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MATHUN2030_Group_1_Midterm_Q1

The document discusses several initial value problems and their solutions, confirming the existence and uniqueness of solutions for some while denying it for others. The first problem admits a unique solution on the real line, while the second admits a unique solution near t=0. The third problem has multiple solutions, and the fourth does not have a unique solution due to insufficient conditions to determine constants.

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2 views

MATHUN2030_Group_1_Midterm_Q1

The document discusses several initial value problems and their solutions, confirming the existence and uniqueness of solutions for some while denying it for others. The first problem admits a unique solution on the real line, while the second admits a unique solution near t=0. The third problem has multiple solutions, and the fourth does not have a unique solution due to insufficient conditions to determine constants.

Uploaded by

3085556285
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Q1: Group 1

(i)

Consider the initial value problem,

y′ = sin(y)
y(0) = 2

Statement:

This problem admits a unique solution, and the maximal interval of existence is the real
line, R

Solution

TRUE

Note that sin(y) is a continuously differentiable function in y, and so by Cauchy-Lipschitz,


we have existence and uniqueness locally around t = 0. Furthermore, 2 ∈ [kπ, (k + 1)π]
for some k ∈ Z, and since sin(nπ) = 0 for any n ∈ Z, we have that these are equilib-
rium solutions. Since curves cannot cross, we have that our unique solution is bounded
between equilibrium solutions, and hence cannot blow up in finite time.

Thus, the maximal interval of existence is R.

(ii)

Consider the initial value problem,

y′ = |y|1/4
y(0) = 1

Statement:

This problem admits a unique solution for t close to 0.

Solution

TRUE

Note that |y|1/4 is continuously differentiable in an interval containing y0 = 1. So, by


Cauchy-Lipschitz, we have a unique solution defined in an interval containing t = 0.

1
(iii)

Consider the initial value problem,

y′ = |y|1/4
y(0) = 0

Statement:

This problem admits a unique solution for t close to 0.

Solution

FALSE

Note that y(t) = 0 for all t is a solution to the problem. Furthermore, y(t) = (3/4)4/3t 4/3
is also a valid solution (this can be checked by plugging in, or be derived via separation
of variables). So, the solution is not unique.

(iv)

Consider the differential equation,

y′′ − 3y′ + 2y = sinh(x)


y(0) = 1

Statement:

This problem admits a unique solution.

Solution

FALSE

Note that given a particular solution to this equation, ypart (t), we would have that the gen-
eral solution (without y(0) = 1) is of the form,

y(t) = Aet + Be2t + ypart (t)

Plugging in y(0) = 1 would give 1 = A + B + ypart (0) which is not enough to uniquely
determine A and B (i.e. we would have infinitely many pairs of A and B which work, so
we would have infinitely many solutions).

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