32.9
32.9
47.266
47.522
48.05
48.607
49.192
49.805
50.444
51.104
51.779
52.456
53.12
53.757
54.352
54.895
55.385
55.826
56.228
56.61
56.989
57.377
57.78
58.202
58.64
59.094
59.568
60.064
60.588
61.139
61.714
62.31
62.923
63.551
64.186
64.82
65.449
66.064
66.66
67.238
67.796
68.333
68.85
69.35
69.836
70.311
70.777
71.235
71.686
72.129
72.559
72.971
73.356
73.704
74.009
74.27
74.49
74.674
74.832
74.976
75.116
75.258
33 5
33
30.7
30.6
35.4
32.5
31
32.3
31.5
33.2
31.3
34.5
34.8
36
34.4
35.7
30.5
29.8
33.4
32.3
34.4
36.1
36.2
36.7
42.066
42.274
42.689
43.102
43.512
43.92
44.326
44.731
45.135
45.54
45.949
46.363
46.786
47.217
47.66
48.111
48.568
49.029
49.493
49.965
50.451
50.958
51.494
52.059
52.655
53.277
53.922
54.581
55.247
55.914
56.581
57.25
57.923
58.598
59.271
59.933
60.577
61.195
61.789
62.358
62.914
63.471
64.039
64.621
65.214
65.807
66.382
66.924
67.418
67.858
68.24
68.567
68.851
69.102
69.33
69.542
69.745
69.942
70.138
70.337
28.7 5
28.7
43.244
43.703
44.614
45.509
46.389
47.255
48.104
48.937
49.75
50.54
51.303
52.033
52.723
53.37
53.968
54.518
55.021
55.481
55.896
56.265
56.576
56.815
56.979
57.069
57.094
57.05
56.926
56.746
56.55
56.387
56.339
56.495
56.897
57.562
58.477
59.61
60.902
62.259
63.587
64.824
65.91
66.805
67.523
68.084
68.496
68.78
68.969
69.105
69.228
69.364
69.532
69.738
69.969
70.214
70.471
70.735
71
71.257
71.503
71.736
29.8 5
29.8 5
33.882
34.032
34.332
34.632
34.932
35.232
35.533
35.833
36.133
36.434
36.734
37.034
37.334
37.634
37.934
38.235
38.536
38.837
39.139
39.442
39.745
40.047
40.347
40.646
40.946
41.246
41.548
41.853
42.165
42.484
42.814
43.158
43.516
43.889
44.273
44.671
45.081
45.501
45.923
46.339
46.742
47.125
47.48
47.802
48.086
48.319
48.493
48.609
48.679
48.716
48.738
48.767
48.822
48.921
49.075
49.29
49.567
49.893
50.253
50.641
30.2 5
30.2 5
35.08
35.292
35.716
36.14
36.564
36.989
37.413
37.838
38.263
38.687
39.11
39.531
39.949
40.365
40.777
41.191
41.612
42.04
42.47
42.893
43.295
43.66
43.976
44.231
44.42
44.528
44.541
44.472
44.345
44.189
44.049
43.971
43.99
44.132
44.409
44.823
45.358
45.977
46.648
47.355
48.093
48.868
49.682
50.531
51.399
52.265
53.105
53.903
54.647
55.328
55.942
56.495
57.002
57.478
57.932
58.37
58.797
59.214
59.624
60.028
36.5 4
36.5 5
43
43.1
51.7
56.272
64.36
64.602
65.085
65.571
66.06
66.549
67.039
67.525
68.002
68.64 1
69.34 1
69.66 1
69.84 1
69.9 1
70.64 1
70.71 1
70.68 1
70.97 1
70.59 1
70.28 1
70.39 1
70.59 1
70.35 1
70.7 1
70.8 1
70.12 1
69.74 1
69.86 1
69.72 1
69.5 1
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69.46 1
69.86 1
69.78 1
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70.98 1
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69.14 1
68.19 1
66.67 1
67.72 1
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70.13 1
69.72 1
70.5 1
70.8 1
70.67 1
71.23 1
71.82 1
72.29 1
72.96 1
73.13
73.14
73.23
73.496
29.7 5
29.7 5
33.302
33.47
33.834
34.25
34.718
35.237
35.806
36.418
37.067
37.738
38.413
39.074
39.702
40.279
40.797
41.253
41.651
42.006
42.332
42.635
42.925
43.211
43.492
43.762
44.012
44.212
44.323
44.331
44.242
44.081
43.898
43.76
43.722
43.82
44.066
44.448
44.932
45.461
45.988
46.492
46.964
47.406
47.839
48.278
48.723
49.173
49.623
50.072
50.515
50.956
51.397
51.846
52.307
52.781
53.268
53.762
54.258
54.747
55.224
55.685
26.1 5
26.1 5
51.572
51.799
52.248
52.687
53.116
53.536
53.946
54.348
54.743
55.134
55.524
55.916
56.312
56.715
57.126
57.544
57.965
58.386
58.805
59.22
59.631
60.038
60.443
60.848
61.253
61.658
62.063
62.469
62.874
63.279
63.689
64.111
64.546
64.984
65.414
65.812
66.151
66.415
66.596
66.696
66.727
66.707
66.665
66.627
66.611
66.632
66.696
66.799
66.933
67.095
67.281
67.484
67.695
67.906
68.112
68.31
68.5
68.684
68.867
69.047
31.8 5
31.7664
35.7688
38.3568
34.6104
40.4008
35.0592
32.0664
41.5688
39.17 1
44.95 1
39.67 1
37.65 1
40.46 1
42.79 1
42.87 1
41.3 1
40.92 1
45.6 1
45.16 1
44.93 1
44.61 1
42.57 1
39.73 1
43.34 1
45.22 1
47.64 1
46.56 1
48.16 1
48.07 1
44.4 1
41.8 1
42.87 1
46.23 1
46.64 1
47.21 1
46.04 1
47.07 1
46.98 1
46.15 1
48.67 1
48.53 1
48.73 1
49.13 1
49.05 1
49.73 1
49.54 1
48.03 1
46.49 1
32.71 1
43.07 1
47.55 1
52.41 1
51.92 1
52.52 1
50.22 1
53.42 1
53.83 1
51.86 1
53.71 1
51.28 1
54.47 1
54.88 1
55.79 1
55.45 1
56.04 1
57.36 1
56.16 1
57.1 1
57.2 1
54.67 1
46.65 1
46.5 1
53.9 1
56.27 1
48 1
57.19 1
60.27 1
60.53 1
61.99 1
61.88 1
64.24 1
65.67 1
66.55 1
66.61 1
67.57 1
67.37 1
67.99 1
67.49 1
68.63 1
68.81 1
69.01 1
69.04 1
68.75 1
69.16 1
69.37 1
69.13 1
69.65 1
69.83 1
69.79 1
69.67 1
70.36 1
70.18 1
70.87 1
71.38 1
71.3 1
71.85 1
72 1
72.52 1
73.08 1
73.37 1
73.66 1
73.98 1
74.55 1
74.46 1
74.77 1
74.44 1
74.8 1
74.83 1
74.79 1
75.01 1
75.04 1
75.45 1
75.7 1
75.94 1
76.64 1
76.66 1
76.94 1
77.13 1
77.34 1
77.53 1
77.76 1
78.23 1
78.37 1
78.63 1
78.96 1
79.09 1
79.49 1
79.53
79.699
79.903
28.8 (Riley file, 32.4
though not
preferred by Riley)
35
34.2
34.5
35
37.4
36.1
31.7
31.2
30.1
36.5
43.55
44.33
43.36
43.99
42.73
43.55
43.16
43.28
42.52
43.97
43.17
43.75
44.15
45.56
43.36
44.11
43.57
43.6
45.53
45.2
47.56
47.93
45.99
45.23 1
45.08 1
47.01 1
48.01 1
48.43 1
48.08 1
48.36 1
47.74 1
48.28 1
49.3 1
50.01 1
51.37 1
48.17 1
51.62 1
51.35 1
37.85 1
35.63 1
39.51 1
42.6 1
34.34 1
47.52 1
51.6 1
52.69 1
54.92 1
54.65 1
55.27 1
54.39 1
54.03 1
55.8 1
55.44 1
54.27 1
56.87 1
56.93 1
57.26 1
57.7 1
58.36 1
58.32 1
58.81 1
59.17 1
58.97 1
59.62 1
49.45 1
57.67 1
57.44 1
53.33 1
47.19 1
54.96 1
62.38 1
63.98 1
65.83 1
64.92 1
66.39 1
66.12 1
67.41 1
67.34 1
68.21 1
68.47 1
68.5 1
68.93 1
70.16 1
70.19 1
70.4 1
70.98 1
70.51 1
70.36 1
71.32 1
71.15 1
71.56 1
71.55 1
71.54 1
71.27 1
72.16 1
72.13 1
72.38 1
72.54 1
72.89 1
72.98 1
73.22 1
73.83 1
73.95 1
74.26 1
74.35 1
74.51 1
74.89 1
74.87 1
75.37 1
75.47 1
75.75 1
76.34 1
76.57 1
76.69 1
76.98 1
77.17 1
77.46 1
77.5 1
77.94 1
78.06 1
78.27 1
78.62 1
78.79 1
78.92 1
79.23 1
79.41 1
79.57 1
79.57 1
80.5 1
80.47 1
80.88
81.14
81.254
81.47
52.211
52.478
53.012
53.547
54.082
54.62
55.164
55.719
56.295
56.908
57.577
58.316
59.135
60.027
60.969
61.915
62.813
63.615
64.29
64.823
65.209
65.459
65.617
65.731
65.835
65.971
66.179
66.471
66.849
67.312
67.841
68.405
68.965
69.489
69.961
70.377
70.74
71.072
71.39
71.7
72.009
72.32
72.632
72.943
73.25
73.549
73.833
74.097
74.337
74.553
74.747
74.921
75.082
75.235
75.385
75.536
75.689
75.845
76.003
76.164
45.514
46.441
48.206
49.79
51.195
52.42
53.47
54.353
55.082
55.679
56.172
56.592
56.974
57.347
57.732
58.137
58.558
58.975
59.375
59.754
60.105
60.42
60.703
60.967
61.229
61.525
61.895
62.361
62.926
63.581
64.295
65.024
65.72
66.348
66.894
67.358
67.761
68.135
68.507
68.883
69.259
69.625
69.967
70.276
70.556
70.816
71.071
71.335
71.617
71.918
72.235
72.559
72.877
73.179
73.46
73.719
73.956
74.178
74.39
74.594
30.6 5
30.6 5
35.97
36.255
36.798
37.287
37.722
38.106
38.442
38.74
39.012
39.284
39.584
39.942
40.387
40.937
41.597
42.356
43.195
44.075
44.964
45.841
46.691
47.504
48.289
49.054
49.802
50.541
51.284
52.04
52.816
53.612
54.433
55.283
56.151
57.017
57.86
58.652
59.364
59.977
60.479
60.862
61.129
61.29
61.371
61.39
61.359
61.271
61.111
60.875
60.574
60.236
59.9
59.609
59.4
59.297
59.316
59.461
59.722
60.066
60.46
60.885
28.8 5
28.8 5
32.725
32.909
33.277
33.645
34.013
34.38
34.747
35.114
35.481
35.85
36.221
36.595
36.976
37.365
37.766
38.182
38.615
39.068
39.54
40.034
40.55
41.091
41.653
42.233
42.827
43.433
44.048
44.668
45.287
45.899
46.499
47.083
47.651
48.197
48.72
49.213
49.673
50.101
50.497
50.865
51.205
51.521
51.818
52.1
52.373
52.64
52.903
53.163
53.42
53.675
53.928
54.176
54.418
54.655
54.891
55.132
55.386
55.658
55.949
56.26
59.799
60
60.401
60.802
61.202
61.602
62.003
62.403
62.805
63.208
63.614
64.024
64.437
64.852
65.265
65.67
66.061
66.434
66.786
67.118
67.436
67.751
68.068
68.389
68.706
69.002
69.254
69.449
69.579
69.652
69.686
69.706
69.741
69.807
69.909
70.04
70.18
70.308
70.406
70.473
70.514
70.54
70.569
70.614
70.679
70.768
70.878
71.001
71.128
71.252
71.362
71.447
71.503
71.533
71.544
71.55
71.572
71.626
71.721
71.861
38.37 5
38.37
39.44
42.38
45.45
49
40.52
57.42
61.5
62.6
62.3
62.2
59.6
57.8
52.7
46.13
60.51136
66.776
66.963
67.332
67.687
68.03
68.361
68.678
68.982
69.27
69.539
69.787
70.011
70.207
70.375
70.515
70.624
70.698
70.744
70.771
70.792
70.826
70.895
71.01
71.177
71.399
71.667
71.97
72.287
72.601
72.901
73.18
73.434
73.671
73.895
74.111
74.324
74.541
74.766
75.003
75.25
75.39
75.61 1
76.07 1
76.15 1
76.47 1
76.66 1
76.9 1
77.35 1
77.7 1
77.94 1
78.21 1
78.58 1
78.67 1
78.75 1
79.34 1
79.48 1
79.81 1
79.98
80.06
80.081
28 5
28
28 5
42.81
42.994
43.356
43.706
44.044
44.371
44.685
44.988
45.279
45.559
45.829
46.09
46.346
46.601
46.861
47.135
47.431
47.753
48.102
48.481
48.888
49.321
49.773
50.233
50.693
51.143
51.573
51.978
52.356
52.709
53.033
53.33
53.607
53.881
54.166
54.493
54.898
55.392
55.966
56.597
57.244
57.854
58.376
58.768
59.011
59.094
59.02
58.828
58.561
58.246
57.908
57.567
57.239
56.943
56.701
56.539
56.474
56.505
56.624
56.826
36.6 5
36.6
37.1
37.7
38.5
39.4
40.4
41.2
44.65192
45.2
48.2
46.17488
49.9684
50.5
52.8
54.33568
64.971
65.201
65.653
66.09
66.511
66.917
67.307
67.682
68.043
68.39
68.726
69.051
69.368
69.677
69.981
70.28
70.573
70.859
71.138
71.412
71.681
71.946
72.207
72.467
72.728
72.994
73.268
73.551
73.844
74.146
74.455
74.773
75.094
75.413
75.725
76.022
76.303
76.561
76.794
76.996
77.154
77.257
77.305
77.307
77.275
77.23
77.199
77.203
77.257
77.366
77.53
77.738
77.97
78.207
78.441
78.666
78.882
79.092
79.299
79.5
62.443
62.49
62.584
62.679
62.775
62.871
62.968
63.066
63.164
63.262
63.361
63.459
63.558
63.656
63.753
63.85
63.947
64.044
64.141
64.239
64.336
64.432
64.528
64.622
64.715
64.803
64.88
64.946
65.008
65.074
65.156
65.266
65.415
65.616
65.878
66.217
66.646
67.161
67.746
68.383
69.044
69.696
70.313
70.874
71.369
71.799
72.177
72.526
72.867
73.203
73.534
73.855
74.154
74.427
74.673
74.894
75.093
75.278
75.454
75.624
54.061
54.716
55.987
57.184
58.307
59.355
60.326
61.22
62.033
62.76
63.396
63.938
64.388
64.754
65.054
65.311
65.552
65.798
66.069
66.377
66.725
67.108
67.51
67.918
68.331
68.758
69.211
69.695
70.207
70.737
71.26
71.744
72.169
72.527
72.823
73.076
73.321
73.591
73.907
74.275
74.687
75.121
75.55
75.949
76.308
76.626
76.907
77.165
77.409
77.644
77.868
78.078
78.27
78.444
78.601
78.746
78.882
79.014
79.147
79.283
55.979
56.227
56.725
57.228
57.735
58.246
58.761
59.279
59.8
60.321
60.84
61.355
61.863
62.362
62.85
63.326
63.791
64.245
64.689
65.124
65.548
65.962
66.363
66.752
67.13
67.496
67.851
68.196
68.532
68.859
69.176
69.484
69.781
70.069
70.347
70.617
70.88
71.138
71.391
71.641
71.886
72.126
72.359
72.586
72.807
73.024
73.238
73.451
73.664
73.877
74.088
74.297
74.501
74.698
74.889
75.072
75.25
75.422
75.591
75.756
25.8 5
25.81936
25.8 5
30.35248
41.361
41.515
41.838
42.193
42.581
43.001
43.452
43.934
44.444
44.979
45.534
46.106
46.69
47.284
47.887
48.508
49.16
49.847
50.567
51.308
52.05
52.771
53.449
54.07
54.631
55.13
55.576
55.99
56.391
56.791
57.204
57.636
58.089
58.562
59.057
59.571
60.099
60.635
61.171
61.705
62.239
62.774
63.313
63.858
64.408
64.965
65.529
66.097
66.662
67.215
67.741
68.225
68.658
69.037
69.362
69.641
69.884
70.107
70.325
70.546
29.5 5
29.5 5
34.622
34.694
34.842
35.002
35.171
35.352
35.544
35.746
35.959
36.182
36.415
36.659
36.912
37.174
37.445
37.721
37.998
38.277
38.559
38.849
39.156
39.489
39.855
40.257
40.692
41.155
41.635
42.12
42.602
43.075
43.536
43.985
44.429
44.873
45.32
45.777
46.248
46.736
47.239
47.754
48.274
48.786
49.284
49.764
50.229
50.688
51.154
51.64
52.154
52.698
53.268
53.859
54.457
55.052
55.637
56.208
56.763
57.305
57.835
58.354
29.3 5
29.3 5
31.972
32.103
32.367
32.631
32.897
33.164
33.433
33.702
33.972
34.243
34.514
34.785
35.056
35.326
35.595
35.864
36.132
36.4
36.668
36.936
37.2
37.458
37.707
37.952
38.197
38.452
38.73
39.038
39.381
39.758
40.171
40.617
41.084
41.557
42.021
42.456
42.841
43.167
43.434
43.645
43.812
43.955
44.098
44.259
44.445
44.659
44.894
45.136
45.375
45.609
45.836
46.053
46.267
46.484
46.708
46.949
47.216
47.512
47.84
48.197
31.12 5
31.12
34.6224
41.4224
50.65224
51.32
51.565
52.058
52.555
53.057
53.563
54.073
54.586
55.099
55.612
56.12
56.618
57.101
57.562
57.994
58.387
58.733
59.031
59.283
59.492
59.666
59.815
59.951
60.082
60.213
60.341
60.462
60.568
60.656
60.731
60.801
60.876
60.967
61.077
61.21
61.362
61.528
61.7
61.866
62.021
62.151
62.246
62.305
62.336
62.351
62.369
62.414
62.504
62.657
62.881
63.18
63.554
63.986
64.458
64.956
65.467
65.978
66.481
66.968
67.434
36.271
36.603
37.262
37.91
38.548
39.175
39.792
40.4
40.998
41.59
42.176
42.757
43.334
43.904
44.464
45.003
45.513
45.988
46.425
46.828
47.203
47.563
47.92
48.281
48.65
49.02
49.38
49.72
50.037
50.336
50.628
50.929
51.254
51.614
52.013
52.452
52.925
53.42
53.926
54.435
54.947
55.463
55.984
56.505
57.016
57.499
57.934
58.312
58.63
58.895
59.123
59.339
59.567
59.822
60.107
60.414
60.721
61.009
61.262
61.483
33.9 5
33.9
40.938
41.149
41.591
42.068
42.581
43.129
43.712
44.326
44.968
45.629
46.301
46.974
47.639
48.287
48.915
49.522
50.108
50.683
51.258
51.837
52.428
53.037
53.666
54.318
54.993
55.691
56.413
57.152
57.904
58.664
59.435
60.22
61.019
61.823
62.62
63.392
64.116
64.779
65.375
65.906
66.381
66.819
67.241
67.665
68.092
68.521
68.939
69.332
69.688
70.008
70.294
70.555
70.8
71.04
71.278
71.515
71.75
71.979
72.198
72.408
59.224
59.677
60.564
61.413
62.224
62.997
63.733
64.431
65.093
65.72
66.315
66.879
67.416
67.929
68.422
68.898
69.359
69.805
70.237
70.655
71.059
71.443
71.809
72.156
72.488
72.816
73.151
73.498
73.858
74.227
74.588
74.919
75.207
75.447
75.644
75.817
75.991
76.194
76.442
76.743
77.096
77.489
77.901
78.314
78.718
79.107
79.48
79.841
80.19
80.523
80.833
81.114
81.363
81.58
81.766
81.924
82.06
82.18
82.293
82.403
36 5
36 5
37.33592
39.75808
42.05504
50.2128
56.55552
61.29056
62.07 1
62.46 1
64.03 1
63.87 1
65.43 1
66.88 1
66.04 1
66.41 1
67.42 1
67.32 1
68.09 1
69.02 1
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69.48 1
69.17 1
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69.33 1
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69.24 1
69.13 1
69.76 1
69.63 1
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71.07 1
71 1
71.14 1
71.86 1
72.49 1
72.61 1
72.63 1
73.04 1
72.99 1
73.45
73.45
73.48
73.673
32.4 5
32.4 1
27.95 1
31.97 1
40.22 1
40.13 1
25.39 1
42.9 1
41.35 1
18.31 1
32.94 1
41.39 1
37.14 1
36.61 1
30.01 1
42.1 1
48.6 1
43.14 1
38.15 1
42.34 1
39.49 1
34.84 1
29.67 1
19.76 1
27.09 1
26.96 1
35.11 1
34.81 1
34.21 1
27.2 1
37.54 1
34.64 1
28.03 1
38.37 1
35.02 1
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36.61 1
39.62 1
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40.25 1
44.64 1
41.61 1
39.52 1
42.32 1
35.82 1
17.74 1
30.27 1
42.19 1
45.46 1
44.97 1
40.6 1
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52.47 1
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60.79 1
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60.23 1
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63.52 1
65.09 1
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63.18 1
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72.31 1
73.36 1
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79.46 1
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80.64 1
80.5 1
81.06 1
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81.43 1
81.12 1
81.31
81.846
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25.4 5
25.4424
24.2664
23.4856
23.98
23.1464
24.02
24.8584
27.61
29.3144
30.95
32.5928
35.03
36.798
37.08
37.647
38.221
38.801
39.389
39.984
40.585
41.194
41.811
42.435
43.067
43.707
44.352
45.002
45.652
46.297
46.935
47.567
48.193
48.824
49.472
50.143
50.834
51.538
52.238
52.915
53.551
54.13
54.649
55.107
55.511
55.878
56.221
56.548
56.86
57.157
57.435
57.697
57.947
58.195
58.449
58.716
59
59.301
59.619
59.949
60.283
60.613
60.939
61.255
61.561
61.859
62.153
62.445
62.738
63.04
63.352
63.675
64.009
30 5
30
32.5
35
27.5
27.5
36.497
36.742
37.231
37.717
38.2
38.682
39.162
39.644
40.131
40.63
41.148
41.692
42.269
42.882
43.528
44.201
44.888
45.577
46.259
46.931
47.593
48.25
48.911
49.583
50.265
50.957
51.652
52.348
53.041
53.734
54.437
55.162
55.916
56.697
57.494
58.288
59.051
59.764
60.416
61.009
61.558
62.087
62.626
63.191
63.789
64.415
65.055
65.688
66.295
66.869
67.406
67.909
68.385
68.841
69.278
69.697
70.096
70.474
70.832
71.171
25.6 5
25.6 5
43.858
44.121
44.636
45.132
45.607
46.063
46.501
46.925
47.341
47.759
48.19
48.645
49.137
49.671
50.244
50.851
51.478
52.109
52.727
53.326
53.902
54.456
54.994
55.521
56.035
56.529
56.991
57.419
57.818
58.2
58.589
59.012
59.49
60.031
60.634
61.288
61.971
62.655
63.314
63.936
64.515
65.051
65.557
66.044
66.512
66.965
67.404
67.829
68.239
68.634
69.013
69.372
69.712
70.032
70.333
70.618
70.89
71.152
71.408
71.66
31.2 5
31.2 5
40.043
40.622
41.769
42.893
43.995
45.075
46.132
47.167
48.179
49.168
50.133
51.074
51.989
52.874
53.726
54.542
55.32
56.057
56.749
57.392
57.978
58.499
58.954
59.346
59.682
59.967
60.209
60.42
60.614
60.805
61.001
61.206
61.423
61.658
61.919
62.214
62.543
62.911
63.325
63.794
64.357
65.056
65.896
66.851
67.876
68.89
69.804
70.538
71.038
71.278
71.237
70.92
70.401
69.77
69.1
68.495
68.06
67.84
67.855
68.101
37.7 5
37.7
25
30
20.55
20
35
37.7
37.7 5
49.4
53.8
57.6
58.9
60
61.4
65.61
64.78
67.2
67.96
68.07
68.06
69.01
69.06
69.36
69.49
70.23
69.69
69.99
70.24
70.49
70.69
70.2
71.24
70.93
70.85
70.89
71.68
71.02
71.24
71.18
71.76
71.86
72
71.98
72.25
72.6
72.96
73.23
73.26
73.71
73.65
73.72
74.52
74.55
74.58
74.98
75.14
75.54
75.4
75.91
75.58
75.94
76.08
76.3
76.2
76.66
77.24
77.73
78.24
78.64
79.4
79.73
79.655
79.94
80.162
64.172
64.498
65.128
65.716
66.26
66.763
67.223
67.644
68.027
68.378
68.703
69.007
69.297
69.579
69.855
70.123
70.374
70.604
70.812
71.003
71.185
71.372
71.572
71.794
72.039
72.308
72.597
72.895
73.194
73.489
73.774
74.046
74.306
74.82
75.11
75.44
75.27
75.65
76.01
76.61
77.08
76.93
76.8
77.39
77.64
77.62
78.23
78.12
78.29
78.57
78.75
79.16
79.15
79.5
79.96
80.02
80.37
80.46
80.836
80.999
29.01 5
29.69 1
31.6 1
31.75 1
31.31 1
33.6 1
34.88 1
34.32 1
33.95 1
32.74 1
34.2 1
34.29 1
35.18 1
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36.92 1
39.05 1
38.5 1
38.46 1
38.84 1
39.79 1
39.91 1
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43.29 1
42.33 1
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42.34 1
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45.51 1
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69.32 1
69.21 1
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72.13 1
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72.76 1
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73.48 1
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74.16 1
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75.56 1
75.67 1
76 1
76.42 1
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77 1
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78.19 1
78.52 1
78.82 1
78.92 1
79.32 1
79.73 1
80.01 1
80.25 1
80.33 1
81.19 1
81.18
81.59
81.111
81.236
81.344
34.2 5
34.2
40.1
38.1
37.2
37.8
36.9
35.5
38.6
37.6
34.3
37.3
39.2
38.6
39
37.4
37.6
37
39.1
37.6
37.8
38.1
40.4
34.6
33.6
37.6
32.4
29.5
36.8
37.3
36.7
37.9
34.4
37.5
38.2
37
35.6
31.7
26.4
36.6
35.4
30.7
37
38
38.6
38.9
40.7
39.4
41.6
43
45.3
42.7
44.2
41.6
44.4
44
44.4
47.2
45.9
48.5
47.6
49.4
49.8
50.3
49.1
49.1
51.4
50.4
51.7
53.9
56.647
57.138
58.101
59.021
59.901
60.739
61.535
62.289
62.999
63.664
64.283
64.853
65.375
65.85
66.284
66.681
67.047
67.389
67.712
68.022
68.321
68.612
68.892
69.158
69.408
69.637
69.841
70.015
70.162
70.282
70.381
70.466
70.544
70.621
70.7
70.784
70.871
70.958
71.041
71.117
71.183
71.237
71.279
71.306
71.319
71.312
71.28
71.227
71.157
71.082
71.017
70.979
70.982
71.031
71.131
71.278
71.464
71.675
71.894
72.115
36.4 5
36.42584
36.59264
36.79944
37.03648
37.3284
37.67568
38.09784
38.6
39.22192
39.9736
40.89944
42.04432
42.61632
45.65936
48.24248
49 5
49 5
48.5 5
46 5
40 5
30.5368
46.5
51.75 1
56.89 1
57.76 1
59.3 1
60.99 1
63.03 1
63.37 1
64.61 1
65.77 1
65.63 1
65.5 1
67.12 1
67.51 1
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73.42 1
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78.26 1
78.67 1
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80.46 1
80.69 1
80.77 1
80.75 1
81.35 1
81.7 1
82 1
82.07 1
82.36 1
82.27 1
82.68 1
82.87
82.81
82.978
31.7 5
31.7 5
42.116
42.382
42.908
43.424
43.929
44.424
44.909
45.386
45.859
46.334
46.817
47.317
47.844
48.409
49.021
49.691
50.432
51.24
52.109
53.03
53.997
55.001
56.026
57.049
58.051
59.004
59.888
60.693
61.418
62.061
62.627
63.127
63.582
64.013
64.43
64.847
65.269
65.694
66.12
66.547
66.973
67.395
67.806
68.203
68.583
68.945
69.291
69.622
69.942
70.252
70.552
70.843
71.124
71.397
71.661
71.919
72.169
72.412
72.65
72.881
26.2 5
26.2 5
23.58
23.8
28.6
28.1
30.6
36.87
44.47
54.159
54.377
54.813
55.247
55.68
56.112
56.543
56.973
57.404
57.836
58.271
58.709
59.15
59.594
60.035
60.471
60.896
61.305
61.694
62.059
62.395
62.697
62.968
63.214
63.441
63.659
63.881
64.116
64.37
64.648
64.961
65.319
65.714
66.124
66.523
66.87
67.12
67.242
67.221
67.052
66.733
66.269
65.705
65.094
64.486
63.947
63.543
63.304
63.236
63.334
63.564
63.869
64.181
64.446
64.644
64.774
64.855
64.931
65.034
65.176
25.5 5
25.5 5
23.9248
26.3736
28.8224
41.568
41.723
42.057
42.44
42.871
43.35
43.874
44.441
45.044
45.674
46.318
46.964
47.598
48.211
48.799
49.364
49.916
50.465
51.023
51.59
52.164
52.739
53.308
53.864
54.408
54.946
55.489
56.042
56.602
57.158
57.689
58.171
58.586
58.92
59.17
59.354
59.499
59.628
59.743
59.83
59.843
59.723
59.431
58.949
58.29
57.469
56.518
55.504
54.505
53.584
52.819
52.278
51.975
51.911
52.079
52.456
52.996
53.631
54.295
54.948
26 5
26 5
23.50816
24.98112
26.9768
29.5344
33.60512
37.38824
42.57104
44.88888
48.041
48.583
49.628
50.597
51.489
52.306
53.049
53.723
54.335
54.897
55.426
55.938
56.455
56.994
57.569
58.194
58.877
59.608
60.375
61.168
61.975
62.782
63.576
64.341
65.065
65.735
66.345
66.898
67.4
67.853
68.269
68.661
69.039
69.404
69.752
70.073
70.352
70.571
70.714
70.771
70.726
70.562
70.289
69.923
69.487
69.007
68.512
68.034
67.601
67.237
66.962
66.784
66.693
66.674
66.719
66.821
66.967
67.143
67.335
67.534
25.8 5
25.8 5
23.50816
24.98112
26.9768
29.5344
33.60512
37.38824
42.57104
44.88888
45.523
46.17
47.418
48.569
49.624
50.583
51.447
52.219
52.904
53.511
54.051
54.537
54.986
55.42
55.855
56.312
56.804
57.333
57.9
58.509
59.162
59.862
60.598
61.353
62.111
62.85
63.543
64.178
64.752
65.268
65.741
66.195
66.657
67.148
67.676
68.245
68.853
69.482
70.112
70.731
71.32
71.858
72.341
72.772
73.159
73.529
73.912
74.336
74.814
75.346
75.923
76.522
77.111
77.662
78.157
78.585
78.937
79.225
79.46
79.649
26 5
26
26 5
54.5
54.779
55.327
55.852
56.353
56.833
57.294
57.743
58.187
58.646
59.136
59.678
60.286
60.968
61.718
62.519
63.35
64.176
64.969
65.709
66.375
66.956
67.46
67.901
68.287
68.629
68.942
69.244
69.552
69.882
70.254
70.684
71.17
71.699
72.257
72.82
73.354
73.833
74.239
74.567
74.823
75.021
75.19
75.353
75.52
75.696
75.879
76.06
76.232
76.395
76.55
76.699
76.842
76.983
77.121
77.258
77.394
77.527
77.657
77.785
52.004
52.226
52.668
53.109
53.55
53.99
54.43
54.87
55.31
55.752
56.197
56.645
57.096
57.548
57.999
58.443
58.877
59.296
59.696
60.074
60.423
60.74
61.026
61.286
61.527
61.758
61.989
62.229
62.487
62.769
63.085
63.444
63.84
64.26
64.689
65.104
65.478
65.791
66.029
66.189
66.269
66.275
66.231
66.161
66.083
66.014
65.969
65.953
65.972
66.031
66.134
66.279
66.458
66.661
66.883
67.12
67.368
67.626
67.89
68.155
31.9 5
31.9 5
41.942
42.047
42.256
42.465
42.676
42.887
43.098
43.311
43.523
43.736
43.949
44.161
44.372
44.582
44.792
45
45.205
45.409
45.613
45.819
46.03
46.248
46.476
46.717
46.971
47.24
47.519
47.807
48.107
48.423
48.759
49.122
49.517
49.951
50.426
50.952
51.534
52.171
52.855
53.576
54.325
55.088
55.852
56.604
57.333
58.03
58.691
59.319
59.919
60.492
61.043
61.576
62.097
62.609
63.113
63.61
64.096
64.568
65.022
65.459
33
33
44.9544
53.7
58.084
64.528
64.929
65.703
66.421
67.083
67.687
68.235
68.724
69.156
69.54 1
70.3 1
70.54 1
69.88 1
70.29 1
71.52 1
71.2 1
71.16 1
70.82 1
70.46 1
70.2 1
70.22 1
70.57 1
70.25 1
70.2 1
70.11 1
69.28 1
69.41 1
69.45 1
69.35 1
68.87 1
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69.13 1
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69.51 1
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71.01 1
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66.78 1
65.53 1
66.33 1
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69.55 1
69.19 1
69.98 1
70.57 1
70.32 1
70.67 1
71.17 1
71.5 1
71.24 1
71.14
71.2
72.518
72.772
29.7 5
29.7 5
54.278
54.709
55.553
56.36
57.128
57.859
58.551
59.205
59.821
60.397
60.933
61.429
61.887
62.31
62.701
63.069
63.421
63.763
64.097
64.422
64.732
65.016
65.267
65.48
65.66
65.812
65.947
66.077
66.213
66.361
66.522
66.694
66.87
67.048
67.229
67.418
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67.843
68.084
68.341
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70.01
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70.342
70.496
70.649
70.804
70.966
71.135
71.313
71.5
71.691
71.884
72.075
72.263
32.8 5
32.8 5
41.006
41.285
41.85
42.427
43.017
43.619
44.23
44.843
45.451
46.036
46.581
47.068
47.479
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48.058
48.243
48.382
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48.639
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49.02
49.292
49.616
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50.874
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53.175
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54.365
54.902
55.393
55.841
56.287
56.786
57.364
58.011
58.684
59.308
59.791
60.046
60.001
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58.854
57.667
56.127
54.34
52.411
50.484
48.711
47.2
46.029
45.241
44.84
44.779
44.941
45.219
45.557
31.1 5
31.1 5
35.89
36.123
36.588
37.051
37.511
37.969
38.425
38.878
39.328
39.775
40.219
40.659
41.095
41.526
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42.375
42.793
43.208
43.619
44.027
44.438
44.859
45.29
45.725
46.152
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46.9
47.183
47.391
47.525
47.585
47.573
47.515
47.44
47.373
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47.394
47.527
47.755
48.082
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49.009
49.57
50.16
50.766
51.377
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53.228
53.843
54.442
55.018
55.567
56.088
56.578
57.04
57.477
57.897
58.307
58.711
33 5
33 5
41.689
41.948
42.465
42.982
43.497
44.012
44.526
45.038
45.548
46.056
46.56
47.059
47.554
48.044
48.531
49.009
49.472
49.923
50.372
50.832
51.327
51.885
52.522
53.245
54.055
54.942
55.892
56.877
57.87
58.857
59.829
60.786
61.732
62.665
63.574
64.443
65.252
65.994
66.667
67.273
67.826
68.348
68.857
69.367
69.878
70.382
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71.291
71.666
71.984
72.253
72.485
72.701
72.915
73.135
73.363
73.599
73.834
74.061
74.279
28.9 5
28.9 5
41.7
50.5
63.56
63.871
64.492
65.111
65.728
66.342
66.951
67.554
68.143
67.68 1
70.28 1
70.47 1
69.4 1
70.58 1
71.94 1
71.69 1
71.85 1
71.92 1
71.61 1
71.22 1
71.08 1
72.02 1
71.26 1
71.61 1
71.54 1
71.15 1
71.29 1
71.04 1
70.83 1
70.7 1
70.68 1
70.66 1
71.06 1
70.98 1
70.49 1
70.66 1
72.33 1
72.14 1
71.98 1
71.66 1
71.37 1
70.55 1
70.4 1
69.01 1
68.58 1
69.02 1
70.15 1
70.99 1
71.32 1
71.71 1
72.18 1
71.79 1
71.98 1
72.24 1
72.23 1
71.7 1
71.47
71.39
71.84
71.932
36.9 5
36.9 5
47.976
48.0568
46.9104
44.8272
46.208
46.5912
49.0008
46.4568
47.7936
49.664
46.3832
48.8816
50.2448
50.0696
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50.1152
48.0472
42.3344
44.6784
54.6224
56.2056
55.2664
54.684
56.7616
54.7888
53.4056
55.8592
55.352
52.7032
56.7984
57.5888
56.6616
58.3152
59.9032
59.1008
61.2008
61.064
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58.3328
54.32
47.836
49.4008
61.6128
63.0568
64.4936
64.84
65.248
65.42
65.761
66.092
66.415
66.73
67.035
67.333
67.622
67.903
69.07 1
69.57 1
68.67 1
68.89 1
69.07 1
69.4 1
69.31 1
69.69 1
70.28 1
69.84 1
69.58 1
69.47 1
70.71 1
70.47 1
70.55 1
70.5 1
70.45 1
71.75 1
71.71 1
72.4 1
72.57 1
72.38 1
72.47 1
73.35 1
73.11 1
73.68 1
74.61 1
74.15 1
74.75 1
74.68 1
75.39 1
75.47 1
75.16 1
75.74 1
76.36 1
76.47 1
76.49 1
76.81 1
77 1
77.67 1
77.82 1
77.95 1
78.08 1
77.96 1
79.26 1
79.56 1
79.44
79.358
79.563
79.75
52.975
53.197
53.663
54.172
54.724
55.32
55.959
56.642
57.367
58.134
58.942
59.785
60.654
61.531
62.395
63.208
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64.542
65.045
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66.071
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66.726
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69.136
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70.889
71.803
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73.485
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74.782
75.263
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76.6
76.9
77.202
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77.778
78.042
78.283
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78.664
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79.035
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79.315
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80.259
80.517
80.749
80.951
53.087
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55.45
56.322
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61.949
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66.347
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67.321
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68.275
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69.066
69.336
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72.046
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72.35
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72.667
72.833
73.005
73.177
73.347
73.511
73.669
73.82
73.966
74.11
74.253
74.397
30.5 5
30.5 5
35.747
35.984
36.454
36.912
37.36
37.798
38.226
38.644
39.054
39.457
39.855
40.251
40.647
41.045
41.445
41.848
42.252
42.654
43.053
43.45
43.844
44.237
44.629
45.023
45.421
45.832
46.267
46.726
47.203
47.684
48.134
48.513
48.8
48.996
49.117
49.206
49.324
49.524
49.841
50.283
50.841
51.481
52.152
52.809
53.432
54.009
54.542
55.048
55.542
56.027
56.509
56.991
57.475
57.96
58.446
58.932
59.415
59.892
60.357
60.81
30.3 5
30.3 5
35.961
36.026
36.166
36.322
36.494
36.683
36.887
37.104
37.331
37.564
37.795
38.021
38.237
38.445
38.65
38.866
39.112
39.402
39.74
40.128
40.556
41.01
41.47
41.923
42.36
42.781
43.188
43.592
43.999
44.408
44.812
45.198
45.564
45.911
46.249
46.605
47.01
47.484
48.028
48.632
49.278
49.938
50.571
51.135
51.601
51.917
52.035
51.961
51.728
51.379
50.991
50.657
50.455
50.442
50.643
51.057
51.658
52.369
53.122
53.88
30.6 5
30.6 5
47.006
47.371
48.099
48.827
49.555
50.283
51.011
51.738
52.466
53.193
53.92
54.647
55.374
56.1
56.827
57.558
58.3
59.052
59.809
60.563
61.295
61.986
62.622
63.2
63.723
64.206
64.673
65.148
65.644
66.162
66.691
67.212
67.702
68.144
68.532
68.867
69.156
69.413
69.655
69.888
70.121
70.356
70.595
70.835
71.078
71.323
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71.807
72.041
72.27
72.495
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73.183
73.42
73.657
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74.117
74.334
74.538
37.63
37.942
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39.192
39.818
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41.07
41.696
42.323
42.951
43.578
44.207
44.836
45.465
46.095
46.725
47.355
47.984
48.614
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51.145
51.786
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54.265
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55.383
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56.952
57.473
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59.331
59.669
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60.225
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62.07
62.705
63.441
64.258
65.133
66.039
66.941
67.81
68.619
69.352
69.999
70.564
71.065
71.522
71.939
29.6 5
29.6 5
35.297
35.344
35.438
35.533
35.628
35.723
35.819
35.915
36.012
36.109
36.206
36.304
36.405
36.508
36.618
36.735
36.863
37.004
37.158
37.326
37.511
37.712
37.927
38.155
38.396
38.646
38.907
39.176
39.454
39.737
40.029
40.329
40.639
40.957
41.278
41.597
41.906
42.201
42.48
42.741
42.988
43.224
43.455
43.69
43.931
44.184
44.45
44.728
45.018
45.32
45.635
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46.298
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47.718
48.088
48.463
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68.476
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75.163
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75.684
75.925
76.158
76.385
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76.835
77.067
77.306
77.552
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78.062
78.318
78.569
78.81
79.036
79.245
79.435
79.608
79.765
79.908
54.744
55.216
56.149
57.055
57.934
58.787
59.613
60.41
61.177
61.912
62.61
63.27
63.889
64.469
65.014
65.53
66.023
66.503
66.976
67.45
67.933
68.429
68.937
69.453
69.973
70.492
71
71.49
71.957
72.398
72.814
73.208
73.588
73.956
74.311
74.648
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75.234
75.479
75.695
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76.291
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77.004
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77.803
78.05
78.281
78.493
78.689
78.872
79.042
79.201
79.352
79.495
79.634
79.769
32 5
32 5
41.32
41.489
41.828
42.166
42.502
42.836
43.169
43.501
43.83
44.157
44.481
44.803
45.122
45.438
45.753
46.067
46.376
46.684
46.993
47.311
47.648
48.016
48.419
48.861
49.34
49.857
50.408
50.98
51.558
52.129
52.676
53.182
53.643
54.051
54.404
54.702
54.95
55.16
55.344
55.508
55.658
55.797
55.925
56.043
56.151
56.247
56.33
56.397
56.447
56.482
56.499
56.494
56.472
56.442
56.417
56.417
56.465
56.574
56.749
56.988
31.2 5
31.22
33.8736
36.1688
33.288
38.6176
46.861
48.008
50.185
52.132
53.849
55.336
56.597
57.64
58.477
59.131
59.628
60.001
60.288
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60.749
60.975
61.212
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62.202
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63.154
63.521
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64.298
64.69
65.074
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65.819
66.194
66.582
66.984
67.394
67.796
68.173
68.509
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69.036
69.235
69.407
69.571
69.742
69.928
70.135
70.363
70.604
70.849
71.089
71.317
71.522
71.7
71.845
71.958
72.035
72.08
72.1
72.104
72.102
51.48
51.695
52.13
52.575
53.03
53.496
53.97
54.455
54.948
55.449
55.958
56.473
56.995
57.527
58.071
58.638
59.241
59.882
60.56
61.268
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62.708
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64.066
64.689
65.277
65.842
66.399
66.957
67.516
68.07
68.607
69.114
69.585
70.019
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70.807
71.184
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72.313
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73.008
73.312
73.582
73.818
74.024
74.207
74.376
74.536
74.69
74.841
74.989
75.135
75.279
75.423
75.568
75.71
75.85
75.989
26.9 5
26.9 5
23.29
26.62
29.52
28.8
26.24
27.03
24.98
27.58
26.65
28.37
28.68
29.09
26.8
27.88
27.97
28.72
29.21
27.41
32.6
33.5
32.8
32.1
34.2
40.3
34.5
35.4
36.2
37.7
38.4
37.3
38.2
40.4
38.3
36.8
39.4
45.5
39.2
42.6
39.8
42.8
43.2
44.2
44.8
46.3
48.3
45.8
48.56
49.118
50.207
51.247
52.238
53.178
54.067
54.903
55.685
56.406
57.065
57.656
58.18
58.643
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61.35
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62.319
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63.374
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64.468
65.011
65.545
66.062
66.56
67.037
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70.4
70.795
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65.983
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64.806
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64.842
64.808
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64.7
64.893
65.197
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66.052
66.516
66.932
67.257
67.47
67.555
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67.38
67.196
66.988
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66.64
66.553
66.542
66.612
66.758
66.966
67.207
67.454
67.696
67.923
68.133
68.333
68.527
68.715
31.8 5
31.8 5
41.037
41.339
41.943
42.546
43.148
43.749
44.349
44.948
45.547
46.148
46.751
47.357
47.967
48.578
49.188
49.793
50.391
50.975
51.542
52.087
52.601
53.079
53.52
53.928
54.306
54.662
55.003
55.338
55.679
56.036
56.424
56.857
57.336
57.852
58.392
58.928
59.427
59.864
60.229
60.527
60.781
61.028
61.307
61.638
62.025
62.451
62.885
63.289
63.641
63.937
64.186
64.41
64.637
64.891
65.178
65.5
65.851
66.214
66.577
66.933
35.4 5
35.4 5
58.22
58.466
58.951
59.424
59.884
60.331
60.767
61.197
61.624
62.059
62.513
62.997
63.522
64.095
64.716
65.383
66.089
66.82
67.558
68.289
69.002
69.688
70.344
70.962
71.535
72.052
72.504
72.894
73.226
73.505
73.735
73.925
74.086
74.23
74.369
74.518
74.692
74.891
75.109
75.339
75.561
75.753
75.895
75.972
75.977
75.909
75.77
75.58
75.36
75.125
74.887
74.656
74.439
74.247
74.093
73.997
73.976
74.03
74.154
74.338
33.1 5
33.1 5
41.845
42.102
42.617
43.131
43.643
44.155
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30.278 5
30.278
30.53
31.035
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32.044
32.549
33.052
33.553
34.051
34.541
35.019
35.482
35.926
36.352
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47.645
47.696
47.691
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47.65
47.658
47.709
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30.8
30.8
30.8
28
28.5
28.1
28
30.8
33.429
34.227
35.757
37.157
38.428
39.571
40.59
41.493
42.294
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32.4 5
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40.249
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32.8 5
32.8 5
35.596
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67.122
39.86 5
39.86 1
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38.66 1
38.63 1
38.63 1
34.53 1
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35.46 1
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30.86 1
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36.44 1
38.28 1
38.33 1
37.56 1
36.37 1
33.64 1
39.31 1
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40.47 1
37.34 1
32.94 1
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39.2 1
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71.3
71.547
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74.781
75.14
75.438
75.678
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76.037
76.197
76.359
34.05
34.05
68.86 1
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69.29 1
69.16 1
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70.24 1
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70.48 1
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78.14 1
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78.91 1
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80.145
80.301
80.452
25.4 5
25.4 5
24.35
34.47048
41.056
41.36
41.97
42.584
43.202
43.824
44.451
45.081
45.715
46.353
46.996
47.642
48.293
48.947
49.604
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56.017
56.512
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67.814
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72.324
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30.8 5
30.8 5
37.095
37.118
37.164
37.21
37.256
37.303
37.35
37.397
37.444
37.492
37.539
37.587
37.635
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37.847
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38.331
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39.415
39.582
39.755
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40.131
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41.322
41.622
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43.076
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44.011
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45.136
45.76
46.413
47.081
47.751
48.41
49.051
49.668
50.26
50.835
51.397
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30.4 5
30.4 5
35.594
35.701
35.919
36.144
36.377
36.616
36.862
37.114
37.37
37.628
37.885
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39.099
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46.199
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46.774
47.032
47.27
47.492
47.709
47.931
48.166
38.8 5
38.8 5
48.05 1
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80.06 1
80.29 1
80.55 1
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80.672
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32.3 5
32.3 5
36.72
36.922
37.34
37.781
38.245
38.733
39.244
39.778
40.335
40.914
41.515
42.139
42.787
43.461
44.168
44.916
45.715
46.571
47.484
48.448
49.455
50.495
51.552
52.616
53.678
54.736
55.792
56.853
57.921
58.993
60.069
61.15
62.232
63.305
64.358
65.383
66.371
67.313
68.199
69.017
69.75
70.38
70.909
71.344
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72.247
72.496
72.755
73.037
73.346
73.678
74.015
74.343
74.656
74.951
75.225
75.48
75.718
75.938
25.9 5
25.9 5
20.132
26.7536
31.7584
22.8
45.63
45.812
46.179
46.551
46.929
47.313
47.704
48.103
48.512
48.936
49.38
49.846
50.337
50.851
51.381
51.914
52.437
52.937
53.405
53.84
54.244
54.628
55.004
55.38
55.758
56.132
56.493
56.833
57.147
57.436
57.707
57.971
58.237
58.512
58.801
59.1
59.404
59.703
59.994
60.278
60.559
60.845
61.142
61.456
61.787
62.132
62.489
62.85
63.208
63.561
63.907
64.245
64.577
64.905
65.23
65.553
65.875
66.197
66.52
66.843
32.9 5
32.9
35.9
42.4
53.26
53.793
54.826
55.793
56.694
57.531
58.302
59.012
59.662
60.258
60.808
61.319
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63.169
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67.255
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68.256
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69.194
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74.086
74.294
74.484
74.663
74.836
75.005
75.171
75.334
75.495
75.653
75.809
31.5
31.5
33.669
33.921
34.425
34.928
35.431
35.934
36.436
36.938
37.44
37.942
38.443
38.944
39.444
39.943
40.443
40.935
41.412
41.874
42.329
42.791
43.286
43.848
44.495
45.23
46.046
46.924
47.84
48.753
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51.133
51.714
52.18
52.546
52.824
53.045
53.242
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53.689
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54.297
54.64
54.974
55.284
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56.475
56.853
57.279
57.743
58.226
58.707
59.164
59.59
59.979
60.333
60.663
60.98
61.287
35.5 5
35.5
62.576
62.568
62.572
62.613
62.69
62.804
62.952
63.133
63.339
63.563
63.792
64.017
64.225
64.41
64.568
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65.107
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65.93
66.074
66.204
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66.878
66.983
67.085
67.187
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67.41
67.54
67.685
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68.016
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69.558
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70.072
70.338
70.597
70.843
71.073
71.286
71.487
71.682
71.877
72.072
35.7 5
35.7
43.109
43.291
43.67
44.082
44.526
45.001
45.505
46.035
46.585
47.144
47.701
48.244
48.764
49.261
49.741
50.227
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51.33
51.98
52.697
53.462
54.249
55.024
55.762
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57.702
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66.056
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70.029
70.508
70.962
71.387
71.781
72.139
72.463
72.752
73.011
73.248
73.467
30.9 5
30.9 5
12.7
30.9 5
30.9 5
25.6
30.9 5
30.9 5
40
42
41.9
42
41.9
40.5
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46.361
46.707
47.407
48.119
48.843
49.578
50.321
51.068
51.811
52.536
53.227
53.869
54.445
54.947
55.377
55.743
56.059
56.35
56.635
56.93
57.244
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57.937
58.306
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59.084
59.488
59.897
60.308
60.719
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61.946
62.356
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63.188
63.617
64.057
64.507
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65.425
65.884
66.336
66.775
67.2
67.609
68.004
68.39
68.767
69.135
69.494
69.839
70.169
70.484
70.783
71.067
71.338
71.598
71.851
72.098
35.9 5
35.9 5
49.8
59.045
59.653
60.828
61.918
62.925
63.848
64.688
65.448
65.92 1
65.53 1
67.86 1
67.98 1
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75.678
75.839
35.6 5
35.6 5
51.43 1
47.95 1
49.87 1
51.05 1
52.42 1
53.81 1
53.69 1
56.03 1
56.76 1
55.38 1
58.53 1
58.72 1
59.82 1
61.12 1
62.26 1
61.43 1
61.24 1
61.51 1
63.81 1
62.99 1
64.25 1
62.87 1
64.39 1
65.02 1
65.24 1
66.19 1
65.7 1
66.6 1
66.91 1
66.52 1
67.17 1
66.94 1
69.26 1
68.66 1
69.21 1
68.93 1
69.16 1
70.41 1
70.87 1
71.68 1
71.75 1
71.94 1
72.77 1
72.69 1
72.98 1
73.26 1
73.66 1
74.05 1
74.07 1
74.63 1
74.25 1
74.19 1
74.86 1
74.77 1
75.76 1
75.58 1
75.53 1
75.97 1
76.18 1
76.36 1
76.84 1
77.11 1
77.29 1
77.49 1
78.32 1
78.2 1
78.94 1
79.12
78.771
78.937
30.43 5
30.43
33.3
30.36
38.17
38.46
40.65
46.01
61.711
62.433
63.797
65.002
66.047
66.934
67.666
68.251
68.703
69.045
69.304
69.51
69.698
69.894
70.117
70.371
70.647
70.921
71.179
71.419
71.647
71.874
72.109
72.355
72.608
72.857
73.084
73.277
73.428
73.541
73.629
73.714
73.814
73.939
74.088
74.242
74.378
74.471
74.512
74.502
74.451
74.372
74.296
74.251
74.258
74.35
74.554
74.871
75.286
75.782
76.323
76.865
77.368
77.8
78.145
78.401
78.581
78.717
78.837
78.953
30.8 5
30.8 5
47.027
47.234
47.672
48.157
48.69
49.27
49.897
50.568
51.281
52.031
52.81
53.611
54.423
55.236
56.041
56.831
57.599
58.347
59.076
59.782
60.467
61.131
61.778
62.408
63.019
63.609
64.174
64.711
65.217
65.689
66.124
66.517
66.87
67.189
67.48
67.75
68.008
68.264
68.525
68.8
69.097
69.419
69.765
70.131
70.518
70.926
71.356
71.806
72.265
72.727
73.179
73.61
74.013
74.381
74.71
74.998
75.244
75.457
75.645
75.813
51.83
52.048
52.489
52.939
53.399
53.867
54.343
54.828
55.321
55.821
56.328
56.841
57.361
57.891
58.434
59.003
59.609
60.256
60.943
61.662
62.396
63.125
63.831
64.501
65.13
65.72
66.285
66.841
67.397
67.956
68.512
69.055
69.573
70.06
70.513
70.94
71.347
71.745
72.139
72.527
72.904
73.258
73.58
73.865
74.113
74.33
74.525
74.71
74.893
75.08
75.269
75.459
75.642
75.813
75.973
76.122
76.26
76.391
76.519
76.643
35.7 5
35.7 5
42.01
59.863
60.151
60.735
61.337
61.959
62.597
63.246
63.899
64.54
65.144
65.682
66.127
66.457
66.667
66.776
66.83
66.896
67.027
67.256
67.587
67.995
68.43
68.83
69.149
69.371
69.498
69.548
69.561
69.566
69.577
69.596
69.622
69.642
69.649
69.642
69.622
69.588
69.543
69.495
69.447
69.404
69.367
69.341
69.331
69.346
69.401
69.51
69.676
69.898
70.169
70.479
70.81
71.144
71.465
71.765
72.04
72.291
72.528
72.759
72.986
31.9 5
31.9
30.5
37.5 5
20.5
23.8
24.7
33.6
36.1
35.2
38.4
37.5
38.9
37.4
36.5
35
32.8
11.6
38.2
39.6
41.1
39.9
41.4
43.6
41.2
46.1
40.4
52.2
55
UN: WPP 2008: 57.3
63,606
63.815
64.243
64.693
65.164
65.656
66.165
66.685
67.208
67.65 1
68.67 1
68.92 1
68.58 1
69.05 1
69.85 1
69.44 1
69.51 1
69.3 1
69.26 1
68.74 1
68.86 1
69.12 1
69.02 1
69 1
68.99 1
68.35 1
68.1 1
67.97 1
68.01 1
67.73 1
67.7 1
67.92 1
68.38 1
68.15 1
67.67 1
68.33 1
69.95 1
69.96 1
69.81 1
69.73 1
69.36 1
69.11 1
67.98 1
65.24 1
63.93 1
64.62 1
65.89 1
66.79 1
67.14 1
65.99 1
65.38 1
65.3 1
65.01 1
64.92 1
65.29 1
65.33 1
66.65 1
67.57
67.89
66.894
31.8 5
31.8 5
39.408
39.555
39.849
40.146
40.447
40.75
41.056
41.363
41.671
41.979
42.283
42.58
42.867
43.14
43.395
43.627
43.833
44.011
44.165
44.295
44.402
44.487
44.554
44.612
44.671
44.754
44.887
45.077
45.313
45.576
45.883
46.262
46.666
47.002
47.149
47.379
47.609
47.839
48.069
48.299
48.529
48.759
48.989
26.393
27.09
35.334
38.409
41.043
43.103
44.604
45.766
46.768
47.645
48.422
49.111
49.711
50.231
50.692
53.108
53.36
53.867
54.384
54.912
55.449
55.997
56.553
57.118
57.688
58.262
58.837
59.41
59.98
60.544
61.103
61.658
62.212
62.765
63.318
63.873
64.429
64.985
65.542
66.096
66.652
67.217
67.788
68.357
68.912
69.43
69.886
70.265
70.56
70.773
70.913
71.001
71.062
71.117
71.177
71.241
71.302
71.348
71.375
71.39
71.405
71.435
71.494
71.591
71.731
71.911
72.127
72.365
72.613
72.864
73.111
73.35
73.583
73.808
74.025
51.573
51.387
51.095
50.964
50.994
51.184
51.531
52.025
52.651
53.386
54.198
55.052
55.909
56.733
57.498
58.182
58.774
59.295
59.765
60.199
60.619
61.053
61.518
62.025
62.574
63.154
63.747
64.327
64.872
65.374
65.833
66.253
66.648
67.03
67.4
67.759
68.106
68.435
68.744
69.028
69.282
69.502
69.686
69.838
69.959
70.054
70.126
70.183
70.233
70.287
70.353
70.441
70.553
70.69
70.852
71.035
71.234
71.44
71.645
71.844
44.896
45.153
45.669
46.184
46.698
47.213
47.727
48.241
48.754
49.267
49.78
50.292
50.804
51.314
51.825
52.335
52.844
53.353
53.861
54.369
54.877
55.384
55.89
56.395
56.899
57.403
57.906
58.408
58.91
59.413
59.915
60.417
60.918
61.42
61.92
62.42
62.918
63.414
63.908
64.399
64.888
65.377
65.865
66.351
66.83
67.297
67.743
68.166
68.562
68.931
69.275
69.6
69.911
70.214
70.512
70.807
71.097
71.38
71.654
71.92
45.618
45.818
46.231
46.671
47.137
47.63
48.148
48.689
49.251
49.828
50.415
51.003
51.586
52.154
52.703
53.226
53.721
54.191
54.64
55.072
55.49
55.901
56.309
56.717
57.126
57.537
57.948
58.354
58.751
59.135
59.505
59.858
60.195
60.514
60.817
61.102
61.371
61.625
61.865
62.09
62.297
62.482
62.643
62.783
62.907
63.023
63.142
63.271
63.418
63.585
63.775
63.986
64.212
64.446
64.685
64.924
65.162
65.396
65.627
65.855
32.1 5
32.1 5
38.657
38.965
39.578
40.183
40.781
41.371
41.955
42.536
43.117
43.707
44.314
44.946
45.612
46.316
47.059
47.833
48.626
49.426
50.226
51.024
51.829
52.652
53.504
54.391
55.31
56.257
57.226
58.2
59.166
60.111
61.022
61.892
62.719
63.5
64.235
64.922
65.565
66.17
66.743
67.285
67.795
68.273
68.714
69.121
69.492
69.831
70.136
70.412
70.664
70.897
71.119
71.335
71.55
71.765
71.985
72.209
72.436
72.661
72.882
73.097
25.2 5
25.2 5
23.9
26.4
28.8
37.874
38.028
38.328
38.616
38.892
39.156
39.408
39.648
39.876
40.093
40.301
40.5
40.695
40.888
41.086
41.294
41.515
41.753
42.012
42.296
42.611
42.962
43.346
43.764
44.212
44.69
45.197
45.727
46.273
46.827
47.385
47.942
48.494
49.035
49.558
50.055
50.519
50.949
51.344
51.703
52.024
52.308
52.56
52.787
52.993
53.185
53.367
53.543
53.717
53.892
54.067
54.24
54.408
54.573
54.74
54.919
55.12
55.352
55.616
55.912
35.5 5
35.5 5
56.307
56.748
57.611
58.437
59.226
59.977
60.692
61.371
62.016
62.629
63.213
63.771
64.308
64.826
65.326
65.807
66.267
66.703
67.114
67.502
67.874
68.242
68.608
68.971
69.324
69.646
69.91
70.102
70.219
70.268
70.275
70.271
70.29
70.355
70.473
70.64
70.842
71.051
71.245
71.415
71.556
71.666
71.755
71.835
71.91
71.992
72.09
72.208
72.349
72.513
72.695
72.89
73.086
73.276
73.456
73.625
73.783
73.935
74.084
74.232
25.1 5
25.1 5
24.5
25.1 5
31.714
31.802
31.979
32.153
32.324
32.494
32.662
32.828
32.995
33.163
33.335
33.515
33.705
33.911
34.136
34.382
34.648
34.934
35.243
35.583
35.972
36.43
36.963
37.563
38.216
38.9
39.586
40.243
40.838
41.35
41.763
42.074
42.294
42.428
42.469
42.39
42.156
41.766
41.245
40.631
39.978
39.347
38.801
38.4
38.191
38.227
38.544
39.115
39.895
40.839
41.882
42.953
43.983
44.916
45.716
46.365
46.87
47.278
47.632
47.949
29.1 5
29.1 5
34 5
34 5
59.25
59.539
60.114
60.685
61.251
61.813
62.371
62.924
63.471
64.01
64.54
65.057
65.561
66.046
66.511
66.954
67.371
67.763
68.132
68.478
68.803
69.11
69.402
69.682
69.95
70.204
70.439
70.655
70.855
71.045
71.236
71.438
71.662
71.916
72.207
72.546
72.941
73.386
73.867
74.37
74.872
75.343
75.765
76.129
76.433
76.687
76.911
77.132
77.371
77.636
77.934
78.263
78.61
78.959
79.302
79.627
79.92
80.177
80.396
80.577
36.4 5
36.4 5
44.2
49.9
53.2
60.89 1
61.31 1
64.36 1
65.66 1
66.71 1
67.84 1
68.37 1
67.45 1
69.35 1
69.03 1
70.35 1
70.79 1
70.33 1
70.71 1
71.09 1
70.3 1
70.44 1
70.98 1
70.5 1
69.81 1
69.74 1
69.88 1
70.35 1
70.05 1
70.21 1
70.33 1
70.5 1
70.45 1
70.46 1
70.79 1
70.44 1
70.68 1
70.8 1
70.49 1
70.73 1
70.74 1
70.91 1
71.08 1
71.16 1
70.95 1
70.83 1
70.9 1
71.38 1
71.9 1
72.36 1
72.29 1
72.77 1
72.71 1
72.62 1
72.99 1
73.19 1
73.62 1
73.81 1
73.85 1
74.26 1
74.2 1
74.46 1
74.52
74.88
74.944
36.6 5
36.6 5
64.451
64.747
65.322
65.866
66.377
66.856
67.301
67.709
68.079
68.403
68.675
68.891
69.046
69.145
69.197
69.217
69.223
69.232
69.261
69.32
69.421
69.571
69.759
69.973
70.202
70.428
70.625
70.782
70.894
70.966
71.017
71.072
71.16
70.88 1
71.34 1
71.77 1
72.32 1
72.25 1
72.9 1
73.35 1
73.86 1
73.5 1
73.64 1
73.52 1
73.96 1
74.67 1
75.11 1
75.13 1
75.26 1
75.64 1
76.11 1
76.38 1
76.66 1
76.55 1
77.28 1
77.6 1
78.24 1
78.152
78.414
78.629
25.7 5
25.7 5
44.368
44.623
45.132
45.64
46.147
46.653
47.158
47.662
48.166
48.669
49.172
49.675
50.179
50.684
51.189
51.695
52.203
52.711
53.22
53.729
54.243
54.77
55.308
55.85
56.386
56.906
57.405
57.865
58.265
58.584
58.769
58.765
58.564
58.191
57.69
57.146
56.664
56.332
56.21
56.321
56.655
57.164
57.763
58.376
58.972
59.532
60.057
60.572
61.092
61.619
62.151
62.689
63.229
63.766
64.296
64.812
65.31
65.785
66.235
66.657
29.4 5
29.4 5
32.18
32.379
32.778
33.177
33.577
33.977
34.377
34.777
35.178
35.578
35.979
36.38
36.78
37.18
37.58
37.983
38.393
38.81
39.23
39.648
40.048
40.414
40.737
41.016
41.257
41.475
41.693
41.932
42.207
42.526
42.902
43.348
43.846
44.364
44.866
45.276
45.505
45.519
45.322
44.953
44.508
44.115
43.888
43.905
44.188
44.723
45.45
46.259
47.049
47.768
48.365
48.81
49.125
49.338
49.466
49.542
49.607
49.703
49.86
50.093
33.5 5
33.5 5
43.547
43.937
44.693
45.399
46.056
46.663
47.222
47.735
48.206
48.641
49.048
49.436
49.815
50.192
50.573
50.958
51.345
51.727
52.101
52.467
52.823
53.17
53.51
53.85
54.195
54.555
54.941
55.357
55.805
56.283
56.792
57.331
57.887
58.446
58.992
59.514
60.006
60.456
60.849
61.163
61.375
61.467
61.429
61.254
60.937
60.452
59.779
58.931
57.946
56.87
55.765
54.697
53.724
52.896
52.247
51.803
51.567
51.499
51.559
51.724
29.5 5
29.5
32.1
34.8
41.45 1
41.06 1
40.92 1
39.8 1
43.53 1
42.56 1
42.84 1
43.05 1
43.98 1
42.63 1
30.29 1
41.12 1
39.31 1
42.03 1
44.21 1
44.75 1
46.3 1
46.95 1
47.76 1
48.49 1
48.67 1
49.49 1
49.34 1
49.25 1
51.2 1
51.6 1
52.24 1
52.72 1
50.9 1
47.22 1
47.53 1
47.09 1
48.39 1
47.16 1
52.48 1
54.85 1
56.25 1
57.84 1
57.57 1
59.33 1
61.27 1
61.02 1
61.87 1
61.52 1
64.94 1
65.81 1
67.01 1
66.78 1
66.82 1
66.66 1
68.85 1
68.77 1
69.27 1
69.66 1
69.69 1
69.85 1
70.58 1
70.99 1
71.25 1
71.44 1
71.73 1
71.26 1
72.24 1
71.85 1
73.06 1
72.84 1
73.22 1
73.55 1
73.87 1
74.39 1
74.58 1
75.12 1
75.6 1
75.74 1
76.3 1
76.08 1
76.46 1
76.42 1
76.67 1
76.9 1
76.91 1
76.98 1
76.99 1
77.12 1
77.57 1
77.7 1
78.05 1
78.12 1
78.26 1
78.77 1
78.85 1
78.86 1
79.34 1
79.69 1
79.78 1
79.72 1
80.28 1
80.28 1
80.94 1
80.745
80.935
81.112
32.6 5
32.6
29.9
32
46.3
45.2
45.8
54
55.5
51.363
51.859
52.809
53.672
54.447
55.136
55.742
56.27
56.729
57.135
57.508
57.868
58.239
58.641
59.086
59.584
60.135
60.724
61.333
61.954
62.569
63.164
63.73
64.263
64.763
65.245
65.731
66.236
66.761
67.295
67.8
68.23
68.554
68.758
68.852
68.873
68.878
68.92
69.03
69.212
69.424
69.602
69.691
69.671
69.561
69.431
69.379
69.484
69.79
70.294
70.946
71.665
72.352
72.929
73.367
73.663
73.845
73.974
74.099
74.241
31.4 5
31.4 5
41.058
41.145
41.322
41.504
41.692
41.886
42.087
42.296
42.514
42.746
42.995
43.264
43.557
43.874
44.212
44.568
44.936
45.307
45.677
46.038
46.389
46.726
47.052
47.37
47.68
47.983
48.284
48.583
48.883
49.184
49.485
49.781
50.072
50.358
50.64
50.925
51.218
51.525
51.848
52.188
52.545
52.918
53.3
53.685
54.066
54.439
54.798
55.14
55.464
55.77
56.056
56.322
56.572
56.814
57.053
57.3
57.564
57.85
58.16
58.496
32.9 5
32.9 5
54.702
55.05
55.726
56.358
56.948
57.496
58.002
58.469
58.9
59.303
59.683
60.05
60.412
60.776
61.144
61.519
61.897
62.27
62.633
62.982
63.309
63.61
63.885
64.136
64.368
64.59
64.814
65.049
65.299
65.561
65.829
66.088
66.326
66.533
66.707
66.848
66.962
67.06
67.151
67.241
67.335
67.437
67.547
67.659
67.773
67.88
67.968
68.034
68.075
68.097
68.108
68.122
68.153
68.211
68.301
68.425
68.582
68.762
68.956
69.16
32.3 5
32.3 5
40.497
40.737
41.207
41.657
42.088
42.499
42.889
43.26
43.612
43.944
44.258
44.556
44.842
45.126
45.418
45.734
46.09
46.494
46.951
47.459
48.013
48.599
49.202
49.81
50.417
51.027
51.646
52.286
52.949
53.632
54.331
55.043
55.754
56.452
57.125
57.776
58.416
59.042
59.629
60.141
60.533
60.756
60.772
60.547
60.058
59.245
58.054
56.516
54.712
52.741
50.751
48.905
47.331
46.126
45.341
44.99
45.028
45.335
45.797
46.355
32.16 2
36.9 2
40.2 2
40.28 2
39.7 2
41.05 2
36.17 2
38.76 2
30.15 2
26.9 2
31.99 2
34.58 2
35.07 2
36.49 2
38.57 2
40.42 2
41.74 2
40.29 2
40.02 2
36.97 2
40.23 2
38.14 2
42.76 2
45.19 2
44.97 2
45.24 2
43.08 2
42.64 2
37.74 2
36.18 2
40.97 2
38.98 2
40.84 2
42.5 2
38.53 2
47.14 2
45.13 2
39.57 2
39.98 2
39.88 2
43.98 2
45.17 2
42.8 2
42.82 2
44.03 2
45.99 2
42.04 2
40.12 2
45.13 2
44.5 2
44.69 2
43.62 2
41.35 2
39.99 2
44.55 2
43.08 2
42.14 2
34.64 2
42 2
44.27 2
48.47 1
47.12 1
42.55 1
45.38 1
44.77 1
45.4 1
44.73 1
46.18 1
43.23 1
40.96 1
45.01 1
48.98 1
50.08 1
48.68 1
44.28 1
44.61 1
44.82 1
46.05 1
46.73 1
48.92 1
47.62 1
48.5 1
48.59 1
49.05 1
49.17 1
48.94 1
50.6 1
51.46 1
52.35 1
52.3 1
50.48 1
51.09 1
50.61 1
51.36 1
52.1 1
54.16 1
53.49 1
54.14 1
54.69 1
50.95 1
52.27 1
52.92 1
54.76 1
55.09 1
55.4 1
54.55 1
56.7 1
56.98 1
56.42 1
58.42 1
57.8 1
58.03 1
57.79 1
58.68 1
58.26 1
57.2 1
58.22 1
58.9 1
49.81 1
56.57 1
58.81 1
61.03 1
61.05 1
63 1
62 1
62.56 1
62.79 1
61.59 1
62.27 1
62.32 1
63.19 1
62.69 1
63.95 1
64.83 1
64.98 1
64.86 1
64.61 1
64.63 1
65.57 1
66.4 1
66.74 1
67.03 1
68.97 1
68.72 1
67.74 1
68.34 1
69.51 1
69.47 1
70.73 1
70.8 1
71.14 1
71.37 1
71.86 1
71.9 1
72.36 1
72.6 1
72.66 1
72.49 1
73.14 1
73.37 1
73.04 1
73.5 1
73.37 1
73.56 1
73.73 1
73.88 1
74.13 1
74.16 1
74.03 1
74.15 1
74.7 1
74.62 1
74.72 1
74.88 1
74.99 1
75 1
75.01 1
75.44 1
75.53 1
75.57 1
75.8 1
76.1 1
76.42 1
76.66 1
76.92 1
76.78 1
77.04 1
77.19 1
77.08 1
77.74 1
77.67 1
77.81 1
78.16 1
78.24 1
78.86 1
78.94 1
79.15 1
79.39 1
79.53 1
79.61 1
79.84 1
79.93 1
80.04 1
80.33 1
80.67 1
80.75 1
80.95 1
81.08
80.973
81.123
38 5
38 5
40.1 1
40.01 1
40.47 1
41.81 1
42.41 1
41.87 1
42.98 1
44.94 1
45 1
43.83 1
44.68 1
45.44 1
45.97 1
45.14 1
44.95 1
44.71 1
47.23 1
46.07 1
45.79 1
46.84 1
48.88 1
49.1 1
48.2 1
49.29 1
47.48 1
48.94 1
50.41 1
50.03 1
49.16 1
49.67 1
50.72 1
51.19 1
52.26 1
51.61 1
52.91 1
51.72 1
54.42 1
54.21 1
55.13 1
55.95 1
56.59 1
55.81 1
46.3 1
54.97 1
54.38 1
57.87 1
58.5 1
60.04 1
59.49 1
59.95 1
60.64 1
60.1 1
60.47 1
60.17 1
61.43 1
61.24 1
61.23 1
62.41 1
62.89 1
62.13 1
63.18 1
63.51 1
63.85 1
64.01 1
63.58 1
64.98 1
65.65 1
65.84 1
64.88 1
65.42 1
66.07 1
66.26 1
67.34 1
67.97 1
68.94 1
68.71 1
69.62 1
69.53 1
70 1
70.08 1
70.21 1
70.56 1
71.3 1
71.46 1
71.44 1
71.76 1
71.32 1
71.31 1
72.2 1
72.33 1
72.47 1
72.77 1
72.72 1
72.73 1
73.14 1
73.26 1
73.78 1
74.08 1
74.43 1
74.82 1
74.94 1
75.39 1
75.34 1
75.64 1
75.64 1
75.87 1
76.21 1
76.22 1
76.82 1
76.94 1
77.11 1
77.41 1
77.43 1
77.62 1
77.44 1
77.72 1
78.02 1
78.31 1
78.6 1
78.68 1
79.17 1
79.37 1
79.62 1
79.88 1
79.99 1
80.41 1
80.62 1
80.72 1
81.28 1
81.45 1
81.75 1
81.94
81.898
82.057
31.1 5
31.1 5
44.776
45.069
45.638
46.176
46.681
47.155
47.599
48.019
48.42
48.816
49.221
49.651
50.121
50.644
51.223
51.856
52.535
53.242
53.964
54.694
55.431
56.176
56.934
57.705
58.484
59.267
60.048
60.821
61.578
62.31
63.008
63.664
64.275
64.845
65.374
65.87
66.338
66.789
67.233
67.676
68.125
68.585
69.051
69.521
69.988
70.447
70.89
71.309
71.699
72.057
72.382
72.675
72.943
73.191
73.424
73.645
73.856
74.059
74.255
74.446
28.3 5
28.3
29.5
30.9
31.8
33.9
33.9
34
33.3
31.9
28.5
30
31.4
26.1
31.2
27.6
30
36.6
35.3
37.1
34.2
37
39.6
40.3
40.9
41.5
41.2
41.3
42
42.6
42.8
42
42.5
43.7
43.6
43.8
54.6
55.1
58.5
60.3
62
62.4
62.5
62.4
64.2
64.2
64.4
64.9
65.2
66
66.7
67.4
67.4
67.5
67.6
68.6
68.69 1
69.1 1
69.39 1
69.45 1
69.81 1
70.07 1
70.43 1
70.59 1
71.16 1
71.31 1
71.54 1
71.65 1
72.16 1
72.15 1
72.81 1
72.99 1
73.12 1
73.39 1
73.21 1
73.52 1
73.8 1
74.27 1
74.25 1
74.53 1
74.7 1
74.51 1
74.69 1
75.21 1
75.4 1
75.51 1
76.07 1
76.45 1
76.93 1
77.13 1
77.25 1
77.25 1
77.99
78.16 5
78.36
78.6
52.313
52.521
52.938
53.353
53.766
54.177
54.587
54.996
55.404
55.814
56.226
56.641
57.059
57.478
57.897
58.31
58.715
59.105
59.478
59.829
60.156
60.455
60.729
60.981
61.212
61.426
61.626
61.816
61.999
62.177
62.362
62.561
62.775
62.993
63.203
63.372
63.461
63.451
63.342
63.146
62.896
62.637
62.418
62.278
62.236
62.299
62.456
62.677
62.935
63.222
63.538
63.89
64.281
64.707
65.156
65.607
66.038
66.431
66.776
67.068
32.2 5
32.2 5
40.388
40.611
41.045
41.453
41.836
42.193
42.526
42.836
43.124
43.396
43.655
43.909
44.163
44.424
44.697
44.988
45.298
45.625
45.967
46.323
46.694
47.082
47.484
47.894
48.303
48.701
49.073
49.414
49.717
49.981
50.21
50.418
50.613
50.8
50.973
51.116
51.204
51.222
51.167
51.045
50.866
50.645
50.411
50.195
50.022
49.917
49.898
49.968
50.128
50.383
50.736
51.188
51.725
52.326
52.974
53.651
54.34
55.029
55.702
56.345
30.4 5
30.4 5
40.3
40.3
38.3
38.3
38.1
41.8
49.9
51
51.143
51.438
51.753
52.087
52.441
52.814
53.206
53.616
54.041
54.48
54.931
55.392
55.86
56.335
56.817
57.309
57.811
58.325
58.853
59.39
59.933
60.48
61.035
61.601
62.198
62.848
63.557
64.321
65.12
65.929
66.713
67.438
68.07
68.589
68.975
69.217
69.335
69.352
69.284
69.153
68.982
68.791
68.604
68.437
68.304
68.209
68.144
68.102
68.084
68.09
68.119
68.167
68.233
68.318
68.422
68.55
68.703
68.881
69.081
28.968
29.221
29.727
30.231
30.734
31.237
31.738
32.239
32.739
33.239
33.738
34.238
34.739
35.24
35.742
36.28
36.901
37.603
38.341
39.048
39.535
39.581
39.093
38.085
36.668
35.111
33.767
32.936
32.806
33.414
34.654
36.297
38.015
39.556
40.821
41.793
42.54
43.226
43.978
44.829
45.793
46.855
47.967
49.084
50.189
51.271
52.326
53.355
54.356
55.318
56.225
57.062
57.825
58.514
59.133
59.69
60.199
60.677
61.14
61.598
31.3 5
31.3 5
40.134
40.419
40.979
41.518
42.037
42.535
43.013
43.473
43.914
44.341
44.756
45.164
45.57
45.981
46.4
46.835
47.29
47.764
48.257
48.77
49.302
49.854
50.421
50.998
51.577
52.154
52.724
53.282
53.823
54.339
54.823
55.27
55.678
56.048
56.381
56.675
56.932
57.157
57.357
57.541
57.718
57.897
58.082
58.278
58.488
58.706
58.925
59.137
59.342
59.544
59.757
59.996
60.275
60.598
60.962
61.358
61.769
62.178
62.569
62.934
69
57.914
58.098
58.466
58.835
59.204
59.575
59.946
60.318
60.69
61.061
61.431
61.799
62.163
62.523
62.879
63.231
63.58
63.928
64.274
64.614
64.945
65.26
65.555
65.83
66.086
66.327
66.559
66.788
67.019
67.256
67.498
67.746
67.995
68.24
68.478
68.704
68.912
69.101
69.27
69.42
69.553
69.672
69.782
69.889
69.996
70.106
70.223
70.346
70.474
70.607
70.745
70.884
71.023
71.161
71.296
71.428
71.56
71.692
71.825
71.96
32.9 5
32.9 5
38.8 5
38.8
45.7
54.5
58.223
58.418
58.833
59.295
59.806
60.363
60.962
61.596
62.25
62.9
63.52
64.081
64.554
64.923
65.184
65.346
65.43
65.47
65.502
65.544
65.615
65.724
65.865
66.031
66.22
66.424
66.633
66.837
67.026
67.2
67.359
67.511
67.665
67.825
67.992
68.164
68.338
68.507
68.664
68.802
68.916
69.001
69.055
69.08
69.075
69.036
68.96
68.853
68.725
68.592
68.477
68.405
68.392
68.444
68.565
68.745
68.97
69.216
69.462
69.701
28.8 5
28.8
31.22
33.72
43.606
43.854
44.35
44.848
45.347
45.848
46.349
46.851
47.351
47.848
48.339
48.822
49.298
49.77
50.244
50.732
51.244
51.791
52.379
53.013
53.694
54.423
55.19
55.987
56.807
57.649
58.513
59.397
60.291
61.183
62.052
62.877
63.648
64.361
65.017
65.628
66.217
66.805
67.404
68.015
68.63
69.232
69.802
70.323
70.788
71.193
71.54
71.84
72.106
72.343
72.558
72.757
72.942
73.118
73.29
73.462
73.634
73.807
73.98
74.153
35 5
35 5
35.43
31.34
38.1
41.732
42.196
43.124
44.05
44.973
45.892
46.806
47.71
48.596
49.452
50.264
51.016
51.698
52.304
52.841
53.323
53.772
54.215
54.671
55.151
55.659
56.196
56.745
57.293
57.829
58.34
58.813
59.242
59.628
59.978
60.299
60.603
60.909
61.233
61.587
61.984
62.432
62.927
63.462
64.031
64.626
65.236
65.848
66.449
67.031
67.586
68.114
68.619
69.1
69.553
69.971
70.344
70.671
70.952
71.191
71.396
71.574
71.738
71.898
72.06
50.497
50.709
51.132
51.553
51.972
52.39
52.805
53.22
53.634
54.049
54.467
54.887
55.311
55.737
56.162
56.581
56.99
57.384
57.758
58.11
58.434
58.726
58.989
59.227
59.448
59.663
59.885
60.122
60.38
60.658
60.955
61.265
61.574
61.87
62.142
62.374
62.549
62.667
62.733
62.756
62.755
62.754
62.776
62.834
62.936
63.078
63.251
63.435
63.612
63.775
63.916
64.031
64.125
64.206
64.284
64.372
64.485
64.634
64.825
65.059
25.3 5
25.3 5
23.9
26.4
28.8
39
39.241
39.729
40.227
40.736
41.254
41.782
42.319
42.863
43.413
43.965
44.518
45.07
45.617
46.163
46.72
47.31
47.936
48.585
49.234
49.838
50.342
50.709
50.921
50.979
50.903
50.734
50.525
50.324
50.154
50.037
49.979
49.96
49.952
49.933
49.864
49.699
49.416
49.013
48.503
47.91
47.273
46.648
46.09
45.641
45.341
45.216
45.259
45.46
45.812
46.312
46.95
47.696
48.516
49.378
50.251
51.11
51.94
52.73
53.465
36.6 5
36.6
36.6 5
46.95
50
49.8
24.7
19.4
18.2
28.7
35.3
55.2
45.1
57.8
60.6
64.276
64.719
65.579
66.385
67.135
67.831
68.471
69.055
69.582
69.43 1
71.06 1
71.34 1
70.76 1
71.39 1
72.19 1
71.63 1
71.9 1
71.5 1
71.59 1
70.97 1
70.87 1
71.1 1
70.86 1
71.05 1
70.94 1
70.28 1
70.34 1
70.02 1
69.98 1
69.72 1
69.7 1
69.74 1
69.9 1
69.88 1
69.57 1
69.88 1
71.24 1
71.04 1
70.93 1
70.88 1
70.46 1
69.64 1
69 1
68.31 1
67.7 1
66.79 1
67.11 1
67.69 1
68.57 1
68.15 1
67.79 1
67.93 1
67.81 1
67.87 1
67.73 1
67.31 1
67.96 1
68.17
68.306
68.454
30.7 5
30.7 5
46.987
47.205
47.664
48.17
48.722
49.321
49.965
50.653
51.381
52.144
52.934
53.744
54.564
55.383
56.191
56.978
57.733
58.459
59.16
59.842
60.522
61.219
61.947
62.709
63.497
64.289
65.058
65.776
66.428
67.01
67.534
68.018
68.491
68.974
69.475
69.994
70.525
71.051
71.563
72.058
72.539
73.015
73.49
73.965
74.434
74.883
75.296
75.659
75.967
76.218
76.417
76.573
76.702
76.82
76.935
77.055
77.182
77.313
77.446
77.581
40.02 5
40.02
40.58
41.25
40.84
40.47
41.43
40.89
40.56
41.7 2
41.35 2
41.86 2
41.55 2
42.56 2
39.96 2
38.33 2
39.5 2
37.38 2
42.8 2
41.42 2
40.93 2
40.56 2
39.34 2
41.03 2
43.25 2
41.88 2
40.04 2
40.84 2
43.01 2
42.38 2
42.52 2
40.4 2
39.97 2
40.65 2
40.41 2
42.62 2
42 2
41.67 2
40.95 2
41.31 2
42.9 2
43.78 2
42.13 2
41.85 2
43.69 2
44.7 2
43.01 2
44.27 2
43.78 2
46.11 2
44.87 2
45.09 2
44.79 2
45.76 2
45.33 2
45.65 2
46.81 2
46.34 2
44.75 2
44.29 2
45.51 2
44.87 2
48.34 2
45.73 2
47.41 2
47.23 2
46.98 2
46.13 2
46.32 2
47.91 2
49.08 2
50.43 2
49.11 2
50.86 2
50.58 2
51.44 2
51.84 2
52.52 2
53.99 2
51.54 2
54.55 2
53.83 2
51.99 2
48.2 2
47.73 2
45.57 2
40.43 2
54.12 2
56.6 2
58.35 2
57.13 1
59.4 1
58.17 1
58.51 1
59.66 1
59.04 1
59.99 1
57.71 1
60.89 1
60.11 1
60.63 1
60.67 1
61.4 1
62.05 1
61.85 1
61.88 1
63.3 1
63.69 1
60.97 1
61.37 1
63.99 1
64.01 1
64.85 1
65.85 1
66.47 1
66.44 1
68.5 1
68.19 1
68.7 1
68.3 1
69.6 1
69.87 1
70.24 1
70.21 1
70.48 1
70.6 1
70.78 1
70.88 1
71.1 1
70.85 1
70.92 1
70.83 1
71.62 1
71.61 1
71.53 1
72.16 1
71.79 1
71.75 1
72 1
72.32 1
72.1 1
72.31 1
72.51 1
72.78 1
72.76 1
73.25 1
73.18 1
73.29 1
73.72 1
74.06 1
74.19 1
74.44 1
74.83 1
74.68 1
74.95 1
75.3 1
75.41 1
75.55 1
75.89 1
76.06 1
76.46 1
76.32 1
76.88 1
76.78 1
77.05 1
77.31 1
77.45 1
77.56 1
78.04 1
78.31 1
78.43 1
78.52 1
79.1 1
79.3 1
79.53 1
79.344
79.499
79.642
39.41 5
39.41
45.21
49.3
50.5
50.6
49.6
50.3
50.1
50.2
51.9
52.8
51.8
53.4
54.1
53.5
54.6
55.1
54.2
54
47.2
55.3
55.4
58.2
58.1
57.5
58.5
58.5
57.9
59.4
58.3
58.5
59.6
60.3
61
60.95 1
60.31 1
60.97 1
60.42 1
61.11 1
62.44 1
63.12 1
63.28 1
63.84 1
64.63 1
64.34 1
65.13 1
65.63 1
66.33 1
66.73 1
67.3 1
67.68 1
68.12 1
68.22 1
68.44 1
68.79 1
69.58 1
69.63 1
69.71 1
69.49 1
69.76 1
69.98 1
69.91 1
70.32 1
70.21 1
70.04 1
70.33 1
70.41 1
70.43 1
70.76 1
70.42 1
70.66 1
70.92 1
71.24 1
71.34 1
71.54 1
72.08 1
72.68 1
72.99 1
73.38 1
73.58 1
74.03 1
73.93 1
74.36 1
74.65 1
74.71 1
74.82 1
74.79 1
74.87 1
75.01 1
75.03 1
75.31 1
75.6 1
75.8 1
76.08 1
75.83 1
76 1
76.09 1
76.44 1
76.8 1
76.97 1
76.97 1
77.13 1
77.25 1
77.31 1
77.49 1
77.92 1
77.93 1
78.21
79.093
79.265
79.43
32.9 5
32.9 5
65.977
66.04
66.175
66.332
66.511
66.711
66.93
67.165
67.41
67.657
67.894
68.11
68.294
68.438
68.54
68.603
68.633
68.644
68.65
68.661
68.685
68.73
68.795
68.883
68.997
69.142
69.32
69.529
69.763
70.017
70.284
70.558
70.831
71.096
71.349
71.585
71.801
72.001
72.188
72.368
72.544
72.723
72.911
73.11
73.321
73.542
73.77
74
74.226
74.447
74.663
74.875
75.085
75.296
75.505
75.714
75.919
76.119
76.312
76.499
54.959
55.17
55.593
56.014
56.433
56.85
57.266
57.681
58.096
58.513
58.931
59.353
59.779
60.207
60.634
61.055
61.467
61.864
62.241
62.596
62.923
63.218
63.482
63.722
63.944
64.159
64.38
64.616
64.871
65.147
65.446
65.767
66.098
66.421
66.718
66.961
67.115
67.169
67.127
67
66.821
66.63
66.47
66.372
66.348
66.398
66.506
66.638
66.769
66.888
66.99
67.072
67.145
67.218
67.296
67.386
67.496
67.63
67.789
67.974
40.8
41.1
41.7
42.3
42.9
43.5
44.1
44.7
45.3
45.9
46.5
47.1
47.7
48.3
48.9
49.5
50.1
50.7
51.3
51.9
52.5
53.1
53.7
54.3
54.9
55.504
56.116
56.736
57.361
57.982
58.583
59.142
59.65
60.107
60.521
60.919
61.337
61.801
62.324
62.902
63.509
64.107
64.657
65.135
65.534
65.866
66.154
66.435
66.734
67.062
67.419
67.799
68.183
68.557
68.916
69.257
69.582
69.894
70.198
70.495
32.2 5
32.2
33.9
39.9
54.056
54.338
54.904
55.472
56.044
56.618
57.195
57.776
58.358
58.943
59.529
60.115
60.699
61.279
61.852
62.414
62.964
63.501
64.02
64.52
64.995
65.445
65.867
66.261
66.628
66.963
67.263
67.531
67.772
67.997
68.219
68.456
68.718
69.008
69.326
69.661
70
70.324
70.62
70.88
71.103
71.291
71.453
71.6
71.736
71.864
71.985
72.101
72.213
72.326
72.446
72.578
72.724
72.885
73.061
73.249
73.445
73.643
73.839
74.031
42.118
42.384
42.91
43.426
43.931
44.426
44.911
45.388
45.861
46.336
46.818
47.318
47.845
48.41
49.022
49.694
50.438
51.254
52.131
53.06
54.024
55.005
55.982
56.939
57.861
58.744
59.589
60.406
61.201
61.971
62.71
63.41
64.067
64.682
65.258
65.807
66.343
66.877
67.415
67.953
68.482
68.985
69.445
69.853
70.208
70.515
70.785
71.034
71.276
71.518
71.762
72.008
72.248
72.479
72.701
72.916
73.126
73.332
73.537
73.741
34.748
34.94
35.323
35.705
36.086
36.466
36.845
37.223
37.6
37.976
38.352
38.727
39.103
39.479
39.857
40.23
40.59
40.938
41.282
41.637
42.027
42.482
43.022
43.654
44.379
45.186
46.055
46.958
47.869
48.772
49.666
50.556
51.452
52.354
53.251
54.123
54.945
55.702
56.387
57
57.549
58.05
58.527
59.001
59.483
59.981
60.498
61.027
61.56
62.092
62.618
63.13
63.622
64.092
64.537
64.961
65.366
65.76
66.147
66.53
32 5
32 5
33
39.422
39.669
40.165
40.66
41.155
41.65
42.145
42.64
43.134
43.63
44.125
44.621
45.117
45.614
46.11
46.595
47.055
47.491
47.913
48.342
48.82
49.4
50.109
50.952
51.915
52.955
54.009
55.015
55.929
56.738
57.448
58.086
58.706
59.35
60.04
60.797
61.631
62.53
63.472
64.441
65.41
66.35
67.237
68.054
68.791
69.45
70.042
70.589
71.109
71.605
72.076
72.513
72.908
73.256
73.561
73.828
74.066
74.285
74.495
74.701
57.404
57.905
58.865
59.743
60.538
61.25
61.883
62.439
62.927
63.357
63.745
64.107
64.46
64.821
65.198
65.597
66.015
66.442
66.867
67.29
67.708
68.123
68.535
68.943
69.345
69.736
70.111
70.467
70.804
71.125
71.436
71.745
72.058
72.382
72.717
73.061
73.41
73.755
74.092
74.419
74.734
75.042
75.344
75.642
75.938
76.229
76.515
76.793
77.061
77.317
77.559
77.786
77.997
78.194
78.378
78.55
78.713
78.87
79.022
79.172
33 5
33 5
31.912
32.078
32.403
32.714
33.01
33.293
33.562
33.818
34.065
34.305
34.543
34.786
35.04
35.314
35.616
35.951
36.322
36.731
37.179
37.672
38.218
38.825
39.493
40.222
41.008
41.853
42.754
43.704
44.686
45.685
46.683
47.664
48.617
49.529
50.39
51.19
51.925
52.603
53.233
53.82
54.371
54.893
55.395
55.883
56.365
56.843
57.318
57.788
58.251
58.71
59.168
59.628
60.091
60.559
61.031
61.507
61.984
62.459
62.93
63.394
35.3 5
35.3 5
52.1
54.96
59.04
62.2
65.1
67.46
69.59
69.56
70.83
71.815
72.562
73.444
74.175
32.6 5
32.6 5
41.222
41.43
41.845
42.26
42.673
43.086
43.496
43.904
44.309
44.707
45.095
45.473
45.839
46.194
46.543
46.896
47.267
47.663
48.086
48.532
48.992
49.457
49.91
50.335
50.72
51.054
51.33
51.55
51.72
51.842
51.927
51.991
52.042
52.082
52.105
52.103
52.065
51.97
51.797
51.526
51.118
50.533
49.77
48.849
47.808
46.69
45.546
44.445
43.454
42.633
42.041
41.723
41.67
41.858
42.271
42.883
43.657
44.537
45.467
46.402
33.7 5
33.7 5
47.649
47.861
48.283
48.701
49.115
49.525
49.93
50.332
50.727
51.116
51.497
51.869
52.23
52.581
52.922
53.254
53.579
53.898
54.217
54.536
54.859
55.185
55.516
55.854
56.204
56.577
56.987
57.437
57.921
58.43
58.958
59.497
60.027
60.517
60.935
61.262
61.483
61.581
61.527
61.28
60.762
59.892
58.653
57.074
55.209
53.132
50.93
48.728
46.655
44.818
43.319
42.23
41.538
41.223
41.276
41.681
42.401
43.364
44.491
45.721
78.9
81
78.25
80
80.83
81.8
80.63
79.88
80
80.1 4
Sources and references (explanations of the abbreviations used in the data sheet)
Abbreviations:
HMD (2009)
HMD (2011)
HMD (2013)
UN:WPP (2008)
UN:WPP (2010)
WPP (2012)
HLD
Riley (2005a)
Riley (2005b)
Riley file
Gapminder guesstimate
Interpolation
Administrator of Tokelau (2006)
e2560.
Estimate from Boyle & O Grada (1986).
The Human Mortality Database. Joint project of the Department of Demography at the University of
California, Berkeley, USA, and at the Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research in Rostock. Downloaded
in 2011. There has been som additions and some minor revisions since 2009.
The Human Mortality Database. Joint project of the Department of Demography at the University of
California, Berkeley, USA, and at the Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research in Rostock. Downloaded
in 2013, july. There has been som additions and some minor revisions since 2009.
United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects: The 2006 Revision. Life expectancy at birth,
both sexes.
United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision. Life expectancy at birth,
both sexes.
United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects: The 2012 Revision. Life expectancy at birth,
both sexes.
The Human Life-Table Database. Joint project of the Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research (MPIDR)
in Rostock, Germany, the Department of Demography at the University of California at Berkeley, USA and the
Institut national d'études démographiques (INED) in Paris, France. Estimates from HLD is generally
lessreliable than estimates from HMD.
Riley, James C (2005a), "Estimates of Regional and Global Life Expectancy, 1800–2001." Population and
development review 31(3): 537–543 (September 2005)
Riley, James C (2005b), "The Timing and Pace of Health Transitions around the World". Population and
development review 31(4): 741–764 (December 2005)
Estimates from in total over 700 different sources, compiled by Professor James Riley, and described in
www.lifetable.de/RileyBib.htm .
Estimate from a file by James Riley, see above, though not preferred by him. Gapminder choose to use this
estimate though James Riley did not consider this a solid estimate.
Riley, James C ( no date ) Bibliography of Works Providing Estimates of Life Expectancy at Birth and Estimates
of the Beginning Period of Health Transitions in Countries with a Population in 2000 of at Least 400,000.
Compiled by James C. Riley.
Gapminder model for historical life expectancy: A fixed pre-transition level was assumed until the onset of
transition (sometimes interrupted with a specific disaster). The pre-transition level were in these cases based
on the following: the earliest available estimates before the onset of the transition. There are some variants
on this method. These are described in the notes of the data-tab.
Gapminder model for historical life expectancy: A fixed pre-transition level was assumed until the onset of
transition (sometimes interrupted with a specific disaster). The pre-transition level were in these cases based
on the following: Each country on the continent was given a ranking, based on their relative positions in
1950-55. This was done whether or not the continent average was used for this country. The median country
was set at the continent average, and then countries were evenly spread around the continent average, with
difference of 0.1 years between each, irrespective of the magnitude of relative differences in 1950-55. Even
though all countries on the continent were included in calculating the model, the estimates obtained were
only used for countries lacking an estimate that could be used as a baseline. The continent averages were
taken from Riley (2005a) and Riley (2005b). There are some variants on this method. These are described in
the notes of the data-tab.
Gapminder model for historical life expectancy: A fixed pre-transition level was assumed until the onset of
transition (sometimes interrupted with a specific disaster). The pre-transition level were in these cases based
on the following: Each country with early estimates of 25 or under, was given a ranking, based on their
relative positions in 1950 (according to WPP 2008). Countries were then given a baseline of 25 + 0.1*[their
ranking], meaning that the country with the lowest life expectancy in 1950 (ranking 1) had the baseline 25.1
etc. There are some variants on this method. These are described in the notes of the data-tab.
Guesstimate by gapminder based on a variety of rough methods or sources. Details are given in the notes for
each observation in the data-tab.
We made an linear interpolation between two observations.
REPORT OF THE ADMINISTRATOR OF TOKELAU 2006
FEWS NET (2013), "Mortality among populations of southern and central Somalia affected by severe food
insecurity and famine during 2010-2012"
Boyle and o'Grada (1986), "Fertility trends, excess mortality, and the Great Irish Famine", Demography, vol
23, no 4, pp. 543-562.
National statistics china (Taiwan) (2013), "Key Economic and Social Indicators"
A figure reported in "the straits times" october 23, 2011. They cite Taiwan Minisitry of Interior as their
source.
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2012 (131st Edition) Washington, DC, 2011
Wrigley etal (1997), "English population from family reconstitution 1580-1837", table A9.1
Can be reached online at:
www.mortality.org
www.mortality.org
www.mortality.org
http://data.un.org/Search.aspx?q=life+expectancy+datamart%5bPopDiv%5d
http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/index.htm
http://esa.un.org/wpp/
www.lifetable.de
http://ideas.repec.org/a/bla/popdev/v31y2005i3p537-543.html
http://www.jstor.org/pss/3401524
http://www.gapminder.org/data/documentation/gd004/
http://www.gapminder.org/data/documentation/gd004/
http://www.lifetable.de/RileyBib.htm
http://www.gapminder.org/data/
documentation/gd004/
http://www.gapminder.org/data/documentation/gd004/
http://www.gapminder.org/data/documentation/gd004/
www.parliament.nz/NR/rdonlyres/F6827E2D-CE67-4419-9D2F-66B8B45D54A1/88189/DBHOH_PAP_14167_3644.pdf
http://www.fsnau.org/in-focus/study-report-mortality-among-populations-southern-and-central-somalia-affected-severe-foo
http://irserver.ucd.ie/dspace/bitstream/10197/401/3/ogradac_article_pub_096.pdf
www.popest.ee/node/29
http://eng.stat.gov.tw/lp.asp?ctNode=2191&CtUnit=1050&BaseDSD=7&MP=5
www.asub.ax/files/BE13en.xls
http://ssnbs.org/storage/South%20Sudan%20Statistical%20Yearbook%202011%20FINAL.pdf
www.straitstimes.com/BreakingNews/
ANN/Story/STIStory_726387.html
www.census.gov/compendia/statab/
http://www.cambridge.org/gb/knowledge/isbn/item1115573/?site_locale=en_GB
This is an old version! No longer in use! Version 2
Life expectancy at
birth (including
Country Year Gapminder model - Our source
not to be used for
statistical analysis)
progress estimated to halt during civil war 1956-1960, then resume at same level
5
Only Africans? = Carvalho (1979) ?
5
Riley's online bibliography: "Somoza (1971a, 1971b, and 1973) and Pérez Brignoli (1989) provide estimates that suggest that li
Crude average of the oceania indigenous estima 5
Riley (2005b) assumes hCrude average of the oceania indigenous estima 5
Extrapolated from earliest estimate, which is a 5
1868-1871 Findl, Peter: Mortalität und Lebenserwartung in den österreichischen Alpenländern im
Riley's online bibliogra 1879-1882 Findl, Peter: Mortalität und Lebenserwartung in den österreichischen Alpenländern im
1889-1892 Findl, Peter: Mortalität und Lebenserwartung in den österreichischen Alpenländern im
1899-1902 Findl, Peter: Mortalität und Lebenserwartung in den österreichischen Alpenländern im
Helczmanovszki, 1973
1909-1912 Findl, Peter: Mortalität und Lebenserwartung in den österreichischen Alpenländern im
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
5
Riley (2005) estimates 1940s (1945). However, Gapminder chose to ass 5
5
Ahmed (1963) ?
Ahmed (1963) ?
5
This estimate is from a file by Riley. Assuming same timing of health transition as Russia (1900, according to Riley 2005b), this
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
he earliest HMD estimate, as well as average of the five earliest estimates, are abov 5
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
Riley (2005) estimates Riley's online bib Siampos, George S. 1970. “The Population of Cambodia, 1945-1980,” Milbank Memo
5
South Cameroon oAyeni (1976)
South Cameroon only, may be too high 5
First estimate is from 1831, when transition w 5
Riley (2005) estimates 1820s or 30s (183 Bourbeau, Légaré & Émond (1997), http://www.statcan.ca/english/research/91F001
Bourbeau, Légaré & Émond (1997), http://www.statcan.ca/english/research/91F001
Bourbeau, Légaré & Émond (1997), http://www.statcan.ca/english/research/91F001
Bourbeau, Légaré & Émond (1997), http://www.statcan.ca/english/research/91F001
Bourbeau, Légaré & Émond (1997), http://www.statcan.ca/english/research/91F001
Bourbeau, Légaré & Émond (1997), http://www.statcan.ca/english/research/91F001
Bourbeau, Légaré & Émond (1997), http://www.statcan.ca/english/research/91F001
Bourbeau, Légaré & Émond (1997), http://www.statcan.ca/english/research/91F001
Bourbeau, Légaré & Émond (1997), http://www.statcan.ca/english/research/91F001
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
5
Riley-bib estimates health transition in 1930s, based on UN estimate f 5
Riley (2005) estimates 1930s-50s (1950)
5
5
5
5
5
Perez Brignolli (1989)
Perez Brignolli (1989)
Perez Brignolli (1989)
Perez Brignolli (1989)
Perez Brignolli (1989)
Perez Brignolli (1989)
Perez Brignolli (1989)
Perez Brignolli (1989)
Perez Brignolli (1989)
Perez Brignolli (1989)
5
Riley (2005) estimates 1920s (1925) 5
Caldwell et al (1986)
Caldwell et al (1986)
Caldwell et al (1986)
Caldwell et al (1986)
Caldwell et al (1986)
Using the estimateLuo, Sheng. 1988. Reconstruction of Life Tables and Age Distributions for the Populati
Using the estimateLuo, Sheng. 1988. Reconstruction of Life Tables and Age Distributions for the Populati
Using the estimateLuo, Sheng. 1988. Reconstruction of Life Tables and Age Distributions for the Populati
Using the estimateLuo, Sheng. 1988. Reconstruction of Life Tables and Age Distributions for the Populati
Using the estimateLuo, Sheng. 1988. Reconstruction of Life Tables and Age Distributions for the Populati
Using the estimateLuo, Sheng. 1988. Reconstruction of Life Tables and Age Distributions for the Populati
Using the estimateLuo, Sheng. 1988. Reconstruction of Life Tables and Age Distributions for the Populati
Using the estimateLuo, Sheng. 1988. Reconstruction of Life Tables and Age Distributions for the Populati
Using the estimateLuo, Sheng. 1988. Reconstruction of Life Tables and Age Distributions for the Populati
Using the estimateLuo, Sheng. 1988. Reconstruction of Life Tables and Age Distributions for the Populati
Using the estimateLuo, Sheng. 1988. Reconstruction of Life Tables and Age Distributions for the Populati
Using the estimateLuo, Sheng. 1988. Reconstruction of Life Tables and Age Distributions for the Populati
Using the estimateLuo, Sheng. 1988. Reconstruction of Life Tables and Age Distributions for the Populati
Using the estimateLuo, Sheng. 1988. Reconstruction of Life Tables and Age Distributions for the Populati
Using the estimateLuo, Sheng. 1988. Reconstruction of Life Tables and Age Distributions for the Populati
Using the estimateLuo, Sheng. 1988. Reconstruction of Life Tables and Age Distributions for the Populati
Using the estimateLuo, Sheng. 1988. Reconstruction of Life Tables and Age Distributions for the Populati
Using the estimateLuo, Sheng. 1988. Reconstruction of Life Tables and Age Distributions for the Populati
Using the estimateLuo, Sheng. 1988. Reconstruction of Life Tables and Age Distributions for the Populati
Using the estimateLuo, Sheng. 1988. Reconstruction of Life Tables and Age Distributions for the Populati
Using the estimateLuo, Sheng. 1988. Reconstruction of Life Tables and Age Distributions for the Populati
Using the estimateLuo, Sheng. 1988. Reconstruction of Life Tables and Age Distributions for the Populati
Using the estimateLuo, Sheng. 1988. Reconstruction of Life Tables and Age Distributions for the Populati
Using the estimateLuo, Sheng. 1988. Reconstruction of Life Tables and Age Distributions for the Populati
Using the estimateLuo, Sheng. 1988. Reconstruction of Life Tables and Age Distributions for the Populati
Using the estimateLuo, Sheng. 1988. Reconstruction of Life Tables and Age Distributions for the Populati
Using the estimateLuo, Sheng. 1988. Reconstruction of Life Tables and Age Distributions for the Populati
Using the estimateLuo, Sheng. 1988. Reconstruction of Life Tables and Age Distributions for the Populati
Using the estimateLuo, Sheng. 1988. Reconstruction of Life Tables and Age Distributions for the Populati
5
5
Arriaga et al
Riley's online bibliography assumes health transition in 1930s (estima 5
Arriaga et al
Arriaga et al
5
5
5
Riley (2005) estimates health transition 1930s or 40s (1940). 5
5
5
5
Rosero (1985) or Rosero & Caamaño (1984) or Mata & Rosero (1988)
Riley (2005) estimates 1890s-1920s (1890) 5
Rosero (1985) or Rosero & Caamaño (1984) or Mata & Rosero (1988)
Rosero (1985) or Rosero & Caamaño (1984) or Mata & Rosero (1988)
Rosero (1985) or Rosero & Caamaño (1984) or Mata & Rosero (1988)
Rosero (1985) or Rosero & Caamaño (1984) or Mata & Rosero (1988)
Rosero (1985) or Rosero & Caamaño (1984) or Mata & Rosero (1988)
Rosero (1985) or Rosero & Caamaño (1984) or Mata & Rosero (1988)
5
5
5
Assuming same timing of health transition as Yugoslavia; Riley (2005 5
Estimate for 1799 From a file by Ja Garcia Quiñones (1996) repor 5
From a file by Ja Garcia Quiñones (1996) reports Gonzalez Quiñones’ unpublished 1994 inverse projec
From a file by Ja Garcia Quiñones (1996) reports Gonzalez Quiñones’ unpublished 1994 inverse projec
From a file by Ja Garcia Quiñones (1996) reports Gonzalez Quiñones’ unpublished 1994 inverse projec
From a file by Ja Garcia Quiñones (1996) reports Gonzalez Quiñones’ unpublished 1994 inverse projec
From a file by Ja Garcia Quiñones (1996) reports Gonzalez Quiñones’ unpublished 1994 inverse projec
From a file by Ja Garcia Quiñones (1996) reports Gonzalez Quiñones’ unpublished 1994 inverse projec
From a file by Ja Garcia Quiñones (1996) reports Gonzalez Quiñones’ unpublished 1994 inverse projec
From a file by Ja Garcia Quiñones (1996) reports Gonzalez Quiñones’ unpublished 1994 inverse projec
From a file by Ja Garcia Quiñones (1996) reports Gonzalez Quiñones’ unpublished 1994 inverse projec
From a file by Ja Garcia Quiñones (1996) reports Gonzalez Quiñones’ unpublished 1994 inverse projec
From a file by Ja Garcia Quiñones (1996) reports Gonzalez Quiñones’ unpublished 1994 inverse projec
From a file by Ja Garcia Quiñones (1996) reports Gonzalez Quiñones’ unpublished 1994 inverse projec
From a file by Ja Garcia Quiñones (1996) reports Gonzalez Quiñones’ unpublished 1994 inverse projec
From a file by Ja Garcia Quiñones (1996) reports Gonzalez Quiñones’ unpublished 1994 inverse projec
From a file by Ja Garcia Quiñones (1996) reports Gonzalez Quiñones’ unpublished 1994 inverse projec
From a file by Ja Garcia Quiñones (1996) reports Gonzalez Quiñones’ unpublished 1994 inverse projec
From a file by Ja Garcia Quiñones (1996) reports Gonzalez Quiñones’ unpublished 1994 inverse projec
From a file by Ja Garcia Quiñones (1996) reports Gonzalez Quiñones’ unpublished 1994 inverse projec
From a file by Ja Garcia Quiñones (1996) reports Gonzalez Quiñones’ unpublished 1994 inverse projec
From a file by Ja Garcia Quiñones (1996) reports Gonzalez Quiñones’ unpublished 1994 inverse projec
(Riley estimated tVelazguy, Toirac, and Farnos Morejon
(Riley estimated tVelazguy, Toirac, and Farnos Morejon
(Riley estimated tVelazguy, Toirac, and Farnos Morejon
(Riley estimated tVelazguy, Toirac, and Farnos Morejon
(Riley estimated tVelazguy, Toirac, and Farnos Morejon
(Riley estimated tVelazguy, Toirac, and Farnos Morejon
(Riley estimated tVelazguy, Toirac, and Farnos Morejon
(Riley estimated tVelazguy, Toirac, and Farnos Morejon
(Riley estimated tVelazguy, Toirac, and Farnos Morejon
(Riley estimated tVelazguy, Toirac, and Farnos Morejon
(Riley estimated tVelazguy, Toirac, and Farnos Morejon
5
St John-Jones, L.W. 1983. The Population of Cyprus: Demographic Trends and Socio-e
St John-Jones, L.W. 1983. The Population of Cyprus: Demographic Trends and Socio-e
St John-Jones, L.W. 1983. The Population of Cyprus: Demographic Trends and Socio-e
St John-Jones, L.W. 1983. The Population of Cyprus: Demographic Trends and Socio-e
St John-Jones, L.W. 1983. The Population of Cyprus: Demographic Trends and Socio-e
St John-Jones, L.W. 1983. The Population of Cyprus: Demographic Trends and Socio-e
5
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Health transition estimaGapminder made a rough interpolation between 33 (from Riley's bibliography) in the 1770s and earlies
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
5
5
5
Riley (2005) suggests 1930s or 40s (1940)
Riley (2005) suggests 1930s or 40s (1940)
Estimate from 1930s vary from 30-32 5
Askar (1982)
Askar (1982)
Askar (1982)
Askar (1982)
Askar (1982)
Askar (1982)
Askar (1982)
Askar (1982)
Askar (1982)
Askar (1982)
Askar (1982)
Askar (1982)
Askar (1982)
Askar (1982)
Askar (1982)
Askar (1982)
Askar (1982)
Askar (1982)
Askar (1982)
Askar (1982)
Askar (1982)
Askar (1982)
Askar (1982)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
5
5
For Fiji, Papua New Guinea and Solomon Islands 5
Riley (2005) suggests 1 For Fiji, Papua New Guinea and Solomon Islands 5
5
een 28.1 in 1790 (see Riley's biblio According to Riley's bibliography: Crude death rate and life expec28.8 (Riley file, though not preferred
Life table type 1 Vallin J., and Meslé, F. Tables de mortalité francaises pour les XIX et XX siècles et proj
Life table type 1 Vallin J., and Meslé, F. Tables de mortalité francaises pour les XIX et XX siècles et proj
Life table type 1 Vallin J., and Meslé, F. Tables de mortalité francaises pour les XIX et XX siècles et proj
Life table type 1 Vallin J., and Meslé, F. Tables de mortalité francaises pour les XIX et XX siècles et proj
Life table type 1 Vallin J., and Meslé, F. Tables de mortalité francaises pour les XIX et XX siècles et proj
Life table type 1 Vallin J., and Meslé, F. Tables de mortalité francaises pour les XIX et XX siècles et proj
Life table type 1 Vallin J., and Meslé, F. Tables de mortalité francaises pour les XIX et XX siècles et proj
Life table type 1 Vallin J., and Meslé, F. Tables de mortalité francaises pour les XIX et XX siècles et proj
Life table type 1 Vallin J., and Meslé, F. Tables de mortalité francaises pour les XIX et XX siècles et proj
Life table type 1 Vallin J., and Meslé, F. Tables de mortalité francaises pour les XIX et XX siècles et proj
HLD: 39.9
HLD: 38.7
HLD: 38.2
HLD: 37.1
HLD: 38.7
Riley's online bibliogra Rather than use extrapolation to show increase between 1790s & 1820s, I used estimates from Riley's
Crude death rate and life expectancy estimates for the eighteenth century, constructed from parish rec
Crude death rate and life expectancy estimates for the eighteenth century, constructed from parish rec
Crude death rate and life expectancy estimates for the eighteenth century, constructed from parish rec
Crude death rate and life expectancy estimates for the eighteenth century, constructed from parish rec
Crude death rate and life expectancy estimates for the eighteenth century, constructed from parish rec
Crude death rate and life expectancy estimates for the eighteenth century, constructed from parish rec
Crude death rate and life expectancy estimates for the eighteenth century, constructed from parish rec
Crude death rate and life expectancy estimates for the eighteenth century, constructed from parish rec
Crude death rate and life expectancy estimates for the eighteenth century, constructed from parish rec
Crude death rate and life expectancy estimates for the eighteenth century, constructed from parish rec
Crude death rate and life expectancy estimates for the eighteenth century, constructed from parish rec
Crude death rate and life expectancy estimates for the eighteenth century, constructed from parish rec
Crude death rate and life expectancy estimates for the eighteenth century, constructed from parish rec
Crude death rate and life expectancy estimates for the eighteenth century, constructed from parish rec
Crude death rate and life expectancy estimates for the eighteenth century, constructed from parish rec
Crude death rate and life expectancy estimates for the eighteenth century, constructed from parish rec
Crude death rate and life expectancy estimates for the eighteenth century, constructed from parish rec
Crude death rate and life expectancy estimates for the eighteenth century, constructed from parish rec
Crude death rate and life expectancy estimates for the eighteenth century, constructed from parish rec
Crude death rate and life expectancy estimates for the eighteenth century, constructed from parish rec
Crude death rate and life expectancy estimates for the eighteenth century, constructed from parish rec
Crude death rate and life expectancy estimates for the eighteenth century, constructed from parish rec
Crude death rate and life expectancy estimates for the eighteenth century, constructed from parish rec
Crude death rate and life expectancy estimates for the eighteenth century, constructed from parish rec
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
5
5
5
5
5
Riley (2005) estimates 1870s (1875) Imhof (1994)
Imhof (1994)
Imhof (1994)
Imhof (1994)
Estimate for 1910Statistisches Jahrbuch für das Deutsche Reich 1919: Ed. Statistisches Reichsamt, Vol.
Imhof (1994)
Imhof (1994)
Imhof (1994)
Imhof (1994)
Imhof (1994)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
5
Riley's online bibliography: Engman (1986Caldwell (1967)
Riley (2005) estimates 1920s (1925) 5
5
5
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
5
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Riley bibliography: "There is general agreement that mortality rose during the Japanese occ
Riley bibliography: "There is general agreement that mortality rose during the Japanese occ
Since the earliest estimate was 25 (for 1925, t 5
Riley (2005) suggests 1 Since the earliest estimate was 25, which is th 5
5
Riley (2005) suggests 1930s-40s (1940) 5
5
Riley (2005) suggests 1820s-90s (1860). Riley's online bibliography: Ir 5
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
too high?
5
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
5
5
Assuming a rapid recovery after the war, as given by literature, Gapminder assumes similar increase in
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
5
Riley (2005) suggests 1930s (1935) 5
No information on when health transition began, first data from 1868. 5
No information on when health transition began, first data from 1868. 5
Meffert
Meffert
Alternative estimaMeffert
Meffert
Meffert
Meffert
Meffert
Since the earliest estimates are below 25, whic 5
Riley estimates increaseSince the earliest estimates are below 25, whic 5
Riley estimates increase in life expectancCondé for estimate and timing; Beck 1970 and Ndege 2001 for probability of timing.
Since the earliest estimates are below 25, whic 5
Since the earliest estimates are below 25, whic 5
1906-10, both Koreas
1911-15, both Koreas
1916-20, both Koreas
1921-23, both Koreas
1926-30, both Koreas
1931-36, both Koreas
1936-40, both Koreas
1942, both Koreas
Since the earliest estimates are below 25, whic 5
Since the earliest estimates are below 25, whic 5
1906-10, both Koreas
1911-15, both Koreas
1916-20, both Koreas
1921-23, both Koreas
1926-30, both Koreas
1931-36, both Koreas
1936-40, both Koreas
1942, both Koreas
Hill, A (1975) 5
Hill, A (1975)
Riley (2005) suggests 1930s or 40s (1940) 5
5
Riley (2005b) suggests 1930s-1940s (1940) 5
two earliest estimates from Riley (1876 and 1924)
Based on Katus (2000) and extrapolation of data compiled by Riley, mortality is assumed to start decreasing in the later half of
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
5
Riley's online bibliogr Asia average 5
5
Riley (2005) suggests 1940s (1945) 5
5
Riley's online bibliography suggests 1940s 5
5
Riley (2005) suggests 1930s or 40s (1945) 5
Katus (2000) notes that Lithuania had somewhat 5
Katus (2000) states that Lithuania's health transition was later than t 5
Riley's online bibliography suggests 1890s or 1900s
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
5
Riley's online bibliography & Riley (2005) suggests 1870s or 1880s (18 5
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
5
Riley's online bibliography suggests 1940s or 50s 5
5
Riley's online bibliography suggests 1940s or 50s 5
5
Riley (2005) suggests 1910s-30s (1930) 5
5
Riley's online bibliography suggests 1940s or 50s 5
5
Riley's online bibliography suggests 1940s or 50s 5
5
1921-1927
1931-1937
Since the earliest estimate was below 25 but ad 5
Riley (2005b) assumed hSince the earliest estimate was below 25 but ad 5
Riley (2005b) assumed health transition Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Ji
Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Ji
Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Ji
Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Ji
Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Ji
Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Ji
Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Ji
Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Ji
Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Ji
Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Ji
Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Ji
Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Ji
Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Ji
Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Ji
Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Ji
Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Ji
Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Ji
Riley's online bi Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Ji
Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Ji
Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Ji
Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Ji
Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Ji
Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Ji
Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Ji
Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Ji
Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Ji
Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Ji
Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Ji
Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Ji
Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Ji
Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Ji
Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Ji
Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Ji
Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Ji
Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Ji
Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Ji
Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Ji
Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Ji
Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Ji
Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Ji
Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Ji
Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Ji
Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Ji
Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Ji
Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Ji
Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Ji
5
Riley (2005b) suggests 1940s or 50s (1950) 5
5
Assuming timing same as Yugoslavia total. Riley (2005) assumes 1900s 5
5
Riley-bib: Life expectancy probably began to rise and infant mortality 5
5
Riley (2005) suggests that mortality probably started to decline in the 1940s or 50s (1950).
5
Riley (2005b) suggests 1930s to 50s (1950).
Riley (2005b) suggests 1930s to 50s (1950).
5
Riley's online bibliography suggests 30s-40s 5
5
Riley (2005b) suggests 1940s or 50s (1950) 5
5
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Crude average of the oceania indigenous estimate (22.5) and the oceania european estimate (45.6) fro
Riley (2005b) assumes 1Crude average of the oceania indigenous average and the oceania european average.
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
??
5
Riley's online bibliography suggests 40s or 50s 5
5
Riley (2005) suggests 1940s or 50s (1950) 5
Brunborg, Helge. 1976. The I 5
Riley (2005b) suggests 1910s (1915) 5
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
5
Health transition between 1940-1970, and UN estimates may be too hi 5
Since earliest estimates were below 25, the bas 5
Since earliest estimates were below 25, the bas 5
Riley's bibliograp Rukanuddin & Iqbal Farooqui (1988)
Riley's bibliograp Rukanuddin & Iqbal Farooqui (1988)
Riley's bibliograp Rukanuddin & Iqbal Farooqui (1988)
1941-51 This estimate is n Ahmed (1963)
5
Riley (2005) suggests 1 Riley's online bibliography: Chamberlain (1929) shows that the crude death rate in Panama City and Co
Riley's online bibliography: Van de Kaa (1971) estimates life expectancy in 1946 at 31.5 years, a level high enough to allow for
Riley's online bibliography: Van de Kaa (1Van de Kaa, D. J. 1971. The Demography of Papua New Guinea’s Indigenous Populatio
5
Riley's online bibliography: Survival beg Arriaga, Eduardo E. 1968. New Life Tables for Latin American Populations in the Ninet
5
Riley (2005) suggests 1930s or 40s (1940)Peru. 1973. Oficina nacional de estadística y censos, Estudio sobre la población perua
5
see the documentationRiley's
f online bibliography: Several authoritie 5
During a famine
see the documentationRiley's
f online bibliography: Several authoritie 5
see the documentation for details 5
during a famine. Spanish flu?
see the documentation for details 5
Riley (2005b) suggests health transition in 1910-1930s (1930) 5
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
5
Riley (2005) suggests 1920s (1925) 5
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
5
Riley's online bibliography: After a long period of quite modest gains, life expectancy rose sharply in the
Riley's online bibliography: After a long period of quite modest gains, life expectancy rose sharply in the
Riley's online bibliography: After a long period of quite modest gains, life expectancy rose sharply in the
Riley's online bibliography: After a long period of quite modest gains, life expectancy rose sharply in the
5
Riley (2005) suggests 1930s or 1940s (1940). Riley's online bibliograph 5
5
Riley (2005) estimates 1910s or 20s (1920). Riley's online bibliography 5
Trebici, Vladimir. 1976. Romania’s Population and Demographic Trends. Trans. by Cat
5
?
?
Based on Riley (2005b, table 5) we have assume 5
Andreev, Evgeny M. 1994. “Life Expectancy and Causes of Death in the USSR,” pp. 27
Andreev, Evgeny M. 1994. “Life Expectancy and Causes of Death in the USSR,” pp. 27
Andreev, Evgeny M. 1994. “Life Expectancy and Causes of Death in the USSR,” pp. 27
Andreev, Evgeny M. 1994. “Life Expectancy and Causes of Death in the USSR,” pp. 27
Andreev, Evgeny M. 1994. “Life Expectancy and Causes of Death in the USSR,” pp. 27
Andreev, Evgeny M. 1994. “Life Expectancy and Causes of Death in the USSR,” pp. 27
Andreev, Evgeny M. 1994. “Life Expectancy and Causes of Death in the USSR,” pp. 27
Andreev, Evgeny M. 1994. “Life Expectancy and Causes of Death in the USSR,” pp. 27
Andreev, Evgeny M. 1994. “Life Expectancy and Causes of Death in the USSR,” pp. 27
Andreev, Evgeny M. 1994. “Life Expectancy and Causes of Death in the USSR,” pp. 27
Andreev, Evgeny M. 1994. “Life Expectancy and Causes of Death in the USSR,” pp. 27
Andreev, Evgeny M. 1994. “Life Expectancy and Causes of Death in the USSR,” pp. 27
Andreev, Evgeny M. 1994. “Life Expectancy and Causes of Death in the USSR,” pp. 27
Andreev, Evgeny M. 1994. “Life Expectancy and Causes of Death in the USSR,” pp. 27
Andreev, Evgeny M. 1994. “Life Expectancy and Causes of Death in the USSR,” pp. 27
Andreev, Evgeny M. 1994. “Life Expectancy and Causes of Death in the USSR,” pp. 27
Andreev, Evgeny M. 1994. “Life Expectancy and Causes of Death in the USSR,” pp. 27
Andreev, Evgeny M. 1994. “Life Expectancy and Causes of Death in the USSR,” pp. 27
Andreev, Evgeny M. 1994. “Life Expectancy and Causes of Death in the USSR,” pp. 27
Andreev, Evgeny M. 1994. “Life Expectancy and Causes of Death in the USSR,” pp. 27
Andreev, Evgeny M. 1994. “Life Expectancy and Causes of Death in the USSR,” pp. 27
Andreev, Evgeny M. 1994. “Life Expectancy and Causes of Death in the USSR,” pp. 27
Andreev, Evgeny M. 1994. “Life Expectancy and Causes of Death in the USSR,” pp. 27
Andreev, Evgeny M. 1994. “Life Expectancy and Causes of Death in the USSR,” pp. 27
Andreev, Evgeny M. 1994. “Life Expectancy and Causes of Death in the USSR,” pp. 27
We chose to use tAndreev, Evgeny M. 1994. “Life Expectancy and UN:
C WPP 2008: 63,606
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
5
Riley's online bibliography: "Niyibizi (1982) reports that survival beg 5
5
Riley's online bibliography suggests 1940s or 50s 5
Since earliest estimates were below 25, the bas 5
Since earliest estimates were below 25, the bas 5
Riley (2005b) suggests 1930s or 40s (1940)
Riley (2005b) suggests 1930s or 40s (1940)
5
Gapminder choose to assume same timing of health transition as for wh 5
Since earliest estimates were below 25, the bas 5
Since earliest estimates were below 25, the bas 5
5
using same timing as Yugoslavia 5
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Asia average 5
Langford & Storey (1993)
Langford & Storey (1993)
Langford & Storey (1993)
?
?
The Population of Sri Lanka. 1974. Colombo. ?
The Population of Sri Lanka. 1974. Colombo. ?
The Population of Sri Lanka. 1974. Colombo. ?
The Population of Sri Lanka. 1974. Colombo. ?
5
Riley (2005b) suggests Riley's online bibliography: "Bell (1996) sugges 5
5
Riley (2005b) suggests 1920s (1925. Riley's online bibliography: "Usin 5
5
5
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
5
Riley (2005b) suggests 1930s (1935). Riley's online bibliography: "Winc 5
5
Riley's online bibliography: "Mizraee (1979) locates the beginning of “steady and continuous” decline in infant and overall mor
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
5
No information from Riley (2005b). Riley's online bibliography: "The UN 5
5
from Riley file, not preferred. Questions have been raised about undercounting of infant deaths
from Riley file, not preferred. Questions have been raised about undercounting of infant deaths
from Riley file, not preferred. Questions have been raised about undercounting of infant deaths
from Riley file, not preferred. Questions have been raised about undercounting of infant deaths
from Riley file, not preferred. Questions have been raised about undercounting of infant deaths
from Riley file, not preferred. Questions have been raised about undercounting of infant deaths
from Riley file, not preferred. Questions have been raised about undercounting of infant deaths
from Riley file, not preferred. Questions have been raised about undercounting of infant deaths
Note: England & Wales only!! 2
Note: England & Wales only!! 2
Note: England & Wales only!! 2
Note: England & Wales only!! 2
Note: England & Wales only!! 2
Note: England & Wales only!! 2
Note: England & Wales only!! 2
Note: England & Wales only!! 2
Note: England & Wales only!! 2
Note: England & Wales only!! 2
Note: England & Wales only!! 2
Note: England & Wales only!! 2
Note: England & Wales only!! 2
Note: England & Wales only!! 2
Note: England & Wales only!! 2
Note: England & Wales only!! 2
Note: England & Wales only!! 2
Note: England & Wales only!! 2
Note: England & Wales only!! 2
Note: England & Wales only!! 2
Note: England & Wales only!! 2
Note: England & Wales only!! 2
Note: England & Wales only!! 2
Note: England & Wales only!! 2
Note: England & Wales only!! 2
Note: England & Wales only!! 2
Note: England & Wales only!! 2
Note: England & Wales only!! 2
Note: England & Wales only!! 2
Note: England & Wales only!! 2
Note: England & Wales only!! 2
Note: England & Wales only!! 2
Note: England & Wales only!! 2
Note: England & Wales only!! 2
Note: England & Wales only!! 2
Note: England & Wales only!! 2
Note: England & Wales only!! 2
Note: England & Wales only!! 2
Note: England & Wales only!! 2
Note: England & Wales only!! 2
Note: England & Wales only!! 2
Note: England & Wales only!! 2
Note: England & Wales only!! 2
Note: England & Wales only!! 2
Note: England & Wales only!! 2
Note: England & Wales only!! 2
Note: England & Wales only!! 2
Note: England & Wales only!! 2
Note: England & Wales only!! 2
Note: England & Wales only!! 2
Note: England & Wales only!! 2
Note: England & Wales only!! 2
Note: England & Wales only!! 2
Note: England & Wales only!! 2
Note: England & Wales only!! 2
Note: England & Wales only!! 2
Note: England & Wales only!! 2
Note: England & Wales only!! 2
Note: England & Wales only!! 2
Note: England & Wales only!! 2
Note: England & Wales only!! 2
Note: England & Wales only!! 2
Note: England & Wales only!! 2
Note: England & Wales only!! 2
Note: England & Wales only!! 2
Note: England & Wales only!! 2
Note: England & Wales only!! 2
Note: England & Wales only!! 2
Note: England & Wales only!! 2
Note: England & Wales only!! 2
Note: England & Wales only!! 2
Note: England & Wales only!! 2
Note: England & Wales only!! 2
Note: England & Wales only!! 2
Note: England & Wales only!! 2
Note: England & Wales only!! 2
Note: England & Wales only!! 2
Note: England & Wales only!! 2
Note: England & Wales only!! 2
Note: England & Wales only!! 2
Note: England & Wales only!! 2
From 1922 data is for the entire UK. 1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
5
Riley's online bib Haines (1994; 1999)
Riley's online bib Haines (1994; 1999)
Social security ar Felicitie C. Bell and Michael L. Miller. Life Tables for the United States Social Security A
Social security ar Felicitie C. Bell and Michael L. Miller. Life Tables for the United States Social Security A
Social security ar Felicitie C. Bell and Michael L. Miller. Life Tables for the United States Social Security A
Social security ar Felicitie C. Bell and Michael L. Miller. Life Tables for the United States Social Security A
Social security ar Felicitie C. Bell and Michael L. Miller. Life Tables for the United States Social Security A
Social security ar Felicitie C. Bell and Michael L. Miller. Life Tables for the United States Social Security A
Social security ar Felicitie C. Bell and Michael L. Miller. Life Tables for the United States Social Security A
Social security ar Felicitie C. Bell and Michael L. Miller. Life Tables for the United States Social Security A
Social security ar Felicitie C. Bell and Michael L. Miller. Life Tables for the United States Social Security A
Social security ar Felicitie C. Bell and Michael L. Miller. Life Tables for the United States Social Security A
Social security ar Felicitie C. Bell and Michael L. Miller. Life Tables for the United States Social Security A
Social security ar Felicitie C. Bell and Michael L. Miller. Life Tables for the United States Social Security A
Social security ar Felicitie C. Bell and Michael L. Miller. Life Tables for the United States Social Security A
Social security ar Felicitie C. Bell and Michael L. Miller. Life Tables for the United States Social Security A
Social security ar Felicitie C. Bell and Michael L. Miller. Life Tables for the United States Social Security A
Social security ar Felicitie C. Bell and Michael L. Miller. Life Tables for the United States Social Security A
Social security ar Felicitie C. Bell and Michael L. Miller. Life Tables for the United States Social Security A
Social security ar Felicitie C. Bell and Michael L. Miller. Life Tables for the United States Social Security A
Social security ar Felicitie C. Bell and Michael L. Miller. Life Tables for the United States Social Security A
Social security ar Felicitie C. Bell and Michael L. Miller. Life Tables for the United States Social Security A
Social security ar Felicitie C. Bell and Michael L. Miller. Life Tables for the United States Social Security A
Social security ar Felicitie C. Bell and Michael L. Miller. Life Tables for the United States Social Security A
Social security ar Felicitie C. Bell and Michael L. Miller. Life Tables for the United States Social Security A
Social security ar Felicitie C. Bell and Michael L. Miller. Life Tables for the United States Social Security A
Social security ar Felicitie C. Bell and Michael L. Miller. Life Tables for the United States Social Security A
Social security ar Felicitie C. Bell and Michael L. Miller. Life Tables for the United States Social Security A
Social security ar Felicitie C. Bell and Michael L. Miller. Life Tables for the United States Social Security A
Social security ar Felicitie C. Bell and Michael L. Miller. Life Tables for the United States Social Security A
Social security ar Felicitie C. Bell and Michael L. Miller. Life Tables for the United States Social Security A
Social security ar Felicitie C. Bell and Michael L. Miller. Life Tables for the United States Social Security A
Social security ar Felicitie C. Bell and Michael L. Miller. Life Tables for the United States Social Security A
Social security ar Felicitie C. Bell and Michael L. Miller. Life Tables for the United States Social Security A
1
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1
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1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
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1
1
1
1
1
1
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1
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5
5
5
Riley (2005b) assumed 1There is an alternative time series from Riley 5
timates that suggest that life expectancy began to rise in the period 1895-1905 from a level of some 33.3 years. Estimates for later years,
reichischen Alpenländern im Zeitalter der Hochindustrialisierung (1868 bis 1912), in: Österreichisches Statistisches Zentralamt (Eds.), Gesc
reichischen Alpenländern im Zeitalter der Hochindustrialisierung (1868 bis 1912), in: Österreichisches Statistisches Zentralamt (Eds.), Gesc
reichischen Alpenländern im Zeitalter der Hochindustrialisierung (1868 bis 1912), in: Österreichisches Statistisches Zentralamt (Eds.), Gesc
reichischen Alpenländern im Zeitalter der Hochindustrialisierung (1868 bis 1912), in: Österreichisches Statistisches Zentralamt (Eds,), Gesc
reichischen Alpenländern im Zeitalter der Hochindustrialisierung (1868 bis 1912), in: Österreichisches Statistisches Zentralamt (Eds.), Gesc
ording to Riley 2005b), this estimate also functions as an end to the baseline.
h 1920s or 30s
945-1980,” Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly 48: 317-60.
a/english/research/91F0015MIE/91F0015MIE1997003.pdf
a/english/research/91F0015MIE/91F0015MIE1997003.pdf
a/english/research/91F0015MIE/91F0015MIE1997003.pdf
a/english/research/91F0015MIE/91F0015MIE1997003.pdf
a/english/research/91F0015MIE/91F0015MIE1997003.pdf
a/english/research/91F0015MIE/91F0015MIE1997003.pdf
a/english/research/91F0015MIE/91F0015MIE1997003.pdf
a/english/research/91F0015MIE/91F0015MIE1997003.pdf
a/english/research/91F0015MIE/91F0015MIE1997003.pdf
istributions for the Population of China, by Year, from 1953 to 1982. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylvania. Abstract at
istributions for the Population of China, by Year, from 1953 to 1982. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylvania. Abstract at
istributions for the Population of China, by Year, from 1953 to 1982. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylvania. Abstract at
istributions for the Population of China, by Year, from 1953 to 1982. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylvania. Abstract at
istributions for the Population of China, by Year, from 1953 to 1982. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylvania. Abstract at
istributions for the Population of China, by Year, from 1953 to 1982. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylvania. Abstract at
istributions for the Population of China, by Year, from 1953 to 1982. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylvania. Abstract at
istributions for the Population of China, by Year, from 1953 to 1982. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylvania. Abstract at
istributions for the Population of China, by Year, from 1953 to 1982. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylvania. Abstract at
istributions for the Population of China, by Year, from 1953 to 1982. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylvania. Abstract at
istributions for the Population of China, by Year, from 1953 to 1982. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylvania. Abstract at
istributions for the Population of China, by Year, from 1953 to 1982. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylvania. Abstract at
istributions for the Population of China, by Year, from 1953 to 1982. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylvania. Abstract at
istributions for the Population of China, by Year, from 1953 to 1982. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylvania. Abstract at
istributions for the Population of China, by Year, from 1953 to 1982. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylvania. Abstract at
istributions for the Population of China, by Year, from 1953 to 1982. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylvania. Abstract at
istributions for the Population of China, by Year, from 1953 to 1982. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylvania. Abstract at
istributions for the Population of China, by Year, from 1953 to 1982. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylvania. Abstract at
istributions for the Population of China, by Year, from 1953 to 1982. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylvania. Abstract at
istributions for the Population of China, by Year, from 1953 to 1982. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylvania. Abstract at
istributions for the Population of China, by Year, from 1953 to 1982. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylvania. Abstract at
istributions for the Population of China, by Year, from 1953 to 1982. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylvania. Abstract at
istributions for the Population of China, by Year, from 1953 to 1982. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylvania. Abstract at
istributions for the Population of China, by Year, from 1953 to 1982. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylvania. Abstract at
istributions for the Population of China, by Year, from 1953 to 1982. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylvania. Abstract at
istributions for the Population of China, by Year, from 1953 to 1982. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylvania. Abstract at
istributions for the Population of China, by Year, from 1953 to 1982. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylvania. Abstract at
istributions for the Population of China, by Year, from 1953 to 1982. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylvania. Abstract at
istributions for the Population of China, by Year, from 1953 to 1982. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylvania. Abstract at
blished 1994 inverse projection estimates for 1799-1959,
blished 1994 inverse projection estimates for 1799-1959,
blished 1994 inverse projection estimates for 1799-1959,
blished 1994 inverse projection estimates for 1799-1959,
blished 1994 inverse projection estimates for 1799-1959,
blished 1994 inverse projection estimates for 1799-1959,
blished 1994 inverse projection estimates for 1799-1959,
blished 1994 inverse projection estimates for 1799-1959,
blished 1994 inverse projection estimates for 1799-1959,
blished 1994 inverse projection estimates for 1799-1959,
blished 1994 inverse projection estimates for 1799-1959,
blished 1994 inverse projection estimates for 1799-1959,
blished 1994 inverse projection estimates for 1799-1959,
blished 1994 inverse projection estimates for 1799-1959,
blished 1994 inverse projection estimates for 1799-1959,
blished 1994 inverse projection estimates for 1799-1959,
blished 1994 inverse projection estimates for 1799-1959,
blished 1994 inverse projection estimates for 1799-1959,
blished 1994 inverse projection estimates for 1799-1959,
blished 1994 inverse projection estimates for 1799-1959,
ographic Trends and Socio-economic Influences. Hounslow.
ographic Trends and Socio-economic Influences. Hounslow.
ographic Trends and Socio-economic Influences. Hounslow.
ographic Trends and Socio-economic Influences. Hounslow.
ographic Trends and Socio-economic Influences. Hounslow.
ographic Trends and Socio-economic Influences. Hounslow.
hy) in the 1770s and earliest estimate available, 38.35 in 1835 as given by www.mortality.org . Riley's online bibliography: "On the basis of
an Populations in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries. Berkeley.
file, though not preferred by Riley)
les XIX et XX siècles et projections pour le XXI siècle. Donneés Statistiques. N4-2001
les XIX et XX siècles et projections pour le XXI siècle. Donneés Statistiques. N4-2002
les XIX et XX siècles et projections pour le XXI siècle. Donneés Statistiques. N4-2003
les XIX et XX siècles et projections pour le XXI siècle. Donneés Statistiques. N4-2004
les XIX et XX siècles et projections pour le XXI siècle. Donneés Statistiques. N4-2005
les XIX et XX siècles et projections pour le XXI siècle. Donneés Statistiques. N4-2006
les XIX et XX siècles et projections pour le XXI siècle. Donneés Statistiques. N4-2007
les XIX et XX siècles et projections pour le XXI siècle. Donneés Statistiques. N4-2008
les XIX et XX siècles et projections pour le XXI siècle. Donneés Statistiques. N4-2009
les XIX et XX siècles et projections pour le XXI siècle. Donneés Statistiques. N4-2010
sed estimates from Riley's files, even though he did not consider them trustworthy enough to include in his timeseries.
constructed from parish records, show that life expectancy began to rise in the 1790s (Blayo, 1975) from a beginning level of 28.1 years. F
constructed from parish records, show that life expectancy began to rise in the 1790s (Blayo, 1975) from a beginning level of 28.1 years. F
constructed from parish records, show that life expectancy began to rise in the 1790s (Blayo, 1975) from a beginning level of 28.1 years. F
constructed from parish records, show that life expectancy began to rise in the 1790s (Blayo, 1975) from a beginning level of 28.1 years. F
constructed from parish records, show that life expectancy began to rise in the 1790s (Blayo, 1975) from a beginning level of 28.1 years. F
constructed from parish records, show that life expectancy began to rise in the 1790s (Blayo, 1975) from a beginning level of 28.1 years. F
constructed from parish records, show that life expectancy began to rise in the 1790s (Blayo, 1975) from a beginning level of 28.1 years. F
constructed from parish records, show that life expectancy began to rise in the 1790s (Blayo, 1975) from a beginning level of 28.1 years. F
constructed from parish records, show that life expectancy began to rise in the 1790s (Blayo, 1975) from a beginning level of 28.1 years. F
constructed from parish records, show that life expectancy began to rise in the 1790s (Blayo, 1975) from a beginning level of 28.1 years. F
constructed from parish records, show that life expectancy began to rise in the 1790s (Blayo, 1975) from a beginning level of 28.1 years. F
constructed from parish records, show that life expectancy began to rise in the 1790s (Blayo, 1975) from a beginning level of 28.1 years. F
constructed from parish records, show that life expectancy began to rise in the 1790s (Blayo, 1975) from a beginning level of 28.1 years. F
constructed from parish records, show that life expectancy began to rise in the 1790s (Blayo, 1975) from a beginning level of 28.1 years. F
constructed from parish records, show that life expectancy began to rise in the 1790s (Blayo, 1975) from a beginning level of 28.1 years. F
constructed from parish records, show that life expectancy began to rise in the 1790s (Blayo, 1975) from a beginning level of 28.1 years. F
constructed from parish records, show that life expectancy began to rise in the 1790s (Blayo, 1975) from a beginning level of 28.1 years. F
constructed from parish records, show that life expectancy began to rise in the 1790s (Blayo, 1975) from a beginning level of 28.1 years. F
constructed from parish records, show that life expectancy began to rise in the 1790s (Blayo, 1975) from a beginning level of 28.1 years. F
constructed from parish records, show that life expectancy began to rise in the 1790s (Blayo, 1975) from a beginning level of 28.1 years. F
constructed from parish records, show that life expectancy began to rise in the 1790s (Blayo, 1975) from a beginning level of 28.1 years. F
constructed from parish records, show that life expectancy began to rise in the 1790s (Blayo, 1975) from a beginning level of 28.1 years. F
constructed from parish records, show that life expectancy began to rise in the 1790s (Blayo, 1975) from a beginning level of 28.1 years. F
constructed from parish records, show that life expectancy began to rise in the 1790s (Blayo, 1975) from a beginning level of 28.1 years. F
atistisches Reichsamt, Vol. 40, Puttkammer & Mühlbrecht Verlag, Berlin 1919, 50-51.
ath rate in Java declined between 1820-1850 and 1850-1880 amidst waning smallpox mortality, and that mortality around
during the Japanese occupation (1942-1945) and the Indonesian war for independence (1945-1949)."
during the Japanese occupation (1942-1945) and the Indonesian war for independence (1945-1949)."
assumes similar increase in life expectancy 1946-47 as 1947-48.
1 for probability of timing.
ecreasing in the later half of the 19th century. Katus (2000) notes that mortality decrease in Latvia and Estonia occurred "more or less simu
o Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
o Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
o Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
o Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
o Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
o Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
o Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
o Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
o Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
o Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
o Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
o Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
o Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
o Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
o Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
o Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
o Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
o Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
o Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
o Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
o Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
o Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
o Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
o Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
o Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
o Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
o Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
o Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
o Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
o Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
o Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
o Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
o Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
o Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
o Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
o Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
o Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
o Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
o Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
o Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
o Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
o Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
o Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
o Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
o Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
o Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
uropean estimate (45.6) from Riley (2005a).
rate in Panama City and Colon fell sharply from 1909 to the 1920s, as it did also in the Canal Zone, inhabited mostly by workers from the U
el high enough to allow for earlier gains. But most authorities suggest that survival for infants and in the general population began to impr
uinea’s Indigenous Population. Port Moresby.
an Populations in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries. Berkeley.
io sobre la población peruana: Caracteristicas y evolución. Lima.
pectancy rose sharply in the 1900s from a beginning level of 30.4 to 32.1 years, changed little in the 1910s and 1920s, and then again rose
pectancy rose sharply in the 1900s from a beginning level of 30.4 to 32.1 years, changed little in the 1910s and 1920s, and then again rose
pectancy rose sharply in the 1900s from a beginning level of 30.4 to 32.1 years, changed little in the 1910s and 1920s, and then again rose
pectancy rose sharply in the 1900s from a beginning level of 30.4 to 32.1 years, changed little in the 1910s and 1920s, and then again rose
raphic Trends. Trans. by Caterina Augusta Grundbock. Bucharest.; Trebici, Vladimir. 1982. “Situation démographique de la Roumanie", Tra
Death in the USSR,” pp. 279-93 in Wolfgang Lutz, Sergei Scherbov, and Andreis Volkov, eds., Demographic Trends and Patterns in the Sovi
Death in the USSR,” pp. 279-93 in Wolfgang Lutz, Sergei Scherbov, and Andreis Volkov, eds., Demographic Trends and Patterns in the Sovi
Death in the USSR,” pp. 279-93 in Wolfgang Lutz, Sergei Scherbov, and Andreis Volkov, eds., Demographic Trends and Patterns in the Sovi
Death in the USSR,” pp. 279-93 in Wolfgang Lutz, Sergei Scherbov, and Andreis Volkov, eds., Demographic Trends and Patterns in the Sovi
Death in the USSR,” pp. 279-93 in Wolfgang Lutz, Sergei Scherbov, and Andreis Volkov, eds., Demographic Trends and Patterns in the Sovi
Death in the USSR,” pp. 279-93 in Wolfgang Lutz, Sergei Scherbov, and Andreis Volkov, eds., Demographic Trends and Patterns in the Sovi
Death in the USSR,” pp. 279-93 in Wolfgang Lutz, Sergei Scherbov, and Andreis Volkov, eds., Demographic Trends and Patterns in the Sovi
Death in the USSR,” pp. 279-93 in Wolfgang Lutz, Sergei Scherbov, and Andreis Volkov, eds., Demographic Trends and Patterns in the Sovi
Death in the USSR,” pp. 279-93 in Wolfgang Lutz, Sergei Scherbov, and Andreis Volkov, eds., Demographic Trends and Patterns in the Sovi
Death in the USSR,” pp. 279-93 in Wolfgang Lutz, Sergei Scherbov, and Andreis Volkov, eds., Demographic Trends and Patterns in the Sovi
Death in the USSR,” pp. 279-93 in Wolfgang Lutz, Sergei Scherbov, and Andreis Volkov, eds., Demographic Trends and Patterns in the Sovi
Death in the USSR,” pp. 279-93 in Wolfgang Lutz, Sergei Scherbov, and Andreis Volkov, eds., Demographic Trends and Patterns in the Sovi
Death in the USSR,” pp. 279-93 in Wolfgang Lutz, Sergei Scherbov, and Andreis Volkov, eds., Demographic Trends and Patterns in the Sovi
Death in the USSR,” pp. 279-93 in Wolfgang Lutz, Sergei Scherbov, and Andreis Volkov, eds., Demographic Trends and Patterns in the Sovi
Death in the USSR,” pp. 279-93 in Wolfgang Lutz, Sergei Scherbov, and Andreis Volkov, eds., Demographic Trends and Patterns in the Sovi
Death in the USSR,” pp. 279-93 in Wolfgang Lutz, Sergei Scherbov, and Andreis Volkov, eds., Demographic Trends and Patterns in the Sovi
Death in the USSR,” pp. 279-93 in Wolfgang Lutz, Sergei Scherbov, and Andreis Volkov, eds., Demographic Trends and Patterns in the Sovi
Death in the USSR,” pp. 279-93 in Wolfgang Lutz, Sergei Scherbov, and Andreis Volkov, eds., Demographic Trends and Patterns in the Sovi
Death in the USSR,” pp. 279-93 in Wolfgang Lutz, Sergei Scherbov, and Andreis Volkov, eds., Demographic Trends and Patterns in the Sovi
Death in the USSR,” pp. 279-93 in Wolfgang Lutz, Sergei Scherbov, and Andreis Volkov, eds., Demographic Trends and Patterns in the Sovi
Death in the USSR,” pp. 279-93 in Wolfgang Lutz, Sergei Scherbov, and Andreis Volkov, eds., Demographic Trends and Patterns in the Sovi
Death in the USSR,” pp. 279-93 in Wolfgang Lutz, Sergei Scherbov, and Andreis Volkov, eds., Demographic Trends and Patterns in the Sovi
Death in the USSR,” pp. 279-93 in Wolfgang Lutz, Sergei Scherbov, and Andreis Volkov, eds., Demographic Trends and Patterns in the Sovi
Death in the USSR,” pp. 279-93 in Wolfgang Lutz, Sergei Scherbov, and Andreis Volkov, eds., Demographic Trends and Patterns in the Sovi
Death in the USSR,” pp. 279-93 in Wolfgang Lutz, Sergei Scherbov, and Andreis Volkov, eds., Demographic Trends and Patterns in the Sovi
2008: 63,606
but Srb’s (1962-63) estimates for the combined Czech and Slovak lands indicate that life expectancy began to rise in the 1890s, and that p
but Srb’s (1962-63) estimates for the combined Czech and Slovak lands indicate that life expectancy began to rise in the 1890s, and that p
but Srb’s (1962-63) estimates for the combined Czech and Slovak lands indicate that life expectancy began to rise in the 1890s, and that p
ne in infant and overall mortality in 1920, and Liu (2000) accepts Mizraee’s estimates. Taiwan was a Japanese colony when its mortality de
nd Wanglee (1977), Bourgeois-Pichat (1974), Rungpitarangsi (1974), and Thomlinson (1971) agree that mortality decline began in the late
B45D54A1/88189/DBHOH_PAP_14167_3644.pdf
verall mortality began to decline in the 1920s from a beginning level of some 28.8 years. B’Chir (1981) and B’Chir and Tabutin (1980) detec
verall mortality began to decline in the 1920s from a beginning level of some 28.8 years. B’Chir (1981) and B’Chir and Tabutin (1980) detec
900 at 36.6 years. That plus the estimates from Meslé and Vallin (2003) suggest that life expectancy began to improve in the period from t
ches Zentralamt (Eds.), Geschichte und Ergebnisse der zentralen amtlichen Statistik I
of Pennsylvania. Abstract at http://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI8816201/
of Pennsylvania. Abstract at http://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI8816201/
of Pennsylvania. Abstract at http://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI8816201/
of Pennsylvania. Abstract at http://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI8816201/
of Pennsylvania. Abstract at http://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI8816201/
of Pennsylvania. Abstract at http://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI8816201/
of Pennsylvania. Abstract at http://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI8816201/
of Pennsylvania. Abstract at http://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI8816201/
of Pennsylvania. Abstract at http://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI8816201/
of Pennsylvania. Abstract at http://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI8816201/
of Pennsylvania. Abstract at http://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI8816201/
of Pennsylvania. Abstract at http://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI8816201/
of Pennsylvania. Abstract at http://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI8816201/
of Pennsylvania. Abstract at http://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI8816201/
of Pennsylvania. Abstract at http://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI8816201/
of Pennsylvania. Abstract at http://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI8816201/
of Pennsylvania. Abstract at http://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI8816201/
of Pennsylvania. Abstract at http://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI8816201/
of Pennsylvania. Abstract at http://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI8816201/
of Pennsylvania. Abstract at http://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI8816201/
of Pennsylvania. Abstract at http://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI8816201/
of Pennsylvania. Abstract at http://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI8816201/
of Pennsylvania. Abstract at http://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI8816201/
of Pennsylvania. Abstract at http://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI8816201/
of Pennsylvania. Abstract at http://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI8816201/
of Pennsylvania. Abstract at http://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI8816201/
of Pennsylvania. Abstract at http://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI8816201/
of Pennsylvania. Abstract at http://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI8816201/
of Pennsylvania. Abstract at http://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI8816201/
bliography: "On the basis of crude death rates (Andersen, 1979a, 1979b, and 1984; Johansen, 2002; Andreev, 2002), Denmark’s health tra
ginning level of 28.1 years. From the 1820s to the 1870s there was little change in national levels owing to urbanization, but it seems likely
ginning level of 28.1 years. From the 1820s to the 1870s there was little change in national levels owing to urbanization, but it seems likely
ginning level of 28.1 years. From the 1820s to the 1870s there was little change in national levels owing to urbanization, but it seems likely
ginning level of 28.1 years. From the 1820s to the 1870s there was little change in national levels owing to urbanization, but it seems likely
ginning level of 28.1 years. From the 1820s to the 1870s there was little change in national levels owing to urbanization, but it seems likely
ginning level of 28.1 years. From the 1820s to the 1870s there was little change in national levels owing to urbanization, but it seems likely
ginning level of 28.1 years. From the 1820s to the 1870s there was little change in national levels owing to urbanization, but it seems likely
ginning level of 28.1 years. From the 1820s to the 1870s there was little change in national levels owing to urbanization, but it seems likely
ginning level of 28.1 years. From the 1820s to the 1870s there was little change in national levels owing to urbanization, but it seems likely
ginning level of 28.1 years. From the 1820s to the 1870s there was little change in national levels owing to urbanization, but it seems likely
ginning level of 28.1 years. From the 1820s to the 1870s there was little change in national levels owing to urbanization, but it seems likely
ginning level of 28.1 years. From the 1820s to the 1870s there was little change in national levels owing to urbanization, but it seems likely
ginning level of 28.1 years. From the 1820s to the 1870s there was little change in national levels owing to urbanization, but it seems likely
ginning level of 28.1 years. From the 1820s to the 1870s there was little change in national levels owing to urbanization, but it seems likely
ginning level of 28.1 years. From the 1820s to the 1870s there was little change in national levels owing to urbanization, but it seems likely
ginning level of 28.1 years. From the 1820s to the 1870s there was little change in national levels owing to urbanization, but it seems likely
ginning level of 28.1 years. From the 1820s to the 1870s there was little change in national levels owing to urbanization, but it seems likely
ginning level of 28.1 years. From the 1820s to the 1870s there was little change in national levels owing to urbanization, but it seems likely
ginning level of 28.1 years. From the 1820s to the 1870s there was little change in national levels owing to urbanization, but it seems likely
ginning level of 28.1 years. From the 1820s to the 1870s there was little change in national levels owing to urbanization, but it seems likely
ginning level of 28.1 years. From the 1820s to the 1870s there was little change in national levels owing to urbanization, but it seems likely
ginning level of 28.1 years. From the 1820s to the 1870s there was little change in national levels owing to urbanization, but it seems likely
ginning level of 28.1 years. From the 1820s to the 1870s there was little change in national levels owing to urbanization, but it seems likely
ginning level of 28.1 years. From the 1820s to the 1870s there was little change in national levels owing to urbanization, but it seems likely
nd that mortality around 1800 may have been higher still. But this trend does not seem to have continued. Likewise estima
occurred "more or less simultaneously with other North European nations" (page 241), and that it was "somewhere in the middle of the 1
mostly by workers from the US and the West Indies. National estimates, available from 1930, show life expectancy at 35.9 years and rising,
al population began to improve only in the period after World War II.
1920s, and then again rose sharply from the 1930s (Vázquez, 1961, 1963, 1964, and 1988; Rivera de Morales, 1970; Morales del Valle and
1920s, and then again rose sharply from the 1930s (Vázquez, 1961, 1963, 1964, and 1988; Rivera de Morales, 1970; Morales del Valle and
1920s, and then again rose sharply from the 1930s (Vázquez, 1961, 1963, 1964, and 1988; Rivera de Morales, 1970; Morales del Valle and
1920s, and then again rose sharply from the 1930s (Vázquez, 1961, 1963, 1964, and 1988; Rivera de Morales, 1970; Morales del Valle and
phique de la Roumanie", Travaux et documents de l’INED, Cahier 98: 109-59.; Trebici, Vladimir and Ilie Hristache. 1986. Demografia teritori
nds and Patterns in the Soviet Union before 1991. New York.; Andreev, Eugenii, Leonid Darskij, and Tatiana Kharkova. 1992. “L’histoire de
nds and Patterns in the Soviet Union before 1991. New York.; Andreev, Eugenii, Leonid Darskij, and Tatiana Kharkova. 1992. “L’histoire de
nds and Patterns in the Soviet Union before 1991. New York.; Andreev, Eugenii, Leonid Darskij, and Tatiana Kharkova. 1992. “L’histoire de
nds and Patterns in the Soviet Union before 1991. New York.; Andreev, Eugenii, Leonid Darskij, and Tatiana Kharkova. 1992. “L’histoire de
nds and Patterns in the Soviet Union before 1991. New York.; Andreev, Eugenii, Leonid Darskij, and Tatiana Kharkova. 1992. “L’histoire de
nds and Patterns in the Soviet Union before 1991. New York.; Andreev, Eugenii, Leonid Darskij, and Tatiana Kharkova. 1992. “L’histoire de
nds and Patterns in the Soviet Union before 1991. New York.; Andreev, Eugenii, Leonid Darskij, and Tatiana Kharkova. 1992. “L’histoire de
nds and Patterns in the Soviet Union before 1991. New York.; Andreev, Eugenii, Leonid Darskij, and Tatiana Kharkova. 1992. “L’histoire de
nds and Patterns in the Soviet Union before 1991. New York.; Andreev, Eugenii, Leonid Darskij, and Tatiana Kharkova. 1992. “L’histoire de
nds and Patterns in the Soviet Union before 1991. New York.; Andreev, Eugenii, Leonid Darskij, and Tatiana Kharkova. 1992. “L’histoire de
nds and Patterns in the Soviet Union before 1991. New York.; Andreev, Eugenii, Leonid Darskij, and Tatiana Kharkova. 1992. “L’histoire de
nds and Patterns in the Soviet Union before 1991. New York.; Andreev, Eugenii, Leonid Darskij, and Tatiana Kharkova. 1992. “L’histoire de
nds and Patterns in the Soviet Union before 1991. New York.; Andreev, Eugenii, Leonid Darskij, and Tatiana Kharkova. 1992. “L’histoire de
nds and Patterns in the Soviet Union before 1991. New York.; Andreev, Eugenii, Leonid Darskij, and Tatiana Kharkova. 1992. “L’histoire de
nds and Patterns in the Soviet Union before 1991. New York.; Andreev, Eugenii, Leonid Darskij, and Tatiana Kharkova. 1992. “L’histoire de
nds and Patterns in the Soviet Union before 1991. New York.; Andreev, Eugenii, Leonid Darskij, and Tatiana Kharkova. 1992. “L’histoire de
nds and Patterns in the Soviet Union before 1991. New York.; Andreev, Eugenii, Leonid Darskij, and Tatiana Kharkova. 1992. “L’histoire de
nds and Patterns in the Soviet Union before 1991. New York.; Andreev, Eugenii, Leonid Darskij, and Tatiana Kharkova. 1992. “L’histoire de
nds and Patterns in the Soviet Union before 1991. New York.; Andreev, Eugenii, Leonid Darskij, and Tatiana Kharkova. 1992. “L’histoire de
nds and Patterns in the Soviet Union before 1991. New York.; Andreev, Eugenii, Leonid Darskij, and Tatiana Kharkova. 1992. “L’histoire de
nds and Patterns in the Soviet Union before 1991. New York.; Andreev, Eugenii, Leonid Darskij, and Tatiana Kharkova. 1992. “L’histoire de
nds and Patterns in the Soviet Union before 1991. New York.; Andreev, Eugenii, Leonid Darskij, and Tatiana Kharkova. 1992. “L’histoire de
nds and Patterns in the Soviet Union before 1991. New York.; Andreev, Eugenii, Leonid Darskij, and Tatiana Kharkova. 1992. “L’histoire de
nds and Patterns in the Soviet Union before 1991. New York.; Andreev, Eugenii, Leonid Darskij, and Tatiana Kharkova. 1992. “L’histoire de
nds and Patterns in the Soviet Union before 1991. New York.; Andreev, Eugenii, Leonid Darskij, and Tatiana Kharkova. 1992. “L’histoire de
rise in the 1890s, and that picture is consistent with life expectancy levels reported for the 1920s and thereafter.
rise in the 1890s, and that picture is consistent with life expectancy levels reported for the 1920s and thereafter.
rise in the 1890s, and that picture is consistent with life expectancy levels reported for the 1920s and thereafter.
colony when its mortality decline began, and Japanese public health programs appear to have stimulated the decline. The life expectancy
ty decline began in the late 1940s when DDT was used to combat malaria. However, the life expectancy estimated for the period immedia
hir and Tabutin (1980) detect decline before World War II, as does Seklanie (1967-68), but all are indefinite about a beginning period. Corr
hir and Tabutin (1980) detect decline before World War II, as does Seklanie (1967-68), but all are indefinite about a beginning period. Corr
mprove in the period from the 1890s to the 1920s."
mortalidad por sexo y edad: Total del país, 1908 a 1999. Montevideo.
ncy over time estimated by Somoza and Pérez Brignoli."
2002), Denmark’s health transition began in the 1770s when, judging from the CDR, life expectancy was about 33 years. Gains were more
anization, but it seems likely that death rates continued to decline, at least in rural areas (Meslé and Vallin, 1989; Trausch, 1997; 8).
anization, but it seems likely that death rates continued to decline, at least in rural areas (Meslé and Vallin, 1989; Trausch, 1997; 8).
anization, but it seems likely that death rates continued to decline, at least in rural areas (Meslé and Vallin, 1989; Trausch, 1997; 8).
anization, but it seems likely that death rates continued to decline, at least in rural areas (Meslé and Vallin, 1989; Trausch, 1997; 8).
anization, but it seems likely that death rates continued to decline, at least in rural areas (Meslé and Vallin, 1989; Trausch, 1997; 8).
anization, but it seems likely that death rates continued to decline, at least in rural areas (Meslé and Vallin, 1989; Trausch, 1997; 8).
anization, but it seems likely that death rates continued to decline, at least in rural areas (Meslé and Vallin, 1989; Trausch, 1997; 8).
anization, but it seems likely that death rates continued to decline, at least in rural areas (Meslé and Vallin, 1989; Trausch, 1997; 8).
anization, but it seems likely that death rates continued to decline, at least in rural areas (Meslé and Vallin, 1989; Trausch, 1997; 8).
anization, but it seems likely that death rates continued to decline, at least in rural areas (Meslé and Vallin, 1989; Trausch, 1997; 8).
anization, but it seems likely that death rates continued to decline, at least in rural areas (Meslé and Vallin, 1989; Trausch, 1997; 8).
anization, but it seems likely that death rates continued to decline, at least in rural areas (Meslé and Vallin, 1989; Trausch, 1997; 8).
anization, but it seems likely that death rates continued to decline, at least in rural areas (Meslé and Vallin, 1989; Trausch, 1997; 8).
anization, but it seems likely that death rates continued to decline, at least in rural areas (Meslé and Vallin, 1989; Trausch, 1997; 8).
anization, but it seems likely that death rates continued to decline, at least in rural areas (Meslé and Vallin, 1989; Trausch, 1997; 8).
anization, but it seems likely that death rates continued to decline, at least in rural areas (Meslé and Vallin, 1989; Trausch, 1997; 8).
anization, but it seems likely that death rates continued to decline, at least in rural areas (Meslé and Vallin, 1989; Trausch, 1997; 8).
anization, but it seems likely that death rates continued to decline, at least in rural areas (Meslé and Vallin, 1989; Trausch, 1997; 8).
anization, but it seems likely that death rates continued to decline, at least in rural areas (Meslé and Vallin, 1989; Trausch, 1997; 8).
anization, but it seems likely that death rates continued to decline, at least in rural areas (Meslé and Vallin, 1989; Trausch, 1997; 8).
anization, but it seems likely that death rates continued to decline, at least in rural areas (Meslé and Vallin, 1989; Trausch, 1997; 8).
anization, but it seems likely that death rates continued to decline, at least in rural areas (Meslé and Vallin, 1989; Trausch, 1997; 8).
anization, but it seems likely that death rates continued to decline, at least in rural areas (Meslé and Vallin, 1989; Trausch, 1997; 8).
anization, but it seems likely that death rates continued to decline, at least in rural areas (Meslé and Vallin, 1989; Trausch, 1997; 8).
ontinued. Likewise estimating crude death rates, most authorities suggest that mortality began to decline in Java and Indon
where in the middle of the 19th century, although mortality had already declined by that time compared with traditional society" (page 24
ncy at 35.9 years and rising, and infant mortality in decline from the 1920s. Even though only about 20 percent of the population lived in t
1970; Morales del Valle and Carnivali, 1984).
1970; Morales del Valle and Carnivali, 1984).
1970; Morales del Valle and Carnivali, 1984).
1970; Morales del Valle and Carnivali, 1984).
e. 1986. Demografia teritoriala a României. Bucharest.
arkova. 1992. “L’histoire de la population de l’URSS 1920-1959,” Annales de démographie historique, 61-150.
arkova. 1992. “L’histoire de la population de l’URSS 1920-1959,” Annales de démographie historique, 61-150.
arkova. 1992. “L’histoire de la population de l’URSS 1920-1959,” Annales de démographie historique, 61-150.
arkova. 1992. “L’histoire de la population de l’URSS 1920-1959,” Annales de démographie historique, 61-150.
arkova. 1992. “L’histoire de la population de l’URSS 1920-1959,” Annales de démographie historique, 61-150.
arkova. 1992. “L’histoire de la population de l’URSS 1920-1959,” Annales de démographie historique, 61-150.
arkova. 1992. “L’histoire de la population de l’URSS 1920-1959,” Annales de démographie historique, 61-150.
arkova. 1992. “L’histoire de la population de l’URSS 1920-1959,” Annales de démographie historique, 61-150.
arkova. 1992. “L’histoire de la population de l’URSS 1920-1959,” Annales de démographie historique, 61-150.
arkova. 1992. “L’histoire de la population de l’URSS 1920-1959,” Annales de démographie historique, 61-150.
arkova. 1992. “L’histoire de la population de l’URSS 1920-1959,” Annales de démographie historique, 61-150.
arkova. 1992. “L’histoire de la population de l’URSS 1920-1959,” Annales de démographie historique, 61-150.
arkova. 1992. “L’histoire de la population de l’URSS 1920-1959,” Annales de démographie historique, 61-150.
arkova. 1992. “L’histoire de la population de l’URSS 1920-1959,” Annales de démographie historique, 61-150.
arkova. 1992. “L’histoire de la population de l’URSS 1920-1959,” Annales de démographie historique, 61-150.
arkova. 1992. “L’histoire de la population de l’URSS 1920-1959,” Annales de démographie historique, 61-150.
arkova. 1992. “L’histoire de la population de l’URSS 1920-1959,” Annales de démographie historique, 61-150.
arkova. 1992. “L’histoire de la population de l’URSS 1920-1959,” Annales de démographie historique, 61-150.
arkova. 1992. “L’histoire de la population de l’URSS 1920-1959,” Annales de démographie historique, 61-150.
arkova. 1992. “L’histoire de la population de l’URSS 1920-1959,” Annales de démographie historique, 61-150.
arkova. 1992. “L’histoire de la population de l’URSS 1920-1959,” Annales de démographie historique, 61-150.
arkova. 1992. “L’histoire de la population de l’URSS 1920-1959,” Annales de démographie historique, 61-150.
arkova. 1992. “L’histoire de la population de l’URSS 1920-1959,” Annales de démographie historique, 61-150.
arkova. 1992. “L’histoire de la population de l’URSS 1920-1959,” Annales de démographie historique, 61-150.
arkova. 1992. “L’histoire de la population de l’URSS 1920-1959,” Annales de démographie historique, 61-150.
decline. The life expectancy level in 1911-1920 was about 30.8 years.
ated for the period immediately before these gains began, 38.3 to 40.3 years, is surprisingly high for a country at the beginning of a health
out a beginning period. Correcting for underregistration of deaths, Waltisperger et al. (2001) adjust Seklanie’s estimates of life expectancy
out a beginning period. Correcting for underregistration of deaths, Waltisperger et al. (2001) adjust Seklanie’s estimates of life expectancy
33 years. Gains were more rapid from the 1770s to the 1820s, then slower from the 1820s to the 1890s, then more rapid again."
9; Trausch, 1997; 8).
9; Trausch, 1997; 8).
9; Trausch, 1997; 8).
9; Trausch, 1997; 8).
9; Trausch, 1997; 8).
9; Trausch, 1997; 8).
9; Trausch, 1997; 8).
9; Trausch, 1997; 8).
9; Trausch, 1997; 8).
9; Trausch, 1997; 8).
9; Trausch, 1997; 8).
9; Trausch, 1997; 8).
9; Trausch, 1997; 8).
9; Trausch, 1997; 8).
9; Trausch, 1997; 8).
9; Trausch, 1997; 8).
9; Trausch, 1997; 8).
9; Trausch, 1997; 8).
9; Trausch, 1997; 8).
9; Trausch, 1997; 8).
9; Trausch, 1997; 8).
9; Trausch, 1997; 8).
9; Trausch, 1997; 8).
9; Trausch, 1997; 8).
decline in Java and Indonesia in the 1920s, although weakly and more noticeably in cities and some regions than in either
traditional society" (page 242).
t of the population lived in the two leading cities, it is plausible to infer that a sustained rise in life expectancy began in the 1910s.
at the beginning of a health transition. Gains in overall and infant survival more probably began in the 1930s but were temporarily reverse
estimates of life expectancy and infant mortality downward, but not so far down as to exclude the possibility of gains in survival before Wo
estimates of life expectancy and infant mortality downward, but not so far down as to exclude the possibility of gains in survival before Wo
more rapid again."
me regions than in either Java or Indonesia as a whole (Gooszen, 1999; Boomgaard and Goozen, 1991; Gardiner and Oey, 1
began in the 1910s.
ut were temporarily reversed in the early 1940s. That would still be consistent with Bourgeois-Pichat’s estimates of the crude death rate (
f gains in survival before World War II. Tunisia's health transition is estimated to have begun in the 1920s."
f gains in survival before World War II. Tunisia's health transition is estimated to have begun in the 1920s."
991; Gardiner and Oey, 1987; Cho, 1980; Breman, 1963). This interpretation is accepted. However, Utomo and Iskandar (1
es of the crude death rate (an average of 29.2 in the 1930s) because, as he argues, fertility was significantly higher than mortality and the
, Utomo and Iskandar (1986) and Soeradji and Ismail (1986) reject this view, dating gains from the early 1950s. There is g
gher than mortality and the population was growing, so that the average age of the population was declining. And it would be consistent w
e early 1950s. There is general agreement that mortality rose during the Japanese occupation (1942-1945) and the Indone
And it would be consistent with Manarungsan’s (1989) CDR series as well, in which the average in the 1930s was 24.4 deaths per 1000."
42-1945) and the Indonesian war for independence (1945-1949).
as 24.4 deaths per 1000."
This is an old version! No longer in use! Version 1
Life expectancy at birth
Continent average used (including Gapminder
Country Year
(see documentation) model - not to be used
for statistical analysis)
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
Riley file
Riley file
Riley file
Riley file
Riley file Riley's online bibliography: "Somoza (1971a, 1971b, and 1973) and Pérez Brignoli (1989) provi
Riley file
Riley file
Riley file
Riley file
Riley file
Riley file
Riley file
Riley file
Riley file
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
HLD Riley's online bib 1879-1882Findl, Peter: Mortalität und Lebenserwartung in den österreichisc
Riley file
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP medium variant projection
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
Riley file
Riley (2005) estimates 1920s (1925
Riley file
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
HMD 2
HMD 2
HMD 2
HMD 2
HMD 2
HMD 2
HMD 2
HMD 2
HMD 2
HMD 2
HMD 2
HMD 2
HMD 2
HMD 2
HMD 2
HMD 2
HMD 2
HMD 2
HMD 2
HMD 2
HMD 2
HMD 2
HMD 2
HMD 2
HMD 2
HMD 2
HMD 2
HMD 2
HMD 2
HMD 2
HMD 2
HMD 2
HMD 2
HMD 2
HMD 2
HMD 2
HMD 2
HMD 2
HMD 2
HMD 2
HMD 2
HMD 2
HMD 2
HMD 2
HMD 2
HMD 2
HMD 2
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP medium variant projection
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
Riley file
Riley file
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP medium variant projection
GM model Using GM model for 1800, because earli 5
Riley file too high of?
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
Riley file Riley (2005) estimates 1820sBourbeau, Légaré & Émond (1997), http://www.statcan.ca/englis
Riley file Bourbeau, Légaré & Émond (1997), http://www.statcan.ca/englis
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
Riley file Luo, Sheng. 1988. Reconstruction of Life Tables and Age Distributi
Riley file Luo, Sheng. 1988. Reconstruction of Life Tables and Age Distributi
Riley file Luo, Sheng. 1988. Reconstruction of Life Tables and Age Distributi
Riley file Luo, Sheng. 1988. Reconstruction of Life Tables and Age Distributi
Riley file Luo, Sheng. 1988. Reconstruction of Life Tables and Age Distributi
Riley file Luo, Sheng. 1988. Reconstruction of Life Tables and Age Distributi
Riley file Luo, Sheng. 1988. Reconstruction of Life Tables and Age Distributi
Riley file Luo, Sheng. 1988. Reconstruction of Life Tables and Age Distributi
Riley file Luo, Sheng. 1988. Reconstruction of Life Tables and Age Distributi
Riley file Luo, Sheng. 1988. Reconstruction of Life Tables and Age Distributi
Riley file Luo, Sheng. 1988. Reconstruction of Life Tables and Age Distributi
Riley file Luo, Sheng. 1988. Reconstruction of Life Tables and Age Distributi
Riley file Luo, Sheng. 1988. Reconstruction of Life Tables and Age Distributi
Riley file Luo, Sheng. 1988. Reconstruction of Life Tables and Age Distributi
Riley file Luo, Sheng. 1988. Reconstruction of Life Tables and Age Distributi
Riley file Luo, Sheng. 1988. Reconstruction of Life Tables and Age Distributi
Riley file Luo, Sheng. 1988. Reconstruction of Life Tables and Age Distributi
Riley file Luo, Sheng. 1988. Reconstruction of Life Tables and Age Distributi
Riley file Luo, Sheng. 1988. Reconstruction of Life Tables and Age Distributi
Riley file Luo, Sheng. 1988. Reconstruction of Life Tables and Age Distributi
Riley file Luo, Sheng. 1988. Reconstruction of Life Tables and Age Distributi
Riley file Luo, Sheng. 1988. Reconstruction of Life Tables and Age Distributi
Riley file Luo, Sheng. 1988. Reconstruction of Life Tables and Age Distributi
Riley file Luo, Sheng. 1988. Reconstruction of Life Tables and Age Distributi
Riley file Luo, Sheng. 1988. Reconstruction of Life Tables and Age Distributi
Riley file Luo, Sheng. 1988. Reconstruction of Life Tables and Age Distributi
Riley file Luo, Sheng. 1988. Reconstruction of Life Tables and Age Distributi
Riley file Luo, Sheng. 1988. Reconstruction of Life Tables and Age Distributi
Riley file Luo, Sheng. 1988. Reconstruction of Life Tables and Age Distributi
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP medium variant projection
GM model 5
GM model 5
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
Riley file Rosero (1985) or Rosero & Caamaño (1984) or Mata & Rosero (19
Riley file Rosero (1985) or Rosero & Caamaño (1984) or Mata & Rosero (19
Riley file Rosero (1985) or Rosero & Caamaño (1984) or Mata & Rosero (19
Riley file Rosero (1985) or Rosero & Caamaño (1984) or Mata & Rosero (19
Riley file Rosero (1985) or Rosero & Caamaño (1984) or Mata & Rosero (19
Riley file
UN:WPP Rosero (1985) or Rosero & Caamaño (1984) or Mata & Rosero (19
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
Riley file, not preferred From a file Garcia Quiñones (1996) reports Gonzalez Quiñones’ unpublished
Riley file, not preferred From a file Garcia Quiñones (1996) reports Gonzalez Quiñones’ unpublished
Riley file, not preferred From a file Garcia Quiñones (1996) reports Gonzalez Quiñones’ unpublished
Riley file, not preferred From a file Garcia Quiñones (1996) reports Gonzalez Quiñones’ unpublished
Riley file, not preferred From a file Garcia Quiñones (1996) reports Gonzalez Quiñones’ unpublished
Riley file, not preferred From a file Garcia Quiñones (1996) reports Gonzalez Quiñones’ unpublished
Riley file, not preferred From a file Garcia Quiñones (1996) reports Gonzalez Quiñones’ unpublished
Riley file, not preferred From a file Garcia Quiñones (1996) reports Gonzalez Quiñones’ unpublished
Riley file, not preferred From a file Garcia Quiñones (1996) reports Gonzalez Quiñones’ unpublished
Riley file, not preferred From a file Garcia Quiñones (1996) reports Gonzalez Quiñones’ unpublished
Riley file, not preferred From a file Garcia Quiñones (1996) reports Gonzalez Quiñones’ unpublished
Riley file, not preferred From a file Garcia Quiñones (1996) reports Gonzalez Quiñones’ unpublished
Riley file, not preferred From a file Garcia Quiñones (1996) reports Gonzalez Quiñones’ unpublished
Riley file, not preferred From a file Garcia Quiñones (1996) reports Gonzalez Quiñones’ unpublished
Riley file, not preferred From a file Garcia Quiñones (1996) reports Gonzalez Quiñones’ unpublished
Riley file, not preferred From a file Garcia Quiñones (1996) reports Gonzalez Quiñones’ unpublished
Riley file, not preferred From a file Garcia Quiñones (1996) reports Gonzalez Quiñones’ unpublished
Riley file, not preferred From a file Garcia Quiñones (1996) reports Gonzalez Quiñones’ unpublished
Riley file, not preferred From a file Garcia Quiñones (1996) reports Gonzalez Quiñones’ unpublished
Riley file From a file Garcia Quiñones (1996) reports Gonzalez Quiñones’ unpublished
Riley file (Riley esti Velazguy, Toirac, and Farnos Morejon
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
Riley file interpolation Riley (2005) suggests 1890s (1895). Riley's online bibli 5
Riley file
Riley file
Riley file
Riley file
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
UN:WPP medium variant projection
GM interpolation Health transition Gapminder made a rough interpolation between 33 (from Riley's bibliograph
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
UN:WPP medium variant projection
GM model 5
GM model 5
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
Riley file Riley's online bibliography: Arriaga, Eduardo E. 1968. New Life Tables for Latin American Pop
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
Riley file
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
UN:WPP medium variant projection
Riley file, not preferred Crude death rate and life expectancy estimates for the eighteenth century, c
Riley file, not preferred Riley's online bib Rather than use extrapolation to show increase between 1790s & 1820s, I us
Riley file Crude death rate and life expectancy estimates for the eighteenth century, c
Riley file Crude death rate and life expectancy estimates for the eighteenth century, c
Riley file Crude death rate and life expectancy estimates for the eighteenth century, c
Riley file Crude death rate and life expectancy estimates for the eighteenth century, c
Riley file Crude death rate and life expectancy estimates for the eighteenth century, c
Riley file Crude death rate and life expectancy estimates for the eighteenth century, c
Riley file Crude death rate and life expectancy estimates for the eighteenth century, c
Riley file Crude death rate and life expectancy estimates for the eighteenth century, c
Riley file Crude death rate and life expectancy estimates for the eighteenth century, c
Riley file Crude death rate and life expectancy estimates for the eighteenth century, c
Riley file Crude death rate and life expectancy estimates for the eighteenth century, c
Riley file Crude death rate and life expectancy estimates for the eighteenth century, c
Riley file Crude death rate and life expectancy estimates for the eighteenth century, c
Riley file Crude death rate and life expectancy estimates for the eighteenth century, c
Riley file Crude death rate and life expectancy estimates for the eighteenth century, c
Riley file Crude death rate and life expectancy estimates for the eighteenth century, c
Riley file Crude death rate and life expectancy estimates for the eighteenth century, c
Riley file Crude death rate and life expectancy estimates for the eighteenth century, c
Riley file Crude death rate and life expectancy estimates for the eighteenth century, c
Riley file Crude death rate and life expectancy estimates for the eighteenth century, c
Riley file Crude death rate and life expectancy estimates for the eighteenth century, c
Riley file Crude death rate and life expectancy estimates for the eighteenth century, c
Riley file Crude death rate and life expectancy estimates for the eighteenth century, c
Riley file Crude death rate and life expectancy estimates for the eighteenth century, c
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP medium variant projection
GM model 5
GM model 5
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
UN:WPP medium variant projection
Riley file extrapolation 5
Riley file Riley's online bibliography: Caldwell (1967)
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
Riley file
Riley file
Riley file
Riley file
Riley file
Riley file
Riley file
Riley file
Riley file
Riley file
Riley file
Riley file
Riley file
Riley file
Riley file
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
Riley file One or more of: Mandle, 1970; Smith, 1962; Taeuber, 1952
Riley file One or more of: Mandle, 1970; Smith, 1962; Taeuber, 1952
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP medium variant projection
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
Riley file
Riley file
Riley file
Riley file
Riley file
Riley file
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
UN:WPP medium variant projection
Riley file extrapolation Extrapolated from 1881 Das Gupta (1971) Data for 5
Riley file Das Gupta (1971)
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
Riley file
Riley file
Riley file
Riley file
Riley file
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
Ireland’s life expectancy gains may have begun as early as the 1820s or as late as the 1890s.
Ireland’s life expectancy gains may have begun as early as the 1820s or as late as the 1890s.
Ireland’s life expectancy gains may have begun as early as the 1820s or as late as the 1890s.
Ireland’s life expectancy gains may have begun as early as the 1820s or as late as the 1890s.
Ireland’s life expectancy gains may have begun as early as the 1820s or as late as the 1890s.
Ireland’s life expectancy gains may have begun as early as the 1820s or as late as the 1890s.
Ireland’s life expectancy gains may have begun as early as the 1820s or as late as the 1890s.
Ireland’s life expectancy gains may have begun as early as the 1820s or as late as the 1890s.
Ireland’s life expectancy gains may have begun as early as the 1820s or as late as the 1890s.
Ireland’s life expectancy gains may have begun as early as the 1820s or as late as the 1890s.
Ireland’s life expectancy gains may have begun as early as the 1820s or as late as the 1890s.
Ireland’s life expectancy gains may have begun as early as the 1820s or as late as the 1890s.
Ireland’s life expectancy gains may have begun as early as the 1820s or as late as the 1890s.
Ireland’s life expectancy gains may have begun as early as the 1820s or as late as the 1890s.
Ireland’s life expectancy gains may have begun as early as the 1820s or as late as the 1890s.
Ireland’s life expectancy gains may have begun as early as the 1820s or as late as the 1890s.
Ireland’s life expectancy gains may have begun as early as the 1820s or as late as the 1890s.
Ireland’s life expectancy gains may have begun as early as the 1820s or as late as the 1890s.
Ireland’s life expectancy gains may have begun as early as the 1820s or as late as the 1890s.
Ireland’s life expectancy gains may have begun as early as the 1820s or as late as the 1890s.
Ireland’s life expectancy gains may have begun as early as the 1820s or as late as the 1890s.
Ireland’s life expectancy gains may have begun as early as the 1820s or as late as the 1890s.
Ireland’s life expectancy gains may have begun as early as the 1820s or as late as the 1890s.
Ireland’s life expectancy gains may have begun as early as the 1820s or as late as the 1890s.
Ireland’s life expectancy gains may have begun as early as the 1820s or as late as the 1890s.
Ireland’s life expectancy gains may have begun as early as the 1820s or as late as the 1890s.
Ireland’s life expectancy gains may have begun as early as the 1820s or as late as the 1890s.
Ireland’s life expectancy gains may have begun as early as the 1820s or as late as the 1890s.
Ireland’s life expectancy gains may have begun as early as the 1820s or as late as the 1890s.
Ireland’s life expectancy gains may have begun as early as the 1820s or as late as the 1890s.
Ireland’s life expectancy gains may have begun as early as the 1820s or as late as the 1890s.
Ireland’s life expectancy gains may have begun as early as the 1820s or as late as the 1890s.
Ireland’s life expectancy gains may have begun as early as the 1820s or as late as the 1890s.
Ireland’s life expectancy gains may have begun as early as the 1820s or as late as the 1890s.
Ireland’s life expectancy gains may have begun as early as the 1820s or as late as the 1890s.
Ireland’s life expectancy gains may have begun as early as the 1820s or as late as the 1890s.
Ireland’s life expectancy gains may have begun as early as the 1820s or as late as the 1890s.
Ireland’s life expectancy gains may have begun as early as the 1820s or as late as the 1890s.
GM model Riley (2005) suggests 1820s-90s (1860). Riley's online b 5
Ireland’s life expectancy gains may have begun as early as the 1820s or as late as the 1890s.
Ireland’s life expectancy gains may have begun as early as the 1820s or as late as the 1890s.
Ireland’s life expectancy gains may have begun as early as the 1820s or as late as the 1890s.
Ireland’s life expectancy gains may have begun as early as the 1820s or as late as the 1890s.
Ireland’s life expectancy gains may have begun as early as the 1820s or as late as the 1890s.
Ireland’s life expectancy gains may have begun as early as the 1820s or as late as the 1890s.
Ireland’s life expectancy gains may have begun as early as the 1820s or as late as the 1890s.
Ireland’s life expectancy gains may have begun as early as the 1820s or as late as the 1890s.
Ireland’s life expectancy gains may have begun as early as the 1820s or as late as the 1890s.
Ireland’s life expectancy gains may have begun as early as the 1820s or as late as the 1890s.
Ireland’s life expectancy gains may have begun as early as the 1820s or as late as the 1890s.
Ireland’s life expectancy gains may have begun as early as the 1820s or as late as the 1890s.
Ireland’s life expectancy gains may have begun as early as the 1820s or as late as the 1890s.
Ireland’s life expectancy gains may have begun as early as the 1820s or as late as the 1890s.
Ireland’s life expectancy gains may have begun as early as the 1820s or as late as the 1890s.
Ireland’s life expectancy gains may have begun as early as the 1820s or as late as the 1890s.
Ireland’s life expectancy gains may have begun as early as the 1820s or as late as the 1890s.
Ireland’s life expectancy gains may have begun as early as the 1820s or as late as the 1890s.
Ireland’s life expectancy gains may have begun as early as the 1820s or as late as the 1890s.
Ireland’s life expectancy gains may have begun as early as the 1820s or as late as the 1890s.
Ireland’s life expectancy gains may have begun as early as the 1820s or as late as the 1890s.
Ireland’s life expectancy gains may have begun as early as the 1820s or as late as the 1890s.
Ireland’s life expectancy gains may have begun as early as the 1820s or as late as the 1890s.
Ireland’s life expectancy gains may have begun as early as the 1820s or as late as the 1890s.
Ireland’s life expectancy gains may have begun as early as the 1820s or as late as the 1890s.
Ireland’s life expectancy gains may have begun as early as the 1820s or as late as the 1890s.
Ireland’s life expectancy gains may have begun as early as the 1820s or as late as the 1890s.
Ireland’s life expectancy gains may have begun as early as the 1820s or as late as the 1890s.
Ireland’s life expectancy gains may have begun as early as the 1820s or as late as the 1890s.
Ireland’s life expectancy gains may have begun as early as the 1820s or as late as the 1890s.
Ireland’s life expectancy gains may have begun as early as the 1820s or as late as the 1890s.
Ireland’s life expectancy gains may have begun as early as the 1820s or as late as the 1890s.
Ireland’s life expectancy gains may have begun as early as the 1820s or as late as the 1890s.
Ireland’s life expectancy gains may have begun as early as the 1820s or as late as the 1890s.
Ireland’s life expectancy gains may have begun as early as the 1820s or as late as the 1890s.
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP medium variant projection
HMD extrapolation 5
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
Riley file
Riley file
Riley file
Riley file
Riley file
Riley file
Riley file
Riley file
Riley file
Riley file
Riley file
Riley file
Riley file
Riley file
Riley file
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
UN:WPP medium variant projection
GM model 5
GM model Riley (2005) suggests 1930s (1935) 5
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
Riley file
Riley file
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
Riley file
Riley file
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP medium variant projection
GM model 5
GM model Riley (2005) suggests 1940s (1945) 5
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
Riley file
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
Gapminder model Using the average for Europe from Riley (2005a), with a spread o
Gapminder model Assuming same tim
Using the average for Europe from Riley (2005a), with a spread o
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
GM model 5
GM model Riley's online bibliography suggests 1940s or 50s 5
UN:WPP
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UN:WPP medium variant projection
GM model 5
GM model Riley's online bibliography suggests 1940s or 50s 5
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Riley file
Riley file
Riley file
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Riley file Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Beche
Riley file Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Beche
Riley file Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Beche
Riley file Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Beche
Riley file Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Beche
Riley file Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Beche
Riley file Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Beche
Riley file Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Beche
Riley file Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Beche
Riley file Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Beche
Riley file Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Beche
Riley file Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Beche
Riley file Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Beche
Riley file Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Beche
Riley file Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Beche
Riley file Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Beche
Riley file Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Beche
Riley file Riley's onl Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Beche
Improvements in survival were interrupted during 1910-20 by civil war and t
Improvements in survival were interrupted during 1910-20 by civil war and t
Improvements in survival were interrupted during 1910-20 by civil war and t
Improvements in survival were interrupted during 1910-20 by civil war and t
Improvements in survival were interrupted during 1910-20 by civil war and t
Improvements in survival were interrupted during 1910-20 by civil war and t
Improvements in survival were interrupted during 1910-20 by civil war and t
Improvements in survival were interrupted during 1910-20 by civil war and t
Improvements in survival were interrupted during 1910-20 by civil war and t
Improvements in survival were interrupted during 1910-20 by civil war and t
Riley file Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Beche
Riley file Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Beche
Riley file Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Beche
Riley file Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Beche
Riley file Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Beche
Riley file Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Beche
Riley file Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Beche
Riley file Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Beche
Riley file Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Beche
Riley file Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Beche
Riley file Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Beche
Riley file Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Beche
Riley file Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Beche
Riley file Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Beche
Riley file Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Beche
Riley file Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Beche
Riley file Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Beche
Riley file Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Beche
Riley file Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Beche
Riley file Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Beche
Riley file Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Beche
Riley file Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Beche
Riley file Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Beche
Riley file Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Beche
Riley file Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Beche
Riley file Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Beche
Riley file Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Beche
Riley file Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Beche
Riley file Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Bravo Beche
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UN:WPP medium variant projection
GM model 5
GM model Riley's online bibliography suggests 30s-40s 5
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HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
UN:WPP medium variant projection
GM model 5
GM model Health transition between 1940-1970, and UN estimates 5
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Robinson (1967) reports that mortality began to decline around 1900, with a
Robinson (1967) reports that mortality began to decline around 1900, with a
Riley file Robinson (1Rukanuddin & Iqbal Farooqui (1988)
Robinson (1967) reports that mortality began to decline around 1900, with a
Robinson (1967) reports that mortality began to decline around 1900, with a
Robinson (1967) reports that mortality began to decline around 1900, with a
Robinson (1967) reports that mortality began to decline around 1900, with a
Robinson (1967) reports that mortality began to decline around 1900, with a
Robinson (1967) reports that mortality began to decline around 1900, with a
Robinson (1967) reports that mortality began to decline around 1900, with a
Robinson (1967) reports that mortality began to decline around 1900, with a
Robinson (1967) reports that mortality began to decline around 1900, with a
Riley file Robinson (1Rukanuddin & Iqbal Farooqui (1988)
Robinson (1967) reports that mortality began to decline around 1900, with a
Robinson (1967) reports that mortality began to decline around 1900, with a
Robinson (1967) reports that mortality began to decline around 1900, with a
Robinson (1967) reports that mortality began to decline around 1900, with a
Robinson (1967) reports that mortality began to decline around 1900, with a
Robinson (1967) reports that mortality began to decline around 1900, with a
Robinson (1967) reports that mortality began to decline around 1900, with a
Robinson (1967) reports that mortality began to decline around 1900, with a
Robinson (1967) reports that mortality began to decline around 1900, with a
Riley file Robinson (1Rukanuddin & Iqbal Farooqui (1988)
Robinson (1967) reports that mortality began to decline around 1900, with a
Robinson (1967) reports that mortality began to decline around 1900, with a
Robinson (1967) reports that mortality began to decline around 1900, with a
Riley's online bibliography 1941-51 This estimatAhmed (1963)
Robinson (1967) reports that mortality began to decline around 1900, with a
Robinson (1967) reports that mortality began to decline around 1900, with a
Robinson (1967) reports that mortality began to decline around 1900, with a
Robinson (1967) reports that mortality began to decline around 1900, with a
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Riley file
Riley file
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Riley file Riley's online bibliography: Arriaga, Eduardo E. 1968. New Life Tables for Latin American Pop
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Riley file
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UN:WPP medium variant projection
GM model 5
GM model Riley (2005) sugg Riley's onling bibliography: Dealing w 5
Riley file
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HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
UN:WPP medium variant projection
GM model 5
Official crude death rates for the period 1886-1909 from Morgado (1979) an
Official crude death rates for the period 1886-1909 from Morgado (1979) an
Official crude death rates for the period 1886-1909 from Morgado (1979) an
Official crude death rates for the period 1886-1909 from Morgado (1979) an
Official crude death rates for the period 1886-1909 from Morgado (1979) an
Official crude death rates for the period 1886-1909 from Morgado (1979) an
Official crude death rates for the period 1886-1909 from Morgado (1979) an
Official crude death rates for the period 1886-1909 from Morgado (1979) an
Official crude death rates for the period 1886-1909 from Morgado (1979) an
Official crude death rates for the period 1886-1909 from Morgado (1979) an
GM model Riley (2005) suggests 1920s (1925) 5
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
UN:WPP medium variant projection
Riley file extrapolation 5
Riley file Riley's online bibliography: After a long period of quite modest gains, life exp
Riley file Riley's online bibliography: After a long period of quite modest gains, life exp
Riley file Riley's online bibliography: After a long period of quite modest gains, life exp
Riley file Riley's online bibliography: After a long period of quite modest gains, life exp
Riley file
Riley file
Riley file
Riley file
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Riley file ?
Riley file Andreev, Evgeny M. 1994. “Life Expectancy and Causes of Death
Riley file Andreev, Evgeny M. 1994. “Life Expectancy and Causes of Death
Riley file Andreev, Evgeny M. 1994. “Life Expectancy and Causes of Death
Riley file Andreev, Evgeny M. 1994. “Life Expectancy and Causes of Death
Riley file Andreev, Evgeny M. 1994. “Life Expectancy and Causes of Death
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HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
UN:WPP medium variant projection
GM model 5
GM model Riley's online bibliography: "Niyibizi (1982) reports th 5
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Riley file
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Riley file Riley's online bibliography: Separate estimates for the Slovak lands are unavailable until the 19
Riley file Riley's online bibliography: Separate estimates for the Slovak lands are unavailable until the 19
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
UN:WPP medium variant projection
GM model 5
GM model using same timing as Yugoslavia 5
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HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
UN:WPP medium variant projection
GM model
GM model Riley's online bibliography: The UN estimate of life expectancy in the early 1950s, 44.0 years, i
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UN:WPP medium variant projection
Riley file extrapolation Europe average 5
Riley file Although soDopico and Rowland, 1990; Dopico, 1987 and 1995 ?
Although some authorities have suggested later beginning points (e.g., Puyol Antolín, 1988; an
Riley file Although soDopico and Rowland, 1990; Dopico, 1987 and 1995 ?
Riley file Although soDopico and Rowland, 1990; Dopico, 1987 and 1995 ?
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
UN:WPP medium variant projection
Riley file extrapolation Asia average 5
Meegama (1979 and 1981) traces the beginning of gains in life expectancy to
flu?
Riley-bib and (2005) assumes health transition starts in 1920s (1925)
Riley file Langford & Storey (1993)
Riley-bib and Riley (2005) assumes health transition starts in 1920s (1925)
Riley file ?
Riley file ?
UN:WPP
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UN:WPP medium variant projection
GM model 5
GM model 5
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Riley file
Riley file
Riley file
Riley file
Riley file
Riley file
Riley file
Riley file
Riley file
Riley file
Riley file
Riley file
Riley file
Riley file
Riley file
Riley file
Riley file
Riley file
Riley file
Riley file
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
Directorate General of Budget, Accounting & Statistics (DGBAS), Taiwan
GM extrapolation To have an estimate for 20 5
UN:WPP
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UN:WPP medium variant projection
GM model The estimate for 1937 is, at 40.3, est 5
GM model Riley (2005b) suggThe estimate for 1937 is, at 40.3, est 5
Riley file Riley's online bibliography: "Chamratrithirong (1981), Arnold, Retherford, an
Riley file
Riley file
Riley file
Riley file
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Riley file Riley's online bibliography: "According to estimates of life expectancy provided by Condé (197
Riley file Riley's online bibliography: "According to estimates of life expectancy provided by Condé (197
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GM model 5
GM model Riley's online bibliography: "Population of Turkey (1995 5
Riley file
Riley file
Riley file
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Riley file Meslé, France and Jacques Vallin. 2003. Mortalité et causes de dé
Riley file Meslé, France and Jacques Vallin. 2003. Mortalité et causes de dé
Riley file Meslé, France and Jacques Vallin. 2003. Mortalité et causes de dé
Riley file Meslé, France and Jacques Vallin. 2003. Mortalité et causes de dé
Riley file Meslé, France and Jacques Vallin. 2003. Mortalité et causes de dé
Riley file Meslé, France and Jacques Vallin. 2003. Mortalité et causes de dé
Riley file Meslé, France and Jacques Vallin. 2003. Mortalité et causes de dé
Riley file Meslé, France and Jacques Vallin. 2003. Mortalité et causes de dé
Riley file Meslé, France and Jacques Vallin. 2003. Mortalité et causes de dé
Riley file Meslé, France and Jacques Vallin. 2003. Mortalité et causes de dé
Riley file Meslé, France and Jacques Vallin. 2003. Mortalité et causes de dé
Riley file Meslé, France and Jacques Vallin. 2003. Mortalité et causes de dé
Riley file Meslé, France and Jacques Vallin. 2003. Mortalité et causes de dé
UN:WPP
UN:WPP
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
UN:WPP medium variant projection
GM model 5
GM model No information from Riley (2005b). Riley's online biblio 5
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Wrigley et al. 1997 from Riley file, not preferred. Questions have been raised about undercounti
Wrigley et al. 1997 from Riley file, not preferred. Questions have been raised about undercounti
Wrigley et al. 1997 from Riley file, not preferred. Questions have been raised about undercounti
Wrigley et al. 1997 from Riley file, not preferred. Questions have been raised about undercounti
Wrigley et al. 1997 from Riley file, not preferred. Questions have been raised about undercounti
Wrigley et al. 1997 from Riley file, not preferred. Questions have been raised about undercounti
Wrigley et al. 1997 from Riley file, not preferred. Questions have been raised about undercounti
Wrigley et al. 1997 from Riley file, not preferred. Questions have been raised about undercounti
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HLD Social secuFelicitie C. Bell and Michael L. Miller. Life Tables for the United St
HLD Social secuFelicitie C. Bell and Michael L. Miller. Life Tables for the United St
HLD Social secuFelicitie C. Bell and Michael L. Miller. Life Tables for the United St
HLD Social secuFelicitie C. Bell and Michael L. Miller. Life Tables for the United St
HLD Social secuFelicitie C. Bell and Michael L. Miller. Life Tables for the United St
HLD Social secuFelicitie C. Bell and Michael L. Miller. Life Tables for the United St
HLD Social secuFelicitie C. Bell and Michael L. Miller. Life Tables for the United St
HLD Social secuFelicitie C. Bell and Michael L. Miller. Life Tables for the United St
HLD Social secuFelicitie C. Bell and Michael L. Miller. Life Tables for the United St
HLD Social secuFelicitie C. Bell and Michael L. Miller. Life Tables for the United St
HLD Social secuFelicitie C. Bell and Michael L. Miller. Life Tables for the United St
HLD Social secuFelicitie C. Bell and Michael L. Miller. Life Tables for the United St
HLD Social secuFelicitie C. Bell and Michael L. Miller. Life Tables for the United St
HLD Social secuFelicitie C. Bell and Michael L. Miller. Life Tables for the United St
HLD Social secuFelicitie C. Bell and Michael L. Miller. Life Tables for the United St
HLD Social secuFelicitie C. Bell and Michael L. Miller. Life Tables for the United St
HLD Social secuFelicitie C. Bell and Michael L. Miller. Life Tables for the United St
HLD Social secuFelicitie C. Bell and Michael L. Miller. Life Tables for the United St
HLD Social secuFelicitie C. Bell and Michael L. Miller. Life Tables for the United St
HLD Social secuFelicitie C. Bell and Michael L. Miller. Life Tables for the United St
HLD Social secuFelicitie C. Bell and Michael L. Miller. Life Tables for the United St
HLD Social secuFelicitie C. Bell and Michael L. Miller. Life Tables for the United St
HLD Social secuFelicitie C. Bell and Michael L. Miller. Life Tables for the United St
HLD Social secuFelicitie C. Bell and Michael L. Miller. Life Tables for the United St
HLD Social secuFelicitie C. Bell and Michael L. Miller. Life Tables for the United St
HLD Social secuFelicitie C. Bell and Michael L. Miller. Life Tables for the United St
HLD Social secuFelicitie C. Bell and Michael L. Miller. Life Tables for the United St
HLD Social secuFelicitie C. Bell and Michael L. Miller. Life Tables for the United St
HLD Social secuFelicitie C. Bell and Michael L. Miller. Life Tables for the United St
HLD Social secuFelicitie C. Bell and Michael L. Miller. Life Tables for the United St
HLD Social secuFelicitie C. Bell and Michael L. Miller. Life Tables for the United St
HLD Social secuFelicitie C. Bell and Michael L. Miller. Life Tables for the United St
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
HMD 1
UN:WPP
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Vietnam’s health transition began in the 1920s or 1930s but has been interru
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Riley file
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UN:WPP medium variant projection
GM model 5
GM model 5
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ung in den österreichischen Alpenländern im Zeitalter der Hochindustrialisierung (1868 bis 1912), in: Österreichisches Statistisches Zentral
ung in den österreichischen Alpenländern im Zeitalter der Hochindustrialisierung (1868 bis 1912), in: Österreichisches Statistisches Zentral
ung in den österreichischen Alpenländern im Zeitalter der Hochindustrialisierung (1868 bis 1912), in: Österreichisches Statistisches Zentral
ung in den österreichischen Alpenländern im Zeitalter der Hochindustrialisierung (1868 bis 1912), in: Österreichisches Statistisches Zentral
ansition as Russia (1900, according to Riley 2005b), this estimate also functions as an end to the baseline.
-1.7 36.8
-1.7 36.8
1920s or 30s - and goes with 1920s or 30s
n of Cambodia, 1945-1980,” Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly 48: 317-60.
/www.statcan.ca/english/research/91F0015MIE/91F0015MIE1997003.pdf
/www.statcan.ca/english/research/91F0015MIE/91F0015MIE1997003.pdf
/www.statcan.ca/english/research/91F0015MIE/91F0015MIE1997003.pdf
/www.statcan.ca/english/research/91F0015MIE/91F0015MIE1997003.pdf
/www.statcan.ca/english/research/91F0015MIE/91F0015MIE1997003.pdf
/www.statcan.ca/english/research/91F0015MIE/91F0015MIE1997003.pdf
/www.statcan.ca/english/research/91F0015MIE/91F0015MIE1997003.pdf
/www.statcan.ca/english/research/91F0015MIE/91F0015MIE1997003.pdf
/www.statcan.ca/english/research/91F0015MIE/91F0015MIE1997003.pdf
ables and Age Distributions for the Population of China, by Year, from 1953 to 1982. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylv
ables and Age Distributions for the Population of China, by Year, from 1953 to 1982. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylv
ables and Age Distributions for the Population of China, by Year, from 1953 to 1982. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylv
ables and Age Distributions for the Population of China, by Year, from 1953 to 1982. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylv
ables and Age Distributions for the Population of China, by Year, from 1953 to 1982. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylv
ables and Age Distributions for the Population of China, by Year, from 1953 to 1982. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylv
ables and Age Distributions for the Population of China, by Year, from 1953 to 1982. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylv
ables and Age Distributions for the Population of China, by Year, from 1953 to 1982. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylv
ables and Age Distributions for the Population of China, by Year, from 1953 to 1982. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylv
ables and Age Distributions for the Population of China, by Year, from 1953 to 1982. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylv
ables and Age Distributions for the Population of China, by Year, from 1953 to 1982. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylv
ables and Age Distributions for the Population of China, by Year, from 1953 to 1982. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylv
ables and Age Distributions for the Population of China, by Year, from 1953 to 1982. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylv
ables and Age Distributions for the Population of China, by Year, from 1953 to 1982. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylv
ables and Age Distributions for the Population of China, by Year, from 1953 to 1982. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylv
ables and Age Distributions for the Population of China, by Year, from 1953 to 1982. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylv
ables and Age Distributions for the Population of China, by Year, from 1953 to 1982. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylv
ables and Age Distributions for the Population of China, by Year, from 1953 to 1982. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylv
ables and Age Distributions for the Population of China, by Year, from 1953 to 1982. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylv
ables and Age Distributions for the Population of China, by Year, from 1953 to 1982. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylv
ables and Age Distributions for the Population of China, by Year, from 1953 to 1982. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylv
ables and Age Distributions for the Population of China, by Year, from 1953 to 1982. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylv
ables and Age Distributions for the Population of China, by Year, from 1953 to 1982. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylv
ables and Age Distributions for the Population of China, by Year, from 1953 to 1982. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylv
ables and Age Distributions for the Population of China, by Year, from 1953 to 1982. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylv
ables and Age Distributions for the Population of China, by Year, from 1953 to 1982. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylv
ables and Age Distributions for the Population of China, by Year, from 1953 to 1982. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylv
ables and Age Distributions for the Population of China, by Year, from 1953 to 1982. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylv
ables and Age Distributions for the Population of China, by Year, from 1953 to 1982. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylv
4) or Mata & Rosero (1988)
for Latin American Populations in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries. Berkeley.
he eighteenth century, constructed from parish records, show that life expectancy began to rise in the 1790s (Blayo, 1975) from a beginnin
een 1790s & 1820s, I used estimates from Riley's files, even though he did not consider them trustworthy enough to include in his timeser
he eighteenth century, constructed from parish records, show that life expectancy began to rise in the 1790s (Blayo, 1975) from a beginnin
he eighteenth century, constructed from parish records, show that life expectancy began to rise in the 1790s (Blayo, 1975) from a beginnin
he eighteenth century, constructed from parish records, show that life expectancy began to rise in the 1790s (Blayo, 1975) from a beginnin
he eighteenth century, constructed from parish records, show that life expectancy began to rise in the 1790s (Blayo, 1975) from a beginnin
he eighteenth century, constructed from parish records, show that life expectancy began to rise in the 1790s (Blayo, 1975) from a beginnin
he eighteenth century, constructed from parish records, show that life expectancy began to rise in the 1790s (Blayo, 1975) from a beginnin
he eighteenth century, constructed from parish records, show that life expectancy began to rise in the 1790s (Blayo, 1975) from a beginnin
he eighteenth century, constructed from parish records, show that life expectancy began to rise in the 1790s (Blayo, 1975) from a beginnin
he eighteenth century, constructed from parish records, show that life expectancy began to rise in the 1790s (Blayo, 1975) from a beginnin
he eighteenth century, constructed from parish records, show that life expectancy began to rise in the 1790s (Blayo, 1975) from a beginnin
he eighteenth century, constructed from parish records, show that life expectancy began to rise in the 1790s (Blayo, 1975) from a beginnin
he eighteenth century, constructed from parish records, show that life expectancy began to rise in the 1790s (Blayo, 1975) from a beginnin
he eighteenth century, constructed from parish records, show that life expectancy began to rise in the 1790s (Blayo, 1975) from a beginnin
he eighteenth century, constructed from parish records, show that life expectancy began to rise in the 1790s (Blayo, 1975) from a beginnin
he eighteenth century, constructed from parish records, show that life expectancy began to rise in the 1790s (Blayo, 1975) from a beginnin
he eighteenth century, constructed from parish records, show that life expectancy began to rise in the 1790s (Blayo, 1975) from a beginnin
he eighteenth century, constructed from parish records, show that life expectancy began to rise in the 1790s (Blayo, 1975) from a beginnin
he eighteenth century, constructed from parish records, show that life expectancy began to rise in the 1790s (Blayo, 1975) from a beginnin
he eighteenth century, constructed from parish records, show that life expectancy began to rise in the 1790s (Blayo, 1975) from a beginnin
he eighteenth century, constructed from parish records, show that life expectancy began to rise in the 1790s (Blayo, 1975) from a beginnin
he eighteenth century, constructed from parish records, show that life expectancy began to rise in the 1790s (Blayo, 1975) from a beginnin
he eighteenth century, constructed from parish records, show that life expectancy began to rise in the 1790s (Blayo, 1975) from a beginnin
he eighteenth century, constructed from parish records, show that life expectancy began to rise in the 1790s (Blayo, 1975) from a beginnin
he eighteenth century, constructed from parish records, show that life expectancy began to rise in the 1790s (Blayo, 1975) from a beginnin
62; Taeuber, 1952
62; Taeuber, 1952
yes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
yes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
yes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
yes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
yes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
yes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
yes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
yes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
yes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
yes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
yes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
yes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
yes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
yes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
yes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
yes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
yes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
yes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
10-20 by civil war and the influenza epidemic, but resumed in the 1920s and came at a fast pace between 1925 and 1960.
10-20 by civil war and the influenza epidemic, but resumed in the 1920s and came at a fast pace between 1925 and 1960.
10-20 by civil war and the influenza epidemic, but resumed in the 1920s and came at a fast pace between 1925 and 1960.
10-20 by civil war and the influenza epidemic, but resumed in the 1920s and came at a fast pace between 1925 and 1960.
10-20 by civil war and the influenza epidemic, but resumed in the 1920s and came at a fast pace between 1925 and 1960.
10-20 by civil war and the influenza epidemic, but resumed in the 1920s and came at a fast pace between 1925 and 1960.
10-20 by civil war and the influenza epidemic, but resumed in the 1920s and came at a fast pace between 1925 and 1960.
10-20 by civil war and the influenza epidemic, but resumed in the 1920s and came at a fast pace between 1925 and 1960.
10-20 by civil war and the influenza epidemic, but resumed in the 1920s and came at a fast pace between 1925 and 1960.
10-20 by civil war and the influenza epidemic, but resumed in the 1920s and came at a fast pace between 1925 and 1960.
yes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
yes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
yes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
yes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
yes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
yes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
yes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
yes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
yes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
yes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
yes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
yes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
yes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
yes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
yes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
yes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
yes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
yes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
yes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
yes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
yes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
yes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
yes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
yes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
yes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
yes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
yes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
yes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
yes. 1958. Bravo Becherelle, M. A. and R. Jiménez Reyes. 1958. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 18: 81-136.
o decline either in the 1930s or in the postwar 1940s.
2.5) and the oceania european estimate (45.6) from Riley (2005a).
d the oceania european average.
hic History of New Zealand. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of California at Berkeley.
hic History of New Zealand. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of California at Berkeley.
hic History of New Zealand. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of California at Berkeley.
hic History of New Zealand. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of California at Berkeley.
hic History of New Zealand. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of California at Berkeley.
hic History of New Zealand. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of California at Berkeley.
hic History of New Zealand. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of California at Berkeley.
tion Method Applied To Norway, 1735-1974, Unpublished typescript.
ine around 1900, with an interruption in the 1940s, and Afzal (1974) accepts this chronology. Ahmed (1963) estimates life expectancy in P
ine around 1900, with an interruption in the 1940s, and Afzal (1974) accepts this chronology. Ahmed (1963) estimates life expectancy in P
ine around 1900, with an interruption in the 1940s, and Afzal (1974) accepts this chronology. Ahmed (1963) estimates life expectancy in P
ine around 1900, with an interruption in the 1940s, and Afzal (1974) accepts this chronology. Ahmed (1963) estimates life expectancy in P
ine around 1900, with an interruption in the 1940s, and Afzal (1974) accepts this chronology. Ahmed (1963) estimates life expectancy in P
ine around 1900, with an interruption in the 1940s, and Afzal (1974) accepts this chronology. Ahmed (1963) estimates life expectancy in P
ine around 1900, with an interruption in the 1940s, and Afzal (1974) accepts this chronology. Ahmed (1963) estimates life expectancy in P
ine around 1900, with an interruption in the 1940s, and Afzal (1974) accepts this chronology. Ahmed (1963) estimates life expectancy in P
ine around 1900, with an interruption in the 1940s, and Afzal (1974) accepts this chronology. Ahmed (1963) estimates life expectancy in P
ine around 1900, with an interruption in the 1940s, and Afzal (1974) accepts this chronology. Ahmed (1963) estimates life expectancy in P
ine around 1900, with an interruption in the 1940s, and Afzal (1974) accepts this chronology. Ahmed (1963) estimates life expectancy in P
ine around 1900, with an interruption in the 1940s, and Afzal (1974) accepts this chronology. Ahmed (1963) estimates life expectancy in P
ine around 1900, with an interruption in the 1940s, and Afzal (1974) accepts this chronology. Ahmed (1963) estimates life expectancy in P
ine around 1900, with an interruption in the 1940s, and Afzal (1974) accepts this chronology. Ahmed (1963) estimates life expectancy in P
ine around 1900, with an interruption in the 1940s, and Afzal (1974) accepts this chronology. Ahmed (1963) estimates life expectancy in P
ine around 1900, with an interruption in the 1940s, and Afzal (1974) accepts this chronology. Ahmed (1963) estimates life expectancy in P
ine around 1900, with an interruption in the 1940s, and Afzal (1974) accepts this chronology. Ahmed (1963) estimates life expectancy in P
ine around 1900, with an interruption in the 1940s, and Afzal (1974) accepts this chronology. Ahmed (1963) estimates life expectancy in P
ine around 1900, with an interruption in the 1940s, and Afzal (1974) accepts this chronology. Ahmed (1963) estimates life expectancy in P
ine around 1900, with an interruption in the 1940s, and Afzal (1974) accepts this chronology. Ahmed (1963) estimates life expectancy in P
ine around 1900, with an interruption in the 1940s, and Afzal (1974) accepts this chronology. Ahmed (1963) estimates life expectancy in P
ine around 1900, with an interruption in the 1940s, and Afzal (1974) accepts this chronology. Ahmed (1963) estimates life expectancy in P
ine around 1900, with an interruption in the 1940s, and Afzal (1974) accepts this chronology. Ahmed (1963) estimates life expectancy in P
ine around 1900, with an interruption in the 1940s, and Afzal (1974) accepts this chronology. Ahmed (1963) estimates life expectancy in P
ine around 1900, with an interruption in the 1940s, and Afzal (1974) accepts this chronology. Ahmed (1963) estimates life expectancy in P
s that the crude death rate in Panama City and Colon fell sharply from 1909 to the 1920s, as it did also in the Canal Zone, inhabited mostly
of Papua New Guinea’s Indigenous Population. Port Moresby.
iaga, 1968), but life expectancy probably did not reach the level estimated by the UN for the early 1950s of 62.7 years.
for Latin American Populations in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries. Berkeley.
a y censos, Estudio sobre la población peruana: Caracteristicas y evolución. Lima.
one of recurrent crises caused by epidemics and war, and this picture is affirmed by CDR estimates in Smith (1975).
one of recurrent crises caused by epidemics and war, and this picture is affirmed by CDR estimates in Smith (1975).
one of recurrent crises caused by epidemics and war, and this picture is affirmed by CDR estimates in Smith (1975).
one of recurrent crises caused by epidemics and war, and this picture is affirmed by CDR estimates in Smith (1975).
one of recurrent crises caused by epidemics and war, and this picture is affirmed by CDR estimates in Smith (1975).
one of recurrent crises caused by epidemics and war, and this picture is affirmed by CDR estimates in Smith (1975).
one of recurrent crises caused by epidemics and war, and this picture is affirmed by CDR estimates in Smith (1975).
one of recurrent crises caused by epidemics and war, and this picture is affirmed by CDR estimates in Smith (1975).
one of recurrent crises caused by epidemics and war, and this picture is affirmed by CDR estimates in Smith (1975).
one of recurrent crises caused by epidemics and war, and this picture is affirmed by CDR estimates in Smith (1975).
one of recurrent crises caused by epidemics and war, and this picture is affirmed by CDR estimates in Smith (1975).
one of recurrent crises caused by epidemics and war, and this picture is affirmed by CDR estimates in Smith (1975).
one of recurrent crises caused by epidemics and war, and this picture is affirmed by CDR estimates in Smith (1975).
one of recurrent crises caused by epidemics and war, and this picture is affirmed by CDR estimates in Smith (1975).
one of recurrent crises caused by epidemics and war, and this picture is affirmed by CDR estimates in Smith (1975).
one of recurrent crises caused by epidemics and war, and this picture is affirmed by CDR estimates in Smith (1975).
one of recurrent crises caused by epidemics and war, and this picture is affirmed by CDR estimates in Smith (1975).
one of recurrent crises caused by epidemics and war, and this picture is affirmed by CDR estimates in Smith (1975).
one of recurrent crises caused by epidemics and war, and this picture is affirmed by CDR estimates in Smith (1975).
one of recurrent crises caused by epidemics and war, and this picture is affirmed by CDR estimates in Smith (1975).
one of recurrent crises caused by epidemics and war, and this picture is affirmed by CDR estimates in Smith (1975).
one of recurrent crises caused by epidemics and war, and this picture is affirmed by CDR estimates in Smith (1975).
one of recurrent crises caused by epidemics and war, and this picture is affirmed by CDR estimates in Smith (1975).
one of recurrent crises caused by epidemics and war, and this picture is affirmed by CDR estimates in Smith (1975).
one of recurrent crises caused by epidemics and war, and this picture is affirmed by CDR estimates in Smith (1975).
one of recurrent crises caused by epidemics and war, and this picture is affirmed by CDR estimates in Smith (1975).
one of recurrent crises caused by epidemics and war, and this picture is affirmed by CDR estimates in Smith (1975).
one of recurrent crises caused by epidemics and war, and this picture is affirmed by CDR estimates in Smith (1975).
ments in life expectancy slowed down during the period 1942-45, but there are no estimates to show this. ("Zablan’s series of crude death
ments in life expectancy slowed down during the period 1942-45, but there are no estimates to show this. ("Zablan’s series of crude death
rom Morgado (1979) and Mitchell (EHS 1981) indicate some improvement in survival in the 1890s, but do not show an ongoing trend.
rom Morgado (1979) and Mitchell (EHS 1981) indicate some improvement in survival in the 1890s, but do not show an ongoing trend.
rom Morgado (1979) and Mitchell (EHS 1981) indicate some improvement in survival in the 1890s, but do not show an ongoing trend.
rom Morgado (1979) and Mitchell (EHS 1981) indicate some improvement in survival in the 1890s, but do not show an ongoing trend.
rom Morgado (1979) and Mitchell (EHS 1981) indicate some improvement in survival in the 1890s, but do not show an ongoing trend.
rom Morgado (1979) and Mitchell (EHS 1981) indicate some improvement in survival in the 1890s, but do not show an ongoing trend.
rom Morgado (1979) and Mitchell (EHS 1981) indicate some improvement in survival in the 1890s, but do not show an ongoing trend.
rom Morgado (1979) and Mitchell (EHS 1981) indicate some improvement in survival in the 1890s, but do not show an ongoing trend.
rom Morgado (1979) and Mitchell (EHS 1981) indicate some improvement in survival in the 1890s, but do not show an ongoing trend.
rom Morgado (1979) and Mitchell (EHS 1981) indicate some improvement in survival in the 1890s, but do not show an ongoing trend.
te modest gains, life expectancy rose sharply in the 1900s from a beginning level of 30.4 to 32.1 years, changed little in the 1910s and 1920
te modest gains, life expectancy rose sharply in the 1900s from a beginning level of 30.4 to 32.1 years, changed little in the 1910s and 1920
te modest gains, life expectancy rose sharply in the 1900s from a beginning level of 30.4 to 32.1 years, changed little in the 1910s and 1920
te modest gains, life expectancy rose sharply in the 1900s from a beginning level of 30.4 to 32.1 years, changed little in the 1910s and 1920
tion and Demographic Trends. Trans. by Caterina Augusta Grundbock. Bucharest.; Trebici, Vladimir. 1982. “Situation démographique de la
cy and Causes of Death in the USSR,” pp. 279-93 in Wolfgang Lutz, Sergei Scherbov, and Andreis Volkov, eds., Demographic Trends and Patt
cy and Causes of Death in the USSR,” pp. 279-93 in Wolfgang Lutz, Sergei Scherbov, and Andreis Volkov, eds., Demographic Trends and Patt
cy and Causes of Death in the USSR,” pp. 279-93 in Wolfgang Lutz, Sergei Scherbov, and Andreis Volkov, eds., Demographic Trends and Patt
cy and Causes of Death in the USSR,” pp. 279-93 in Wolfgang Lutz, Sergei Scherbov, and Andreis Volkov, eds., Demographic Trends and Patt
cy and Causes of Death in the USSR,” pp. 279-93 in Wolfgang Lutz, Sergei Scherbov, and Andreis Volkov, eds., Demographic Trends and Patt
cy and Causes of Death in the USSR,” pp. 279-93 in Wolfgang Lutz, Sergei Scherbov, and Andreis Volkov, eds., Demographic Trends and Patt
cy and Causes of Death in the USSR,” pp. 279-93 in Wolfgang Lutz, Sergei Scherbov, and Andreis Volkov, eds., Demographic Trends and Patt
cy and Causes of Death in the USSR,” pp. 279-93 in Wolfgang Lutz, Sergei Scherbov, and Andreis Volkov, eds., Demographic Trends and Patt
cy and Causes of Death in the USSR,” pp. 279-93 in Wolfgang Lutz, Sergei Scherbov, and Andreis Volkov, eds., Demographic Trends and Patt
cy and Causes of Death in the USSR,” pp. 279-93 in Wolfgang Lutz, Sergei Scherbov, and Andreis Volkov, eds., Demographic Trends and Patt
cy and Causes of Death in the USSR,” pp. 279-93 in Wolfgang Lutz, Sergei Scherbov, and Andreis Volkov, eds., Demographic Trends and Patt
cy and Causes of Death in the USSR,” pp. 279-93 in Wolfgang Lutz, Sergei Scherbov, and Andreis Volkov, eds., Demographic Trends and Patt
cy and Causes of Death in the USSR,” pp. 279-93 in Wolfgang Lutz, Sergei Scherbov, and Andreis Volkov, eds., Demographic Trends and Patt
cy and Causes of Death in the USSR,” pp. 279-93 in Wolfgang Lutz, Sergei Scherbov, and Andreis Volkov, eds., Demographic Trends and Patt
cy and Causes of Death in the USSR,” pp. 279-93 in Wolfgang Lutz, Sergei Scherbov, and Andreis Volkov, eds., Demographic Trends and Patt
cy and Causes of Death in the USSR,” pp. 279-93 in Wolfgang Lutz, Sergei Scherbov, and Andreis Volkov, eds., Demographic Trends and Patt
cy and Causes of Death in the USSR,” pp. 279-93 in Wolfgang Lutz, Sergei Scherbov, and Andreis Volkov, eds., Demographic Trends and Patt
cy and Causes of Death in the USSR,” pp. 279-93 in Wolfgang Lutz, Sergei Scherbov, and Andreis Volkov, eds., Demographic Trends and Patt
cy and Causes of Death in the USSR,” pp. 279-93 in Wolfgang Lutz, Sergei Scherbov, and Andreis Volkov, eds., Demographic Trends and Patt
cy and Causes of Death in the USSR,” pp. 279-93 in Wolfgang Lutz, Sergei Scherbov, and Andreis Volkov, eds., Demographic Trends and Patt
cy and Causes of Death in the USSR,” pp. 279-93 in Wolfgang Lutz, Sergei Scherbov, and Andreis Volkov, eds., Demographic Trends and Patt
cy and Causes of Death in the USSR,” pp. 279-93 in Wolfgang Lutz, Sergei Scherbov, and Andreis Volkov, eds., Demographic Trends and Patt
cy and Causes of Death in the USSR,” pp. 279-93 in Wolfgang Lutz, Sergei Scherbov, and Andreis Volkov, eds., Demographic Trends and Patt
cy and Causes of Death in the USSR,” pp. 279-93 in Wolfgang Lutz, Sergei Scherbov, and Andreis Volkov, eds., Demographic Trends and Patt
cy and Causes of Death in the USSR,” pp. 279-93 in Wolfgang Lutz, Sergei Scherbov, and Andreis Volkov, eds., Demographic Trends and Patt
cy and Causes of Death in the USSR,” pp. 279-93 in Wolfgang Lutz, Sergei Scherbov, and Andreis Volkov, eds., Demographic Trends and Patt
unavailable until the 1920s, but Srb’s (1962-63) estimates for the combined Czech and Slovak lands indicate that life expectancy began to
unavailable until the 1920s, but Srb’s (1962-63) estimates for the combined Czech and Slovak lands indicate that life expectancy began to
unavailable until the 1920s, but Srb’s (1962-63) estimates for the combined Czech and Slovak lands indicate that life expectancy began to
arly 1950s, 44.0 years, is high enough to suggest that gains in life expectancy and infant mortality began as least as early as the 1940s
Puyol Antolín, 1988; and Cohen Anselem, 1996), both Nadal’s crude death rates series and Dopico’s reconstructions (Dopico and Rowland
ains in life expectancy to the late nineteenth century, Sarkar (1957) and Roche (1976) to the early 1900s, Ramachandran (1959) to 1923, a
teady and continuous” decline in infant and overall mortality in 1920, and Liu (2000) accepts Mizraee’s estimates. Taiwan was a Japanese
, Arnold, Retherford, and Wanglee (1977), Bourgeois-Pichat (1974), Rungpitarangsi (1974), and Thomlinson (1971) agree that mortality de
/F6827E2D-CE67-4419-9D2F-66B8B45D54A1/88189/DBHOH_PAP_14167_3644.pdf
tly jumped upward after slavery was abolished, in the 1830s, but the health transition and its sustained gains did not begin until later. Har
tly jumped upward after slavery was abolished, in the 1830s, but the health transition and its sustained gains did not begin until later. Har
tly jumped upward after slavery was abolished, in the 1830s, but the health transition and its sustained gains did not begin until later. Har
tly jumped upward after slavery was abolished, in the 1830s, but the health transition and its sustained gains did not begin until later. Har
tly jumped upward after slavery was abolished, in the 1830s, but the health transition and its sustained gains did not begin until later. Har
tly jumped upward after slavery was abolished, in the 1830s, but the health transition and its sustained gains did not begin until later. Har
tly jumped upward after slavery was abolished, in the 1830s, but the health transition and its sustained gains did not begin until later. Har
tly jumped upward after slavery was abolished, in the 1830s, but the health transition and its sustained gains did not begin until later. Har
tly jumped upward after slavery was abolished, in the 1830s, but the health transition and its sustained gains did not begin until later. Har
tly jumped upward after slavery was abolished, in the 1830s, but the health transition and its sustained gains did not begin until later. Har
tly jumped upward after slavery was abolished, in the 1830s, but the health transition and its sustained gains did not begin until later. Har
tly jumped upward after slavery was abolished, in the 1830s, but the health transition and its sustained gains did not begin until later. Har
tly jumped upward after slavery was abolished, in the 1830s, but the health transition and its sustained gains did not begin until later. Har
tly jumped upward after slavery was abolished, in the 1830s, but the health transition and its sustained gains did not begin until later. Har
tly jumped upward after slavery was abolished, in the 1830s, but the health transition and its sustained gains did not begin until later. Har
tly jumped upward after slavery was abolished, in the 1830s, but the health transition and its sustained gains did not begin until later. Har
tly jumped upward after slavery was abolished, in the 1830s, but the health transition and its sustained gains did not begin until later. Har
tly jumped upward after slavery was abolished, in the 1830s, but the health transition and its sustained gains did not begin until later. Har
tly jumped upward after slavery was abolished, in the 1830s, but the health transition and its sustained gains did not begin until later. Har
tly jumped upward after slavery was abolished, in the 1830s, but the health transition and its sustained gains did not begin until later. Har
tly jumped upward after slavery was abolished, in the 1830s, but the health transition and its sustained gains did not begin until later. Har
tly jumped upward after slavery was abolished, in the 1830s, but the health transition and its sustained gains did not begin until later. Har
tly jumped upward after slavery was abolished, in the 1830s, but the health transition and its sustained gains did not begin until later. Har
tly jumped upward after slavery was abolished, in the 1830s, but the health transition and its sustained gains did not begin until later. Har
tly jumped upward after slavery was abolished, in the 1830s, but the health transition and its sustained gains did not begin until later. Har
tly jumped upward after slavery was abolished, in the 1830s, but the health transition and its sustained gains did not begin until later. Har
tly jumped upward after slavery was abolished, in the 1830s, but the health transition and its sustained gains did not begin until later. Har
tly jumped upward after slavery was abolished, in the 1830s, but the health transition and its sustained gains did not begin until later. Har
tly jumped upward after slavery was abolished, in the 1830s, but the health transition and its sustained gains did not begin until later. Har
tly jumped upward after slavery was abolished, in the 1830s, but the health transition and its sustained gains did not begin until later. Har
tly jumped upward after slavery was abolished, in the 1830s, but the health transition and its sustained gains did not begin until later. Har
tly jumped upward after slavery was abolished, in the 1830s, but the health transition and its sustained gains did not begin until later. Har
tly jumped upward after slavery was abolished, in the 1830s, but the health transition and its sustained gains did not begin until later. Har
provided by Condé (1973), overall mortality began to decline in the 1920s from a beginning level of some 28.8 years. B’Chir (1981) and B’C
provided by Condé (1973), overall mortality began to decline in the 1920s from a beginning level of some 28.8 years. B’Chir (1981) and B’C
-1.8 36.8
-1.8 36.8
e expectancy around 1900 at 36.6 years. That plus the estimates from Meslé and Vallin (2003) suggest that life expectancy began to impro
nd in white or non white mortality in the period 1800-1860 (McClelland and Zeckhauser, 1982), chiefly because data are sparse and difficu
nd in white or non white mortality in the period 1800-1860 (McClelland and Zeckhauser, 1982), chiefly because data are sparse and difficu
nd in white or non white mortality in the period 1800-1860 (McClelland and Zeckhauser, 1982), chiefly because data are sparse and difficu
nd in white or non white mortality in the period 1800-1860 (McClelland and Zeckhauser, 1982), chiefly because data are sparse and difficu
nd in white or non white mortality in the period 1800-1860 (McClelland and Zeckhauser, 1982), chiefly because data are sparse and difficu
nd in white or non white mortality in the period 1800-1860 (McClelland and Zeckhauser, 1982), chiefly because data are sparse and difficu
nd in white or non white mortality in the period 1800-1860 (McClelland and Zeckhauser, 1982), chiefly because data are sparse and difficu
nd in white or non white mortality in the period 1800-1860 (McClelland and Zeckhauser, 1982), chiefly because data are sparse and difficu
nd in white or non white mortality in the period 1800-1860 (McClelland and Zeckhauser, 1982), chiefly because data are sparse and difficu
Tables for the United States Social Security Area 1900-2100. Actuarial Study No. 116.
Tables for the United States Social Security Area 1900-2100. Actuarial Study No. 116.
Tables for the United States Social Security Area 1900-2100. Actuarial Study No. 116.
Tables for the United States Social Security Area 1900-2100. Actuarial Study No. 116.
Tables for the United States Social Security Area 1900-2100. Actuarial Study No. 116.
Tables for the United States Social Security Area 1900-2100. Actuarial Study No. 116.
Tables for the United States Social Security Area 1900-2100. Actuarial Study No. 116.
Tables for the United States Social Security Area 1900-2100. Actuarial Study No. 116.
Tables for the United States Social Security Area 1900-2100. Actuarial Study No. 116.
Tables for the United States Social Security Area 1900-2100. Actuarial Study No. 116.
Tables for the United States Social Security Area 1900-2100. Actuarial Study No. 116.
Tables for the United States Social Security Area 1900-2100. Actuarial Study No. 116.
Tables for the United States Social Security Area 1900-2100. Actuarial Study No. 116.
Tables for the United States Social Security Area 1900-2100. Actuarial Study No. 116.
Tables for the United States Social Security Area 1900-2100. Actuarial Study No. 116.
Tables for the United States Social Security Area 1900-2100. Actuarial Study No. 116.
Tables for the United States Social Security Area 1900-2100. Actuarial Study No. 116.
Tables for the United States Social Security Area 1900-2100. Actuarial Study No. 116.
Tables for the United States Social Security Area 1900-2100. Actuarial Study No. 116.
Tables for the United States Social Security Area 1900-2100. Actuarial Study No. 116.
Tables for the United States Social Security Area 1900-2100. Actuarial Study No. 116.
Tables for the United States Social Security Area 1900-2100. Actuarial Study No. 116.
Tables for the United States Social Security Area 1900-2100. Actuarial Study No. 116.
Tables for the United States Social Security Area 1900-2100. Actuarial Study No. 116.
Tables for the United States Social Security Area 1900-2100. Actuarial Study No. 116.
Tables for the United States Social Security Area 1900-2100. Actuarial Study No. 116.
Tables for the United States Social Security Area 1900-2100. Actuarial Study No. 116.
Tables for the United States Social Security Area 1900-2100. Actuarial Study No. 116.
Tables for the United States Social Security Area 1900-2100. Actuarial Study No. 116.
Tables for the United States Social Security Area 1900-2100. Actuarial Study No. 116.
Tables for the United States Social Security Area 1900-2100. Actuarial Study No. 116.
Tables for the United States Social Security Area 1900-2100. Actuarial Study No. 116.
d en Uruguay en el siglo XX: Cambios, impacto, perspectives. Montevideo.; Migliónico, Américo. 2001a. Tablas abreviadas de mortalidad p
d en Uruguay en el siglo XX: Cambios, impacto, perspectives. Montevideo.; Migliónico, Américo. 2001a. Tablas abreviadas de mortalidad p
d en Uruguay en el siglo XX: Cambios, impacto, perspectives. Montevideo.; Migliónico, Américo. 2001a. Tablas abreviadas de mortalidad p
d en Uruguay en el siglo XX: Cambios, impacto, perspectives. Montevideo.; Migliónico, Américo. 2001a. Tablas abreviadas de mortalidad p
d en Uruguay en el siglo XX: Cambios, impacto, perspectives. Montevideo.; Migliónico, Américo. 2001a. Tablas abreviadas de mortalidad p
d en Uruguay en el siglo XX: Cambios, impacto, perspectives. Montevideo.; Migliónico, Américo. 2001a. Tablas abreviadas de mortalidad p
d en Uruguay en el siglo XX: Cambios, impacto, perspectives. Montevideo.; Migliónico, Américo. 2001a. Tablas abreviadas de mortalidad p
d en Uruguay en el siglo XX: Cambios, impacto, perspectives. Montevideo.; Migliónico, Américo. 2001a. Tablas abreviadas de mortalidad p
d en Uruguay en el siglo XX: Cambios, impacto, perspectives. Montevideo.; Migliónico, Américo. 2001a. Tablas abreviadas de mortalidad p
d en Uruguay en el siglo XX: Cambios, impacto, perspectives. Montevideo.; Migliónico, Américo. 2001a. Tablas abreviadas de mortalidad p
d en Uruguay en el siglo XX: Cambios, impacto, perspectives. Montevideo.; Migliónico, Américo. 2001a. Tablas abreviadas de mortalidad p
d en Uruguay en el siglo XX: Cambios, impacto, perspectives. Montevideo.; Migliónico, Américo. 2001a. Tablas abreviadas de mortalidad p
d en Uruguay en el siglo XX: Cambios, impacto, perspectives. Montevideo.; Migliónico, Américo. 2001a. Tablas abreviadas de mortalidad p
d en Uruguay en el siglo XX: Cambios, impacto, perspectives. Montevideo.; Migliónico, Américo. 2001a. Tablas abreviadas de mortalidad p
d en Uruguay en el siglo XX: Cambios, impacto, perspectives. Montevideo.; Migliónico, Américo. 2001a. Tablas abreviadas de mortalidad p
d en Uruguay en el siglo XX: Cambios, impacto, perspectives. Montevideo.; Migliónico, Américo. 2001a. Tablas abreviadas de mortalidad p
d en Uruguay en el siglo XX: Cambios, impacto, perspectives. Montevideo.; Migliónico, Américo. 2001a. Tablas abreviadas de mortalidad p
d en Uruguay en el siglo XX: Cambios, impacto, perspectives. Montevideo.; Migliónico, Américo. 2001a. Tablas abreviadas de mortalidad p
d en Uruguay en el siglo XX: Cambios, impacto, perspectives. Montevideo.; Migliónico, Américo. 2001a. Tablas abreviadas de mortalidad p
d en Uruguay en el siglo XX: Cambios, impacto, perspectives. Montevideo.; Migliónico, Américo. 2001a. Tablas abreviadas de mortalidad p
d en Uruguay en el siglo XX: Cambios, impacto, perspectives. Montevideo.; Migliónico, Américo. 2001a. Tablas abreviadas de mortalidad p
d en Uruguay en el siglo XX: Cambios, impacto, perspectives. Montevideo.; Migliónico, Américo. 2001a. Tablas abreviadas de mortalidad p
oo poor to decide how much mortality has declined or when. But other authorities make suggestions: Banister (1985) finds the major trans
30s but has been interrupted by Japanese occupation during World War II, a serious famine at the end of that war, during certain parts of
ttp://www.asub.ax/files/BE13en.xls
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ttp://www.asub.ax/files/BE13en.xls
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ttp://www.asub.ax/files/BE13en.xls
om a level of some 33.3 years. Estimates for later years, appear to confirm this picture by closely matching the development of life expect
hisches Statistisches Zentralamt (Eds.), Geschichte und Ergebnisse der zentralen amtlichen Statistik I
hisches Statistisches Zentralamt (Eds.), Geschichte und Ergebnisse der zentralen amtlichen Statistik I
hisches Statistisches Zentralamt (Eds.), Geschichte und Ergebnisse der zentralen amtlichen Statistik I
hisches Statistisches Zentralamt (Eds,), Geschichte und Ergebnisse der zentralen amtlichen Statistik I
hisches Statistisches Zentralamt (Eds.), Geschichte und Ergebnisse der zentralen amtlichen Statistik I
ation, University of Pennsylvania. Abstract at http://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI8816201/
ation, University of Pennsylvania. Abstract at http://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI8816201/
ation, University of Pennsylvania. Abstract at http://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI8816201/
ation, University of Pennsylvania. Abstract at http://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI8816201/
ation, University of Pennsylvania. Abstract at http://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI8816201/
ation, University of Pennsylvania. Abstract at http://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI8816201/
ation, University of Pennsylvania. Abstract at http://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI8816201/
ation, University of Pennsylvania. Abstract at http://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI8816201/
ation, University of Pennsylvania. Abstract at http://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI8816201/
ation, University of Pennsylvania. Abstract at http://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI8816201/
ation, University of Pennsylvania. Abstract at http://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI8816201/
ation, University of Pennsylvania. Abstract at http://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI8816201/
ation, University of Pennsylvania. Abstract at http://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI8816201/
ation, University of Pennsylvania. Abstract at http://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI8816201/
ation, University of Pennsylvania. Abstract at http://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI8816201/
ation, University of Pennsylvania. Abstract at http://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI8816201/
ation, University of Pennsylvania. Abstract at http://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI8816201/
ation, University of Pennsylvania. Abstract at http://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI8816201/
ation, University of Pennsylvania. Abstract at http://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI8816201/
ation, University of Pennsylvania. Abstract at http://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI8816201/
ation, University of Pennsylvania. Abstract at http://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI8816201/
ation, University of Pennsylvania. Abstract at http://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI8816201/
ation, University of Pennsylvania. Abstract at http://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI8816201/
ation, University of Pennsylvania. Abstract at http://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI8816201/
ation, University of Pennsylvania. Abstract at http://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI8816201/
ation, University of Pennsylvania. Abstract at http://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI8816201/
ation, University of Pennsylvania. Abstract at http://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI8816201/
ation, University of Pennsylvania. Abstract at http://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI8816201/
ation, University of Pennsylvania. Abstract at http://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI8816201/
ty.org . Riley's online bibliography: "On the basis of crude death rates (Andersen, 1979a, 1979b, and 1984; Johansen, 2002; Andreev, 2002
UN estimate of life expectancy in 1949-51, at 51.1 years, indicates substantial interim gains for infants and the overall population beginning
Blayo, 1975) from a beginning level of 28.1 years. From the 1820s to the 1870s there was little change in national levels owing to urbanizati
stimates life expectancy in Pakistan in the decade 1941-1951, a period of recurrent crises, at only 22.8 years, but finds that mortality declin
stimates life expectancy in Pakistan in the decade 1941-1951, a period of recurrent crises, at only 22.8 years, but finds that mortality declin
stimates life expectancy in Pakistan in the decade 1941-1951, a period of recurrent crises, at only 22.8 years, but finds that mortality declin
stimates life expectancy in Pakistan in the decade 1941-1951, a period of recurrent crises, at only 22.8 years, but finds that mortality declin
stimates life expectancy in Pakistan in the decade 1941-1951, a period of recurrent crises, at only 22.8 years, but finds that mortality declin
stimates life expectancy in Pakistan in the decade 1941-1951, a period of recurrent crises, at only 22.8 years, but finds that mortality declin
stimates life expectancy in Pakistan in the decade 1941-1951, a period of recurrent crises, at only 22.8 years, but finds that mortality declin
stimates life expectancy in Pakistan in the decade 1941-1951, a period of recurrent crises, at only 22.8 years, but finds that mortality declin
stimates life expectancy in Pakistan in the decade 1941-1951, a period of recurrent crises, at only 22.8 years, but finds that mortality declin
stimates life expectancy in Pakistan in the decade 1941-1951, a period of recurrent crises, at only 22.8 years, but finds that mortality declin
stimates life expectancy in Pakistan in the decade 1941-1951, a period of recurrent crises, at only 22.8 years, but finds that mortality declin
stimates life expectancy in Pakistan in the decade 1941-1951, a period of recurrent crises, at only 22.8 years, but finds that mortality declin
stimates life expectancy in Pakistan in the decade 1941-1951, a period of recurrent crises, at only 22.8 years, but finds that mortality declin
stimates life expectancy in Pakistan in the decade 1941-1951, a period of recurrent crises, at only 22.8 years, but finds that mortality declin
stimates life expectancy in Pakistan in the decade 1941-1951, a period of recurrent crises, at only 22.8 years, but finds that mortality declin
stimates life expectancy in Pakistan in the decade 1941-1951, a period of recurrent crises, at only 22.8 years, but finds that mortality declin
stimates life expectancy in Pakistan in the decade 1941-1951, a period of recurrent crises, at only 22.8 years, but finds that mortality declin
stimates life expectancy in Pakistan in the decade 1941-1951, a period of recurrent crises, at only 22.8 years, but finds that mortality declin
stimates life expectancy in Pakistan in the decade 1941-1951, a period of recurrent crises, at only 22.8 years, but finds that mortality declin
stimates life expectancy in Pakistan in the decade 1941-1951, a period of recurrent crises, at only 22.8 years, but finds that mortality declin
stimates life expectancy in Pakistan in the decade 1941-1951, a period of recurrent crises, at only 22.8 years, but finds that mortality declin
stimates life expectancy in Pakistan in the decade 1941-1951, a period of recurrent crises, at only 22.8 years, but finds that mortality declin
stimates life expectancy in Pakistan in the decade 1941-1951, a period of recurrent crises, at only 22.8 years, but finds that mortality declin
stimates life expectancy in Pakistan in the decade 1941-1951, a period of recurrent crises, at only 22.8 years, but finds that mortality declin
stimates life expectancy in Pakistan in the decade 1941-1951, a period of recurrent crises, at only 22.8 years, but finds that mortality declin
Canal Zone, inhabited mostly by workers from the US and the West Indies. National estimates, available from 1930, show life expectancy a
ablan’s series of crude death rates shows decline after the late 1910s except for the period 1942-45.") We have chosen to set the life expe
ablan’s series of crude death rates shows decline after the late 1910s except for the period 1942-45.") We have chosen to set the life expe
show an ongoing trend.
show an ongoing trend.
show an ongoing trend.
show an ongoing trend.
show an ongoing trend.
show an ongoing trend.
show an ongoing trend.
show an ongoing trend.
show an ongoing trend.
show an ongoing trend.
d little in the 1910s and 1920s, and then again rose sharply from the 1930s (Vázquez, 1961, 1963, 1964, and 1988; Rivera de Morales, 1970
d little in the 1910s and 1920s, and then again rose sharply from the 1930s (Vázquez, 1961, 1963, 1964, and 1988; Rivera de Morales, 1970
d little in the 1910s and 1920s, and then again rose sharply from the 1930s (Vázquez, 1961, 1963, 1964, and 1988; Rivera de Morales, 1970
d little in the 1910s and 1920s, and then again rose sharply from the 1930s (Vázquez, 1961, 1963, 1964, and 1988; Rivera de Morales, 1970
uation démographique de la Roumanie", Travaux et documents de l’INED, Cahier 98: 109-59.; Trebici, Vladimir and Ilie Hristache. 1986. De
Demographic Trends and Patterns in the Soviet Union before 1991. New York.; Andreev, Eugenii, Leonid Darskij, and Tatiana Kharkova. 199
Demographic Trends and Patterns in the Soviet Union before 1991. New York.; Andreev, Eugenii, Leonid Darskij, and Tatiana Kharkova. 199
Demographic Trends and Patterns in the Soviet Union before 1991. New York.; Andreev, Eugenii, Leonid Darskij, and Tatiana Kharkova. 199
Demographic Trends and Patterns in the Soviet Union before 1991. New York.; Andreev, Eugenii, Leonid Darskij, and Tatiana Kharkova. 199
Demographic Trends and Patterns in the Soviet Union before 1991. New York.; Andreev, Eugenii, Leonid Darskij, and Tatiana Kharkova. 199
Demographic Trends and Patterns in the Soviet Union before 1991. New York.; Andreev, Eugenii, Leonid Darskij, and Tatiana Kharkova. 199
Demographic Trends and Patterns in the Soviet Union before 1991. New York.; Andreev, Eugenii, Leonid Darskij, and Tatiana Kharkova. 199
Demographic Trends and Patterns in the Soviet Union before 1991. New York.; Andreev, Eugenii, Leonid Darskij, and Tatiana Kharkova. 199
Demographic Trends and Patterns in the Soviet Union before 1991. New York.; Andreev, Eugenii, Leonid Darskij, and Tatiana Kharkova. 199
Demographic Trends and Patterns in the Soviet Union before 1991. New York.; Andreev, Eugenii, Leonid Darskij, and Tatiana Kharkova. 199
Demographic Trends and Patterns in the Soviet Union before 1991. New York.; Andreev, Eugenii, Leonid Darskij, and Tatiana Kharkova. 199
Demographic Trends and Patterns in the Soviet Union before 1991. New York.; Andreev, Eugenii, Leonid Darskij, and Tatiana Kharkova. 199
Demographic Trends and Patterns in the Soviet Union before 1991. New York.; Andreev, Eugenii, Leonid Darskij, and Tatiana Kharkova. 199
Demographic Trends and Patterns in the Soviet Union before 1991. New York.; Andreev, Eugenii, Leonid Darskij, and Tatiana Kharkova. 199
Demographic Trends and Patterns in the Soviet Union before 1991. New York.; Andreev, Eugenii, Leonid Darskij, and Tatiana Kharkova. 199
Demographic Trends and Patterns in the Soviet Union before 1991. New York.; Andreev, Eugenii, Leonid Darskij, and Tatiana Kharkova. 199
Demographic Trends and Patterns in the Soviet Union before 1991. New York.; Andreev, Eugenii, Leonid Darskij, and Tatiana Kharkova. 199
Demographic Trends and Patterns in the Soviet Union before 1991. New York.; Andreev, Eugenii, Leonid Darskij, and Tatiana Kharkova. 199
Demographic Trends and Patterns in the Soviet Union before 1991. New York.; Andreev, Eugenii, Leonid Darskij, and Tatiana Kharkova. 199
Demographic Trends and Patterns in the Soviet Union before 1991. New York.; Andreev, Eugenii, Leonid Darskij, and Tatiana Kharkova. 199
Demographic Trends and Patterns in the Soviet Union before 1991. New York.; Andreev, Eugenii, Leonid Darskij, and Tatiana Kharkova. 199
Demographic Trends and Patterns in the Soviet Union before 1991. New York.; Andreev, Eugenii, Leonid Darskij, and Tatiana Kharkova. 199
Demographic Trends and Patterns in the Soviet Union before 1991. New York.; Andreev, Eugenii, Leonid Darskij, and Tatiana Kharkova. 199
Demographic Trends and Patterns in the Soviet Union before 1991. New York.; Andreev, Eugenii, Leonid Darskij, and Tatiana Kharkova. 199
Demographic Trends and Patterns in the Soviet Union before 1991. New York.; Andreev, Eugenii, Leonid Darskij, and Tatiana Kharkova. 199
Demographic Trends and Patterns in the Soviet Union before 1991. New York.; Andreev, Eugenii, Leonid Darskij, and Tatiana Kharkova. 199
hat life expectancy began to rise in the 1890s, and that picture is consistent with life expectancy levels reported for the 1920s and thereaft
hat life expectancy began to rise in the 1890s, and that picture is consistent with life expectancy levels reported for the 1920s and thereaft
hat life expectancy began to rise in the 1890s, and that picture is consistent with life expectancy levels reported for the 1920s and thereaft
st as early as the 1940s
uctions (Dopico and Rowland, 1990; Dopico, 1987 and 1995) of life expectancy show that overall survival began to rise in Spain in the 1890
achandran (1959) to 1923, and Gunatilleke (1985) to the 1930s. United Nations (1976) and Langford and Storey (1993) locate the beginnin
tes. Taiwan was a Japanese colony when its mortality decline began, and Japanese public health programs appear to have stimulated the
971) agree that mortality decline began in the late 1940s when DDT was used to combat malaria. However, the life expectancy estimated f
did not begin until later. Harewood (1975) and Abdulah (1985) trace the beginning decline in mortality to the 1920s when life expectancy w
did not begin until later. Harewood (1975) and Abdulah (1985) trace the beginning decline in mortality to the 1920s when life expectancy w
did not begin until later. Harewood (1975) and Abdulah (1985) trace the beginning decline in mortality to the 1920s when life expectancy w
did not begin until later. Harewood (1975) and Abdulah (1985) trace the beginning decline in mortality to the 1920s when life expectancy w
did not begin until later. Harewood (1975) and Abdulah (1985) trace the beginning decline in mortality to the 1920s when life expectancy w
did not begin until later. Harewood (1975) and Abdulah (1985) trace the beginning decline in mortality to the 1920s when life expectancy w
did not begin until later. Harewood (1975) and Abdulah (1985) trace the beginning decline in mortality to the 1920s when life expectancy w
did not begin until later. Harewood (1975) and Abdulah (1985) trace the beginning decline in mortality to the 1920s when life expectancy w
did not begin until later. Harewood (1975) and Abdulah (1985) trace the beginning decline in mortality to the 1920s when life expectancy w
did not begin until later. Harewood (1975) and Abdulah (1985) trace the beginning decline in mortality to the 1920s when life expectancy w
did not begin until later. Harewood (1975) and Abdulah (1985) trace the beginning decline in mortality to the 1920s when life expectancy w
did not begin until later. Harewood (1975) and Abdulah (1985) trace the beginning decline in mortality to the 1920s when life expectancy w
did not begin until later. Harewood (1975) and Abdulah (1985) trace the beginning decline in mortality to the 1920s when life expectancy w
did not begin until later. Harewood (1975) and Abdulah (1985) trace the beginning decline in mortality to the 1920s when life expectancy w
did not begin until later. Harewood (1975) and Abdulah (1985) trace the beginning decline in mortality to the 1920s when life expectancy w
did not begin until later. Harewood (1975) and Abdulah (1985) trace the beginning decline in mortality to the 1920s when life expectancy w
did not begin until later. Harewood (1975) and Abdulah (1985) trace the beginning decline in mortality to the 1920s when life expectancy w
did not begin until later. Harewood (1975) and Abdulah (1985) trace the beginning decline in mortality to the 1920s when life expectancy w
did not begin until later. Harewood (1975) and Abdulah (1985) trace the beginning decline in mortality to the 1920s when life expectancy w
did not begin until later. Harewood (1975) and Abdulah (1985) trace the beginning decline in mortality to the 1920s when life expectancy w
did not begin until later. Harewood (1975) and Abdulah (1985) trace the beginning decline in mortality to the 1920s when life expectancy w
did not begin until later. Harewood (1975) and Abdulah (1985) trace the beginning decline in mortality to the 1920s when life expectancy w
did not begin until later. Harewood (1975) and Abdulah (1985) trace the beginning decline in mortality to the 1920s when life expectancy w
did not begin until later. Harewood (1975) and Abdulah (1985) trace the beginning decline in mortality to the 1920s when life expectancy w
did not begin until later. Harewood (1975) and Abdulah (1985) trace the beginning decline in mortality to the 1920s when life expectancy w
did not begin until later. Harewood (1975) and Abdulah (1985) trace the beginning decline in mortality to the 1920s when life expectancy w
did not begin until later. Harewood (1975) and Abdulah (1985) trace the beginning decline in mortality to the 1920s when life expectancy w
did not begin until later. Harewood (1975) and Abdulah (1985) trace the beginning decline in mortality to the 1920s when life expectancy w
did not begin until later. Harewood (1975) and Abdulah (1985) trace the beginning decline in mortality to the 1920s when life expectancy w
did not begin until later. Harewood (1975) and Abdulah (1985) trace the beginning decline in mortality to the 1920s when life expectancy w
did not begin until later. Harewood (1975) and Abdulah (1985) trace the beginning decline in mortality to the 1920s when life expectancy w
did not begin until later. Harewood (1975) and Abdulah (1985) trace the beginning decline in mortality to the 1920s when life expectancy w
did not begin until later. Harewood (1975) and Abdulah (1985) trace the beginning decline in mortality to the 1920s when life expectancy w
years. B’Chir (1981) and B’Chir and Tabutin (1980) detect decline before World War II, as does Seklanie (1967-68), but all are indefinite ab
years. B’Chir (1981) and B’Chir and Tabutin (1980) detect decline before World War II, as does Seklanie (1967-68), but all are indefinite ab
expectancy began to improve in the period from the 1890s to the 1920s."
e data are sparse and difficult to interpret. Haines (1999) finds no consistent decline in US mortality until after 1870 or around 1880 (Haine
e data are sparse and difficult to interpret. Haines (1999) finds no consistent decline in US mortality until after 1870 or around 1880 (Haine
e data are sparse and difficult to interpret. Haines (1999) finds no consistent decline in US mortality until after 1870 or around 1880 (Haine
e data are sparse and difficult to interpret. Haines (1999) finds no consistent decline in US mortality until after 1870 or around 1880 (Haine
e data are sparse and difficult to interpret. Haines (1999) finds no consistent decline in US mortality until after 1870 or around 1880 (Haine
e data are sparse and difficult to interpret. Haines (1999) finds no consistent decline in US mortality until after 1870 or around 1880 (Haine
e data are sparse and difficult to interpret. Haines (1999) finds no consistent decline in US mortality until after 1870 or around 1880 (Haine
e data are sparse and difficult to interpret. Haines (1999) finds no consistent decline in US mortality until after 1870 or around 1880 (Haine
e data are sparse and difficult to interpret. Haines (1999) finds no consistent decline in US mortality until after 1870 or around 1880 (Haine
e data are sparse and difficult to interpret. Haines (1999) finds no consistent decline in US mortality until after 1870 or around 1880 (Haine
e data are sparse and difficult to interpret. Haines (1999) finds no consistent decline in US mortality until after 1870 or around 1880 (Haine
e data are sparse and difficult to interpret. Haines (1999) finds no consistent decline in US mortality until after 1870 or around 1880 (Haine
e data are sparse and difficult to interpret. Haines (1999) finds no consistent decline in US mortality until after 1870 or around 1880 (Haine
e data are sparse and difficult to interpret. Haines (1999) finds no consistent decline in US mortality until after 1870 or around 1880 (Haine
e data are sparse and difficult to interpret. Haines (1999) finds no consistent decline in US mortality until after 1870 or around 1880 (Haine
abreviadas de mortalidad por sexo y edad: Total del país, 1908 a 1999. Montevideo.
abreviadas de mortalidad por sexo y edad: Total del país, 1908 a 1999. Montevideo.
abreviadas de mortalidad por sexo y edad: Total del país, 1908 a 1999. Montevideo.
abreviadas de mortalidad por sexo y edad: Total del país, 1908 a 1999. Montevideo.
abreviadas de mortalidad por sexo y edad: Total del país, 1908 a 1999. Montevideo.
abreviadas de mortalidad por sexo y edad: Total del país, 1908 a 1999. Montevideo.
abreviadas de mortalidad por sexo y edad: Total del país, 1908 a 1999. Montevideo.
abreviadas de mortalidad por sexo y edad: Total del país, 1908 a 1999. Montevideo.
abreviadas de mortalidad por sexo y edad: Total del país, 1908 a 1999. Montevideo.
abreviadas de mortalidad por sexo y edad: Total del país, 1908 a 1999. Montevideo.
abreviadas de mortalidad por sexo y edad: Total del país, 1908 a 1999. Montevideo.
abreviadas de mortalidad por sexo y edad: Total del país, 1908 a 1999. Montevideo.
abreviadas de mortalidad por sexo y edad: Total del país, 1908 a 1999. Montevideo.
abreviadas de mortalidad por sexo y edad: Total del país, 1908 a 1999. Montevideo.
abreviadas de mortalidad por sexo y edad: Total del país, 1908 a 1999. Montevideo.
abreviadas de mortalidad por sexo y edad: Total del país, 1908 a 1999. Montevideo.
abreviadas de mortalidad por sexo y edad: Total del país, 1908 a 1999. Montevideo.
abreviadas de mortalidad por sexo y edad: Total del país, 1908 a 1999. Montevideo.
abreviadas de mortalidad por sexo y edad: Total del país, 1908 a 1999. Montevideo.
abreviadas de mortalidad por sexo y edad: Total del país, 1908 a 1999. Montevideo.
abreviadas de mortalidad por sexo y edad: Total del país, 1908 a 1999. Montevideo.
abreviadas de mortalidad por sexo y edad: Total del país, 1908 a 1999. Montevideo.
(1985) finds the major transformation in health in Vietnam in the period from the 1950s to the 1980s, wars with France and the United St
war, during certain parts of the wars with France and the United States, and during the late 1950s famine.
development of life expectancy over time estimated by Somoza and Pérez Brignoli."
ansen, 2002; Andreev, 2002), Denmark’s health transition began in the 1770s when, judging from the CDR, life expectancy was about 33 y
overall population beginning in the 1930s or 1940s.
nal levels owing to urbanization, but it seems likely that death rates continued to decline, at least in rural areas (Meslé and Vallin, 1989; Tr
nal levels owing to urbanization, but it seems likely that death rates continued to decline, at least in rural areas (Meslé and Vallin, 1989; Tr
nal levels owing to urbanization, but it seems likely that death rates continued to decline, at least in rural areas (Meslé and Vallin, 1989; Tr
nal levels owing to urbanization, but it seems likely that death rates continued to decline, at least in rural areas (Meslé and Vallin, 1989; Tr
nal levels owing to urbanization, but it seems likely that death rates continued to decline, at least in rural areas (Meslé and Vallin, 1989; Tr
nal levels owing to urbanization, but it seems likely that death rates continued to decline, at least in rural areas (Meslé and Vallin, 1989; Tr
nal levels owing to urbanization, but it seems likely that death rates continued to decline, at least in rural areas (Meslé and Vallin, 1989; Tr
nal levels owing to urbanization, but it seems likely that death rates continued to decline, at least in rural areas (Meslé and Vallin, 1989; Tr
nal levels owing to urbanization, but it seems likely that death rates continued to decline, at least in rural areas (Meslé and Vallin, 1989; Tr
nal levels owing to urbanization, but it seems likely that death rates continued to decline, at least in rural areas (Meslé and Vallin, 1989; Tr
nal levels owing to urbanization, but it seems likely that death rates continued to decline, at least in rural areas (Meslé and Vallin, 1989; Tr
nal levels owing to urbanization, but it seems likely that death rates continued to decline, at least in rural areas (Meslé and Vallin, 1989; Tr
nal levels owing to urbanization, but it seems likely that death rates continued to decline, at least in rural areas (Meslé and Vallin, 1989; Tr
nal levels owing to urbanization, but it seems likely that death rates continued to decline, at least in rural areas (Meslé and Vallin, 1989; Tr
nal levels owing to urbanization, but it seems likely that death rates continued to decline, at least in rural areas (Meslé and Vallin, 1989; Tr
nal levels owing to urbanization, but it seems likely that death rates continued to decline, at least in rural areas (Meslé and Vallin, 1989; Tr
nal levels owing to urbanization, but it seems likely that death rates continued to decline, at least in rural areas (Meslé and Vallin, 1989; Tr
nal levels owing to urbanization, but it seems likely that death rates continued to decline, at least in rural areas (Meslé and Vallin, 1989; Tr
nal levels owing to urbanization, but it seems likely that death rates continued to decline, at least in rural areas (Meslé and Vallin, 1989; Tr
nal levels owing to urbanization, but it seems likely that death rates continued to decline, at least in rural areas (Meslé and Vallin, 1989; Tr
nal levels owing to urbanization, but it seems likely that death rates continued to decline, at least in rural areas (Meslé and Vallin, 1989; Tr
nal levels owing to urbanization, but it seems likely that death rates continued to decline, at least in rural areas (Meslé and Vallin, 1989; Tr
nal levels owing to urbanization, but it seems likely that death rates continued to decline, at least in rural areas (Meslé and Vallin, 1989; Tr
nal levels owing to urbanization, but it seems likely that death rates continued to decline, at least in rural areas (Meslé and Vallin, 1989; Tr
nal levels owing to urbanization, but it seems likely that death rates continued to decline, at least in rural areas (Meslé and Vallin, 1989; Tr
en 1925 and 1960.
ut finds that mortality declined from 1921. Irfan (1986) and Rukanuddin and Farooqui (1988) agree. Ahmed’s estimates of life expectancy
ut finds that mortality declined from 1921. Irfan (1986) and Rukanuddin and Farooqui (1988) agree. Ahmed’s estimates of life expectancy
ut finds that mortality declined from 1921. Irfan (1986) and Rukanuddin and Farooqui (1988) agree. Ahmed’s estimates of life expectancy
ut finds that mortality declined from 1921. Irfan (1986) and Rukanuddin and Farooqui (1988) agree. Ahmed’s estimates of life expectancy
ut finds that mortality declined from 1921. Irfan (1986) and Rukanuddin and Farooqui (1988) agree. Ahmed’s estimates of life expectancy
ut finds that mortality declined from 1921. Irfan (1986) and Rukanuddin and Farooqui (1988) agree. Ahmed’s estimates of life expectancy
ut finds that mortality declined from 1921. Irfan (1986) and Rukanuddin and Farooqui (1988) agree. Ahmed’s estimates of life expectancy
ut finds that mortality declined from 1921. Irfan (1986) and Rukanuddin and Farooqui (1988) agree. Ahmed’s estimates of life expectancy
ut finds that mortality declined from 1921. Irfan (1986) and Rukanuddin and Farooqui (1988) agree. Ahmed’s estimates of life expectancy
ut finds that mortality declined from 1921. Irfan (1986) and Rukanuddin and Farooqui (1988) agree. Ahmed’s estimates of life expectancy
ut finds that mortality declined from 1921. Irfan (1986) and Rukanuddin and Farooqui (1988) agree. Ahmed’s estimates of life expectancy
ut finds that mortality declined from 1921. Irfan (1986) and Rukanuddin and Farooqui (1988) agree. Ahmed’s estimates of life expectancy
ut finds that mortality declined from 1921. Irfan (1986) and Rukanuddin and Farooqui (1988) agree. Ahmed’s estimates of life expectancy
ut finds that mortality declined from 1921. Irfan (1986) and Rukanuddin and Farooqui (1988) agree. Ahmed’s estimates of life expectancy
ut finds that mortality declined from 1921. Irfan (1986) and Rukanuddin and Farooqui (1988) agree. Ahmed’s estimates of life expectancy
ut finds that mortality declined from 1921. Irfan (1986) and Rukanuddin and Farooqui (1988) agree. Ahmed’s estimates of life expectancy
ut finds that mortality declined from 1921. Irfan (1986) and Rukanuddin and Farooqui (1988) agree. Ahmed’s estimates of life expectancy
ut finds that mortality declined from 1921. Irfan (1986) and Rukanuddin and Farooqui (1988) agree. Ahmed’s estimates of life expectancy
ut finds that mortality declined from 1921. Irfan (1986) and Rukanuddin and Farooqui (1988) agree. Ahmed’s estimates of life expectancy
ut finds that mortality declined from 1921. Irfan (1986) and Rukanuddin and Farooqui (1988) agree. Ahmed’s estimates of life expectancy
ut finds that mortality declined from 1921. Irfan (1986) and Rukanuddin and Farooqui (1988) agree. Ahmed’s estimates of life expectancy
ut finds that mortality declined from 1921. Irfan (1986) and Rukanuddin and Farooqui (1988) agree. Ahmed’s estimates of life expectancy
ut finds that mortality declined from 1921. Irfan (1986) and Rukanuddin and Farooqui (1988) agree. Ahmed’s estimates of life expectancy
ut finds that mortality declined from 1921. Irfan (1986) and Rukanuddin and Farooqui (1988) agree. Ahmed’s estimates of life expectancy
ut finds that mortality declined from 1921. Irfan (1986) and Rukanuddin and Farooqui (1988) agree. Ahmed’s estimates of life expectancy
ut finds that mortality declined from 1921. Irfan (1986) and Rukanuddin and Farooqui (1988) agree. Ahmed’s estimates of life expectancy
ut finds that mortality declined from 1921. Irfan (1986) and Rukanuddin and Farooqui (1988) agree. Ahmed’s estimates of life expectancy
930, show life expectancy at 35.9 years and rising, and infant mortality in decline from the 1920s. Even though only about 20 percent of th
e chosen to set the life expectancy for the whole period of 1942-45 at a steady 42 years (an interpolation between 40 in 1938 and 47.8 in
e chosen to set the life expectancy for the whole period of 1942-45 at a steady 42 years (an interpolation between 40 in 1938 and 47.8 in
88; Rivera de Morales, 1970; Morales del Valle and Carnivali, 1984).
88; Rivera de Morales, 1970; Morales del Valle and Carnivali, 1984).
88; Rivera de Morales, 1970; Morales del Valle and Carnivali, 1984).
88; Rivera de Morales, 1970; Morales del Valle and Carnivali, 1984).
and Ilie Hristache. 1986. Demografia teritoriala a României. Bucharest.
, and Tatiana Kharkova. 1992. “L’histoire de la population de l’URSS 1920-1959,” Annales de démographie historique, 61-150.
, and Tatiana Kharkova. 1992. “L’histoire de la population de l’URSS 1920-1959,” Annales de démographie historique, 61-150.
, and Tatiana Kharkova. 1992. “L’histoire de la population de l’URSS 1920-1959,” Annales de démographie historique, 61-150.
, and Tatiana Kharkova. 1992. “L’histoire de la population de l’URSS 1920-1959,” Annales de démographie historique, 61-150.
, and Tatiana Kharkova. 1992. “L’histoire de la population de l’URSS 1920-1959,” Annales de démographie historique, 61-150.
, and Tatiana Kharkova. 1992. “L’histoire de la population de l’URSS 1920-1959,” Annales de démographie historique, 61-150.
, and Tatiana Kharkova. 1992. “L’histoire de la population de l’URSS 1920-1959,” Annales de démographie historique, 61-150.
, and Tatiana Kharkova. 1992. “L’histoire de la population de l’URSS 1920-1959,” Annales de démographie historique, 61-150.
, and Tatiana Kharkova. 1992. “L’histoire de la population de l’URSS 1920-1959,” Annales de démographie historique, 61-150.
, and Tatiana Kharkova. 1992. “L’histoire de la population de l’URSS 1920-1959,” Annales de démographie historique, 61-150.
, and Tatiana Kharkova. 1992. “L’histoire de la population de l’URSS 1920-1959,” Annales de démographie historique, 61-150.
, and Tatiana Kharkova. 1992. “L’histoire de la population de l’URSS 1920-1959,” Annales de démographie historique, 61-150.
, and Tatiana Kharkova. 1992. “L’histoire de la population de l’URSS 1920-1959,” Annales de démographie historique, 61-150.
, and Tatiana Kharkova. 1992. “L’histoire de la population de l’URSS 1920-1959,” Annales de démographie historique, 61-150.
, and Tatiana Kharkova. 1992. “L’histoire de la population de l’URSS 1920-1959,” Annales de démographie historique, 61-150.
, and Tatiana Kharkova. 1992. “L’histoire de la population de l’URSS 1920-1959,” Annales de démographie historique, 61-150.
, and Tatiana Kharkova. 1992. “L’histoire de la population de l’URSS 1920-1959,” Annales de démographie historique, 61-150.
, and Tatiana Kharkova. 1992. “L’histoire de la population de l’URSS 1920-1959,” Annales de démographie historique, 61-150.
, and Tatiana Kharkova. 1992. “L’histoire de la population de l’URSS 1920-1959,” Annales de démographie historique, 61-150.
, and Tatiana Kharkova. 1992. “L’histoire de la population de l’URSS 1920-1959,” Annales de démographie historique, 61-150.
, and Tatiana Kharkova. 1992. “L’histoire de la population de l’URSS 1920-1959,” Annales de démographie historique, 61-150.
, and Tatiana Kharkova. 1992. “L’histoire de la population de l’URSS 1920-1959,” Annales de démographie historique, 61-150.
, and Tatiana Kharkova. 1992. “L’histoire de la population de l’URSS 1920-1959,” Annales de démographie historique, 61-150.
, and Tatiana Kharkova. 1992. “L’histoire de la population de l’URSS 1920-1959,” Annales de démographie historique, 61-150.
, and Tatiana Kharkova. 1992. “L’histoire de la population de l’URSS 1920-1959,” Annales de démographie historique, 61-150.
, and Tatiana Kharkova. 1992. “L’histoire de la population de l’URSS 1920-1959,” Annales de démographie historique, 61-150.
d for the 1920s and thereafter.
920s when life expectancy was some 39.4 years, although Harewood also finds some modest decline in crude death rates between 1900 a
920s when life expectancy was some 39.4 years, although Harewood also finds some modest decline in crude death rates between 1900 a
920s when life expectancy was some 39.4 years, although Harewood also finds some modest decline in crude death rates between 1900 a
920s when life expectancy was some 39.4 years, although Harewood also finds some modest decline in crude death rates between 1900 a
920s when life expectancy was some 39.4 years, although Harewood also finds some modest decline in crude death rates between 1900 a
68), but all are indefinite about a beginning period. Correcting for underregistration of deaths, Waltisperger et al. (2001) adjust Seklanie’s
68), but all are indefinite about a beginning period. Correcting for underregistration of deaths, Waltisperger et al. (2001) adjust Seklanie’s
1870 or around 1880 (Haines, 1994). His estimates show gains onward from 1850, when life expectancy was 38.3 years, with a dip from 18
1870 or around 1880 (Haines, 1994). His estimates show gains onward from 1850, when life expectancy was 38.3 years, with a dip from 18
1870 or around 1880 (Haines, 1994). His estimates show gains onward from 1850, when life expectancy was 38.3 years, with a dip from 18
1870 or around 1880 (Haines, 1994). His estimates show gains onward from 1850, when life expectancy was 38.3 years, with a dip from 18
1870 or around 1880 (Haines, 1994). His estimates show gains onward from 1850, when life expectancy was 38.3 years, with a dip from 18
1870 or around 1880 (Haines, 1994). His estimates show gains onward from 1850, when life expectancy was 38.3 years, with a dip from 18
1870 or around 1880 (Haines, 1994). His estimates show gains onward from 1850, when life expectancy was 38.3 years, with a dip from 18
1870 or around 1880 (Haines, 1994). His estimates show gains onward from 1850, when life expectancy was 38.3 years, with a dip from 18
1870 or around 1880 (Haines, 1994). His estimates show gains onward from 1850, when life expectancy was 38.3 years, with a dip from 18
1870 or around 1880 (Haines, 1994). His estimates show gains onward from 1850, when life expectancy was 38.3 years, with a dip from 18
1870 or around 1880 (Haines, 1994). His estimates show gains onward from 1850, when life expectancy was 38.3 years, with a dip from 18
1870 or around 1880 (Haines, 1994). His estimates show gains onward from 1850, when life expectancy was 38.3 years, with a dip from 18
1870 or around 1880 (Haines, 1994). His estimates show gains onward from 1850, when life expectancy was 38.3 years, with a dip from 18
1870 or around 1880 (Haines, 1994). His estimates show gains onward from 1850, when life expectancy was 38.3 years, with a dip from 18
1870 or around 1880 (Haines, 1994). His estimates show gains onward from 1850, when life expectancy was 38.3 years, with a dip from 18
th France and the United States notwithstanding. Barbieri et al. (1995) observe rapid but irregular declines in mortality between the colon
expectancy was about 33 years. Gains were more rapid from the 1770s to the 1820s, then slower from the 1820s to the 1890s, then more
(Meslé and Vallin, 1989; Trausch, 1997; 8).
(Meslé and Vallin, 1989; Trausch, 1997; 8).
(Meslé and Vallin, 1989; Trausch, 1997; 8).
(Meslé and Vallin, 1989; Trausch, 1997; 8).
(Meslé and Vallin, 1989; Trausch, 1997; 8).
(Meslé and Vallin, 1989; Trausch, 1997; 8).
(Meslé and Vallin, 1989; Trausch, 1997; 8).
(Meslé and Vallin, 1989; Trausch, 1997; 8).
(Meslé and Vallin, 1989; Trausch, 1997; 8).
(Meslé and Vallin, 1989; Trausch, 1997; 8).
(Meslé and Vallin, 1989; Trausch, 1997; 8).
(Meslé and Vallin, 1989; Trausch, 1997; 8).
(Meslé and Vallin, 1989; Trausch, 1997; 8).
(Meslé and Vallin, 1989; Trausch, 1997; 8).
(Meslé and Vallin, 1989; Trausch, 1997; 8).
(Meslé and Vallin, 1989; Trausch, 1997; 8).
(Meslé and Vallin, 1989; Trausch, 1997; 8).
(Meslé and Vallin, 1989; Trausch, 1997; 8).
(Meslé and Vallin, 1989; Trausch, 1997; 8).
(Meslé and Vallin, 1989; Trausch, 1997; 8).
(Meslé and Vallin, 1989; Trausch, 1997; 8).
(Meslé and Vallin, 1989; Trausch, 1997; 8).
(Meslé and Vallin, 1989; Trausch, 1997; 8).
(Meslé and Vallin, 1989; Trausch, 1997; 8).
(Meslé and Vallin, 1989; Trausch, 1997; 8).
estimates of life expectancy in Punjab for the period 1871-1931 usually surpass those for British India while his estimates for Bengal usually
estimates of life expectancy in Punjab for the period 1871-1931 usually surpass those for British India while his estimates for Bengal usually
estimates of life expectancy in Punjab for the period 1871-1931 usually surpass those for British India while his estimates for Bengal usually
estimates of life expectancy in Punjab for the period 1871-1931 usually surpass those for British India while his estimates for Bengal usually
estimates of life expectancy in Punjab for the period 1871-1931 usually surpass those for British India while his estimates for Bengal usually
estimates of life expectancy in Punjab for the period 1871-1931 usually surpass those for British India while his estimates for Bengal usually
estimates of life expectancy in Punjab for the period 1871-1931 usually surpass those for British India while his estimates for Bengal usually
estimates of life expectancy in Punjab for the period 1871-1931 usually surpass those for British India while his estimates for Bengal usually
estimates of life expectancy in Punjab for the period 1871-1931 usually surpass those for British India while his estimates for Bengal usually
estimates of life expectancy in Punjab for the period 1871-1931 usually surpass those for British India while his estimates for Bengal usually
estimates of life expectancy in Punjab for the period 1871-1931 usually surpass those for British India while his estimates for Bengal usually
estimates of life expectancy in Punjab for the period 1871-1931 usually surpass those for British India while his estimates for Bengal usually
estimates of life expectancy in Punjab for the period 1871-1931 usually surpass those for British India while his estimates for Bengal usually
estimates of life expectancy in Punjab for the period 1871-1931 usually surpass those for British India while his estimates for Bengal usually
estimates of life expectancy in Punjab for the period 1871-1931 usually surpass those for British India while his estimates for Bengal usually
estimates of life expectancy in Punjab for the period 1871-1931 usually surpass those for British India while his estimates for Bengal usually
estimates of life expectancy in Punjab for the period 1871-1931 usually surpass those for British India while his estimates for Bengal usually
estimates of life expectancy in Punjab for the period 1871-1931 usually surpass those for British India while his estimates for Bengal usually
estimates of life expectancy in Punjab for the period 1871-1931 usually surpass those for British India while his estimates for Bengal usually
estimates of life expectancy in Punjab for the period 1871-1931 usually surpass those for British India while his estimates for Bengal usually
estimates of life expectancy in Punjab for the period 1871-1931 usually surpass those for British India while his estimates for Bengal usually
estimates of life expectancy in Punjab for the period 1871-1931 usually surpass those for British India while his estimates for Bengal usually
estimates of life expectancy in Punjab for the period 1871-1931 usually surpass those for British India while his estimates for Bengal usually
estimates of life expectancy in Punjab for the period 1871-1931 usually surpass those for British India while his estimates for Bengal usually
estimates of life expectancy in Punjab for the period 1871-1931 usually surpass those for British India while his estimates for Bengal usually
estimates of life expectancy in Punjab for the period 1871-1931 usually surpass those for British India while his estimates for Bengal usually
estimates of life expectancy in Punjab for the period 1871-1931 usually surpass those for British India while his estimates for Bengal usually
h only about 20 percent of the population lived in the two leading cities, it is plausible to infer that a sustained rise in life expectancy began
ween 40 in 1938 and 47.8 in 1950-55.
ween 40 in 1938 and 47.8 in 1950-55.
pid progress came in the late 1940s and 1950s.
ngly high for a country at the beginning of a health transition. Gains in overall and infant survival more probably began in the 1930s but we
death rates between 1900 and 1920."
death rates between 1900 and 1920."
death rates between 1900 and 1920."
death rates between 1900 and 1920."
death rates between 1900 and 1920."
death rates between 1900 and 1920."
death rates between 1900 and 1920."
death rates between 1900 and 1920."
death rates between 1900 and 1920."
death rates between 1900 and 1920."
death rates between 1900 and 1920."
death rates between 1900 and 1920."
death rates between 1900 and 1920."
death rates between 1900 and 1920."
death rates between 1900 and 1920."
death rates between 1900 and 1920."
death rates between 1900 and 1920."
death rates between 1900 and 1920."
death rates between 1900 and 1920."
death rates between 1900 and 1920."
death rates between 1900 and 1920."
death rates between 1900 and 1920."
death rates between 1900 and 1920."
death rates between 1900 and 1920."
death rates between 1900 and 1920."
death rates between 1900 and 1920."
death rates between 1900 and 1920."
death rates between 1900 and 1920."
al. (2001) adjust Seklanie’s estimates of life expectancy and infant mortality downward, but not so far down as to exclude the possibility o
8.3 years, with a dip from 1870 to 1880 (Haines, 1998). Like England and Wales, the US was undergoing urbanization in this period and dea
8.3 years, with a dip from 1870 to 1880 (Haines, 1998). Like England and Wales, the US was undergoing urbanization in this period and dea
8.3 years, with a dip from 1870 to 1880 (Haines, 1998). Like England and Wales, the US was undergoing urbanization in this period and dea
8.3 years, with a dip from 1870 to 1880 (Haines, 1998). Like England and Wales, the US was undergoing urbanization in this period and dea
8.3 years, with a dip from 1870 to 1880 (Haines, 1998). Like England and Wales, the US was undergoing urbanization in this period and dea
8.3 years, with a dip from 1870 to 1880 (Haines, 1998). Like England and Wales, the US was undergoing urbanization in this period and dea
8.3 years, with a dip from 1870 to 1880 (Haines, 1998). Like England and Wales, the US was undergoing urbanization in this period and dea
8.3 years, with a dip from 1870 to 1880 (Haines, 1998). Like England and Wales, the US was undergoing urbanization in this period and dea
8.3 years, with a dip from 1870 to 1880 (Haines, 1998). Like England and Wales, the US was undergoing urbanization in this period and dea
8.3 years, with a dip from 1870 to 1880 (Haines, 1998). Like England and Wales, the US was undergoing urbanization in this period and dea
8.3 years, with a dip from 1870 to 1880 (Haines, 1998). Like England and Wales, the US was undergoing urbanization in this period and dea
8.3 years, with a dip from 1870 to 1880 (Haines, 1998). Like England and Wales, the US was undergoing urbanization in this period and dea
8.3 years, with a dip from 1870 to 1880 (Haines, 1998). Like England and Wales, the US was undergoing urbanization in this period and dea
8.3 years, with a dip from 1870 to 1880 (Haines, 1998). Like England and Wales, the US was undergoing urbanization in this period and dea
8.3 years, with a dip from 1870 to 1880 (Haines, 1998). Like England and Wales, the US was undergoing urbanization in this period and dea
mortality between the colonial period and the late 1970s. Bryant (1998) reports few positive steps in public health during the French colon
20s to the 1890s, then more rapid again."
estimates for Bengal usually fall short, but estimates for just the territory of Pakistan as of 2000 have not yet been produced. (In 1947 Pun
estimates for Bengal usually fall short, but estimates for just the territory of Pakistan as of 2000 have not yet been produced. (In 1947 Pun
estimates for Bengal usually fall short, but estimates for just the territory of Pakistan as of 2000 have not yet been produced. (In 1947 Pun
estimates for Bengal usually fall short, but estimates for just the territory of Pakistan as of 2000 have not yet been produced. (In 1947 Pun
estimates for Bengal usually fall short, but estimates for just the territory of Pakistan as of 2000 have not yet been produced. (In 1947 Pun
estimates for Bengal usually fall short, but estimates for just the territory of Pakistan as of 2000 have not yet been produced. (In 1947 Pun
estimates for Bengal usually fall short, but estimates for just the territory of Pakistan as of 2000 have not yet been produced. (In 1947 Pun
estimates for Bengal usually fall short, but estimates for just the territory of Pakistan as of 2000 have not yet been produced. (In 1947 Pun
estimates for Bengal usually fall short, but estimates for just the territory of Pakistan as of 2000 have not yet been produced. (In 1947 Pun
estimates for Bengal usually fall short, but estimates for just the territory of Pakistan as of 2000 have not yet been produced. (In 1947 Pun
estimates for Bengal usually fall short, but estimates for just the territory of Pakistan as of 2000 have not yet been produced. (In 1947 Pun
estimates for Bengal usually fall short, but estimates for just the territory of Pakistan as of 2000 have not yet been produced. (In 1947 Pun
estimates for Bengal usually fall short, but estimates for just the territory of Pakistan as of 2000 have not yet been produced. (In 1947 Pun
estimates for Bengal usually fall short, but estimates for just the territory of Pakistan as of 2000 have not yet been produced. (In 1947 Pun
estimates for Bengal usually fall short, but estimates for just the territory of Pakistan as of 2000 have not yet been produced. (In 1947 Pun
estimates for Bengal usually fall short, but estimates for just the territory of Pakistan as of 2000 have not yet been produced. (In 1947 Pun
estimates for Bengal usually fall short, but estimates for just the territory of Pakistan as of 2000 have not yet been produced. (In 1947 Pun
estimates for Bengal usually fall short, but estimates for just the territory of Pakistan as of 2000 have not yet been produced. (In 1947 Pun
estimates for Bengal usually fall short, but estimates for just the territory of Pakistan as of 2000 have not yet been produced. (In 1947 Pun
estimates for Bengal usually fall short, but estimates for just the territory of Pakistan as of 2000 have not yet been produced. (In 1947 Pun
estimates for Bengal usually fall short, but estimates for just the territory of Pakistan as of 2000 have not yet been produced. (In 1947 Pun
estimates for Bengal usually fall short, but estimates for just the territory of Pakistan as of 2000 have not yet been produced. (In 1947 Pun
estimates for Bengal usually fall short, but estimates for just the territory of Pakistan as of 2000 have not yet been produced. (In 1947 Pun
estimates for Bengal usually fall short, but estimates for just the territory of Pakistan as of 2000 have not yet been produced. (In 1947 Pun
estimates for Bengal usually fall short, but estimates for just the territory of Pakistan as of 2000 have not yet been produced. (In 1947 Pun
estimates for Bengal usually fall short, but estimates for just the territory of Pakistan as of 2000 have not yet been produced. (In 1947 Pun
estimates for Bengal usually fall short, but estimates for just the territory of Pakistan as of 2000 have not yet been produced. (In 1947 Pun
rise in life expectancy began in the 1910s.
y began in the 1930s but were temporarily reversed in the early 1940s. That would still be consistent with Bourgeois-Pichat’s estimates of
s to exclude the possibility of gains in survival before World War II. Tunisia's health transition is estimated to have begun in the 1920s."
s to exclude the possibility of gains in survival before World War II. Tunisia's health transition is estimated to have begun in the 1920s."
zation in this period and death rates in cities were higher than in rural areas. Thus it is possible that sustained gains began earlier. Until mo
zation in this period and death rates in cities were higher than in rural areas. Thus it is possible that sustained gains began earlier. Until mo
zation in this period and death rates in cities were higher than in rural areas. Thus it is possible that sustained gains began earlier. Until mo
zation in this period and death rates in cities were higher than in rural areas. Thus it is possible that sustained gains began earlier. Until mo
zation in this period and death rates in cities were higher than in rural areas. Thus it is possible that sustained gains began earlier. Until mo
zation in this period and death rates in cities were higher than in rural areas. Thus it is possible that sustained gains began earlier. Until mo
zation in this period and death rates in cities were higher than in rural areas. Thus it is possible that sustained gains began earlier. Until mo
zation in this period and death rates in cities were higher than in rural areas. Thus it is possible that sustained gains began earlier. Until mo
zation in this period and death rates in cities were higher than in rural areas. Thus it is possible that sustained gains began earlier. Until mo
zation in this period and death rates in cities were higher than in rural areas. Thus it is possible that sustained gains began earlier. Until mo
zation in this period and death rates in cities were higher than in rural areas. Thus it is possible that sustained gains began earlier. Until mo
zation in this period and death rates in cities were higher than in rural areas. Thus it is possible that sustained gains began earlier. Until mo
zation in this period and death rates in cities were higher than in rural areas. Thus it is possible that sustained gains began earlier. Until mo
zation in this period and death rates in cities were higher than in rural areas. Thus it is possible that sustained gains began earlier. Until mo
zation in this period and death rates in cities were higher than in rural areas. Thus it is possible that sustained gains began earlier. Until mo
alth during the French colonial period, but Gendreau’s (1997) estimates of life expectancy for 1900 and 1930 indicate an interim gain of ab
been produced. (In 1947 Punjab was divided with West Punjab going to Pakistan.) In the absence of contrary information, it seems best to
been produced. (In 1947 Punjab was divided with West Punjab going to Pakistan.) In the absence of contrary information, it seems best to
been produced. (In 1947 Punjab was divided with West Punjab going to Pakistan.) In the absence of contrary information, it seems best to
been produced. (In 1947 Punjab was divided with West Punjab going to Pakistan.) In the absence of contrary information, it seems best to
been produced. (In 1947 Punjab was divided with West Punjab going to Pakistan.) In the absence of contrary information, it seems best to
been produced. (In 1947 Punjab was divided with West Punjab going to Pakistan.) In the absence of contrary information, it seems best to
been produced. (In 1947 Punjab was divided with West Punjab going to Pakistan.) In the absence of contrary information, it seems best to
been produced. (In 1947 Punjab was divided with West Punjab going to Pakistan.) In the absence of contrary information, it seems best to
been produced. (In 1947 Punjab was divided with West Punjab going to Pakistan.) In the absence of contrary information, it seems best to
been produced. (In 1947 Punjab was divided with West Punjab going to Pakistan.) In the absence of contrary information, it seems best to
been produced. (In 1947 Punjab was divided with West Punjab going to Pakistan.) In the absence of contrary information, it seems best to
been produced. (In 1947 Punjab was divided with West Punjab going to Pakistan.) In the absence of contrary information, it seems best to
been produced. (In 1947 Punjab was divided with West Punjab going to Pakistan.) In the absence of contrary information, it seems best to
been produced. (In 1947 Punjab was divided with West Punjab going to Pakistan.) In the absence of contrary information, it seems best to
been produced. (In 1947 Punjab was divided with West Punjab going to Pakistan.) In the absence of contrary information, it seems best to
been produced. (In 1947 Punjab was divided with West Punjab going to Pakistan.) In the absence of contrary information, it seems best to
been produced. (In 1947 Punjab was divided with West Punjab going to Pakistan.) In the absence of contrary information, it seems best to
been produced. (In 1947 Punjab was divided with West Punjab going to Pakistan.) In the absence of contrary information, it seems best to
been produced. (In 1947 Punjab was divided with West Punjab going to Pakistan.) In the absence of contrary information, it seems best to
been produced. (In 1947 Punjab was divided with West Punjab going to Pakistan.) In the absence of contrary information, it seems best to
been produced. (In 1947 Punjab was divided with West Punjab going to Pakistan.) In the absence of contrary information, it seems best to
been produced. (In 1947 Punjab was divided with West Punjab going to Pakistan.) In the absence of contrary information, it seems best to
been produced. (In 1947 Punjab was divided with West Punjab going to Pakistan.) In the absence of contrary information, it seems best to
been produced. (In 1947 Punjab was divided with West Punjab going to Pakistan.) In the absence of contrary information, it seems best to
been produced. (In 1947 Punjab was divided with West Punjab going to Pakistan.) In the absence of contrary information, it seems best to
been produced. (In 1947 Punjab was divided with West Punjab going to Pakistan.) In the absence of contrary information, it seems best to
been produced. (In 1947 Punjab was divided with West Punjab going to Pakistan.) In the absence of contrary information, it seems best to
urgeois-Pichat’s estimates of the crude death rate (an average of 29.2 in the 1930s) because, as he argues, fertility was significantly higher
ave begun in the 1920s."
gains began earlier. Until more is known, however, it will be wise to accept Haines’ judgment and locate the beginning of the health transi
gains began earlier. Until more is known, however, it will be wise to accept Haines’ judgment and locate the beginning of the health transi
gains began earlier. Until more is known, however, it will be wise to accept Haines’ judgment and locate the beginning of the health transi
gains began earlier. Until more is known, however, it will be wise to accept Haines’ judgment and locate the beginning of the health transi
gains began earlier. Until more is known, however, it will be wise to accept Haines’ judgment and locate the beginning of the health transi
gains began earlier. Until more is known, however, it will be wise to accept Haines’ judgment and locate the beginning of the health transi
gains began earlier. Until more is known, however, it will be wise to accept Haines’ judgment and locate the beginning of the health transi
gains began earlier. Until more is known, however, it will be wise to accept Haines’ judgment and locate the beginning of the health transi
gains began earlier. Until more is known, however, it will be wise to accept Haines’ judgment and locate the beginning of the health transi
ndicate an interim gain of about 10 years. Vietnam’s health transition began in the 1920s or 1930s but has been interrupted by Japanese o
formation, it seems best to associate Pakistan with British India, and to conclude that life expectancy began to rise and infant mortality to
formation, it seems best to associate Pakistan with British India, and to conclude that life expectancy began to rise and infant mortality to
formation, it seems best to associate Pakistan with British India, and to conclude that life expectancy began to rise and infant mortality to
formation, it seems best to associate Pakistan with British India, and to conclude that life expectancy began to rise and infant mortality to
formation, it seems best to associate Pakistan with British India, and to conclude that life expectancy began to rise and infant mortality to
formation, it seems best to associate Pakistan with British India, and to conclude that life expectancy began to rise and infant mortality to
formation, it seems best to associate Pakistan with British India, and to conclude that life expectancy began to rise and infant mortality to
formation, it seems best to associate Pakistan with British India, and to conclude that life expectancy began to rise and infant mortality to
formation, it seems best to associate Pakistan with British India, and to conclude that life expectancy began to rise and infant mortality to
formation, it seems best to associate Pakistan with British India, and to conclude that life expectancy began to rise and infant mortality to
formation, it seems best to associate Pakistan with British India, and to conclude that life expectancy began to rise and infant mortality to
formation, it seems best to associate Pakistan with British India, and to conclude that life expectancy began to rise and infant mortality to
formation, it seems best to associate Pakistan with British India, and to conclude that life expectancy began to rise and infant mortality to
formation, it seems best to associate Pakistan with British India, and to conclude that life expectancy began to rise and infant mortality to
formation, it seems best to associate Pakistan with British India, and to conclude that life expectancy began to rise and infant mortality to
formation, it seems best to associate Pakistan with British India, and to conclude that life expectancy began to rise and infant mortality to
formation, it seems best to associate Pakistan with British India, and to conclude that life expectancy began to rise and infant mortality to
formation, it seems best to associate Pakistan with British India, and to conclude that life expectancy began to rise and infant mortality to
formation, it seems best to associate Pakistan with British India, and to conclude that life expectancy began to rise and infant mortality to
formation, it seems best to associate Pakistan with British India, and to conclude that life expectancy began to rise and infant mortality to
formation, it seems best to associate Pakistan with British India, and to conclude that life expectancy began to rise and infant mortality to
formation, it seems best to associate Pakistan with British India, and to conclude that life expectancy began to rise and infant mortality to
formation, it seems best to associate Pakistan with British India, and to conclude that life expectancy began to rise and infant mortality to
formation, it seems best to associate Pakistan with British India, and to conclude that life expectancy began to rise and infant mortality to
formation, it seems best to associate Pakistan with British India, and to conclude that life expectancy began to rise and infant mortality to
formation, it seems best to associate Pakistan with British India, and to conclude that life expectancy began to rise and infant mortality to
formation, it seems best to associate Pakistan with British India, and to conclude that life expectancy began to rise and infant mortality to
lity was significantly higher than mortality and the population was growing, so that the average age of the population was declining. And i
eginning of the health transition in the 1880s. Among non whites life expectancy apparently declined in the 1890s and early 1900s (Ewban
eginning of the health transition in the 1880s. Among non whites life expectancy apparently declined in the 1890s and early 1900s (Ewban
eginning of the health transition in the 1880s. Among non whites life expectancy apparently declined in the 1890s and early 1900s (Ewban
eginning of the health transition in the 1880s. Among non whites life expectancy apparently declined in the 1890s and early 1900s (Ewban
eginning of the health transition in the 1880s. Among non whites life expectancy apparently declined in the 1890s and early 1900s (Ewban
eginning of the health transition in the 1880s. Among non whites life expectancy apparently declined in the 1890s and early 1900s (Ewban
eginning of the health transition in the 1880s. Among non whites life expectancy apparently declined in the 1890s and early 1900s (Ewban
eginning of the health transition in the 1880s. Among non whites life expectancy apparently declined in the 1890s and early 1900s (Ewban
eginning of the health transition in the 1880s. Among non whites life expectancy apparently declined in the 1890s and early 1900s (Ewban
eginning of the health transition in the 1880s. Among non whites life expectancy apparently declined in the 1890s and early 1900s (Ewban
eginning of the health transition in the 1880s. Among non whites life expectancy apparently declined in the 1890s and early 1900s (Ewban
eginning of the health transition in the 1880s. Among non whites life expectancy apparently declined in the 1890s and early 1900s (Ewban
eginning of the health transition in the 1880s. Among non whites life expectancy apparently declined in the 1890s and early 1900s (Ewban
eginning of the health transition in the 1880s. Among non whites life expectancy apparently declined in the 1890s and early 1900s (Ewban
eginning of the health transition in the 1880s. Among non whites life expectancy apparently declined in the 1890s and early 1900s (Ewban
n interrupted by Japanese occupation during World War II, a serious famine at the end of that war, during certain parts of the wars with F
o rise and infant mortality to fall in the 1920s.
o rise and infant mortality to fall in the 1920s.
90s and early 1900s (Ewbank, 1987; and United States, www.cdc.gov/nchs).
90s and early 1900s (Ewbank, 1987; and United States, www.cdc.gov/nchs).
90s and early 1900s (Ewbank, 1987; and United States, www.cdc.gov/nchs).
90s and early 1900s (Ewbank, 1987; and United States, www.cdc.gov/nchs).
90s and early 1900s (Ewbank, 1987; and United States, www.cdc.gov/nchs).
90s and early 1900s (Ewbank, 1987; and United States, www.cdc.gov/nchs).
90s and early 1900s (Ewbank, 1987; and United States, www.cdc.gov/nchs).
90s and early 1900s (Ewbank, 1987; and United States, www.cdc.gov/nchs).
90s and early 1900s (Ewbank, 1987; and United States, www.cdc.gov/nchs).
tain parts of the wars with France and the United States, and during the late 1950s famine.
average in the 1930s was 24.4 deaths per 1000."