INTRODUCTION TO

INFORMATION AND
COMMUNICATIONS
TECHNOLOGY
Prepared by:
Jeslie Ann M. Españo
IT Instructor
 Table Of Contents
Information and
Communications
Technology

Evolution of
Computers

Components of
Computer System
Information and
Communications
Technology
WHAT IS ICT?
Information and Communications Technology (ICT) is
the use of computing and telecommunication
technologies, systems and tools to facilitate the way
information is created, collected, processed,
transmitted and stored. It includes computing
technologies like servers, laptop computers and
software applications, as well as the wired and
wireless communication technologies that support
telephones, the Internet, the Internet of Things (IoT)
and the metaverse
 WHY
LEARN ICT?
 DATA INFORMATION

Data is a collection of raw, Information is processed,

unorganised facts and details organized and structured data.
like text, observations, figures, It provides context for data and
symbols and descriptions of enables decision making.
things etc
 DATA PROCESSING
CYCLE
How is information converted into a useful form?

DATA DATA
OUTPUT COLLECTION

DATA DATA
PROCESSING INPUT
 WHAT IS A
COMPUTER?

A computer is a programmable device that

stores, retrieves, and processes data. It is a
device for processing, storing, and
displaying information. Computers can
handle a wide range of tasks, from simple
calculations to complex computations, data
storage, and communication.
 A computer works faster and more accurately than
human. Computers have the ability to process so
SPEED many millions (1,000,000) of instructions per

CHARACTERISTICS
second.

OF COMPUTER
A computer is free from tiredness, lack of
DILIGENCE concentration, fatigue, etc. It can work for hours
without creating any error.

Computers does not have feelings or emotion,

NO EMOTION taste, knowledge and experience.

A computer may conduct tasks automatically after

AUTOMATION instructions are programmed.
 BENEFITS OF COMPUTER

Computers increase your productivity and, with a

Increase your good understanding of the software running on
productivity them, you become more productive at everything
you do.

Connects you Connecting a computer to the Internet unlocks its

full potential. Once connected, your choices and
to the Internet available options, as far as information goes, are
almost limitless.

Keeps you Computers help keep you connected with long-

connected distance friends and family over e-mail and social
networking.
 It is an educational tool that helps answer almost
Help you learn
any question, teaching you anything that interests
and keep you
you. You can also access worldwide news to keep
informed
up-to-date with all of the latest news, weather, and
stories around the world.

Can make you A computer could help you make money in many
different ways. For example, creating and running an
money online store is cheaper than having a physical store.

Improves your Knowing how to use a computer and having a

employment computer can improve your employment options and
options work from home.

BENEFITS OF COMPUTER
TYPES OF COMPUTER

SUPERCOMPUTER
Are the fastest, largest and the most
expensive computers. These huge
computers are used to solve very
complex science and engineering
problems.
Oak Ridge National Laboratory’s
(ORNL’s) new supercomputer—
named Frontier by Hewlett Packard
TYPES OF COMPUTER
MAINFRAME
COMPUTER
It is a computer that is capable of
handling and processing very large
amounts of data quickly. Its
calculation speed can reach millions to
tens of millions instructions per
second (MIPS) and it can respond to
hundreds of millions of users at a time.
TYPES OF COMPUTER

SERVER COMPUTER
A server is a central computer that
contains collections of data and
programs. Also called a network
server, this system allows all
connected users to share and store
electronic data and applications.
TYPES OF COMPUTER
WORKSTATION
COMPUTER
Workstations are high-end, expensive
computers that are made for more
complex procedures and are intended
for one user at a time. Some of the
complex procedures consist of
science, math and engineering
calculations and are useful for
computer design and manufacturing.
TYPES OF COMPUTER

PERSONAL
COMPUTER
Personal computer has developed
rapidly because of its small size,
convenient use, low production cost,
and low price.
Evolution of
Computers
 COMPUTER GENERATIONS
1st Generation of Computer (1940-1956)

The first generation of computers was based on

vacuum tube technology used for calculations, storage,
and control, invented in 1904 by John Ambrose
Fleming.
 COMPUTER GENERATIONS
First computer of the world

“ENIAC” (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) was

discovered by John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert in the year between
1943 to 1945. This computer about 18,000 vacuum tubes used for the
calculation result in huge in size, occupied more than 1,000 square
feet, and weighed 30 tons.
 COMPUTER GENERATIONS
2nd Generation of Computer (1956-1964)

The second generation of computers replaced the vacuum tubes with

a reliable component called transistors for manufacturing of
computers was invented by William Shockley in 1947.
 COMPUTER GENERATIONS
2nd Generation of Computer (1956-1964)

Computers of second-generation are characterized by the use of the

first high-level programming languages, allowing programmers to
specify instructions in words. At this time, early versions of COBOL,
ALGOL, SNOBOL, and FORTRAN languages were developed.
 COMPUTER GENERATIONS
2nd Generation of Computer (1956-1964)

This IBM 1620 computer dates to March 1961. It was used to provide
Education and research in the field of computer science,
ADA LOVELACE
Ada Lovelace is often regarded
as the world's first programmer
due to her work on Charles
Babbage's Analytical Engine in
the mid-19th century.
 COMPUTER GENERATIONS
3rd Generation of Computer (1964-1971)

The third generation appeared in the form of integrated circuits

(invented by Jack Kilby from 1958 to 1964). An IC (integrated circuit)
is consists of many small transistors mounted on chips, which are
called semiconductors.
 COMPUTER GENERATIONS
3rd Generation of Computer (1964-1971)

The IBM 2250 graphical display unit included a 21-inch monitor with
1024x1024 resolution, a dedicated display-list processor, a light pen,
and a keyboard.
 COMPUTER GENERATIONS
4th Generation of Computer (1971-2010)

The microprocessor brought the fourth generation of computers, as thousands

of integrated circuits equivalent to about millions of transistors were assembled
and brought the whole central processing unit and other fundamental elements
of the machine into a small chip called a microprocessor fitted on the CPU
socket.
 COMPUTER GENERATIONS
5th Generation of Computer (2010-At Present)

This Photo by Unknown Author is

licensed under CC BY-SA-NC

Artificial intelligence is the name of the fifth as well as the latest generation of
computers based on ULSI (Ultra Large Scale Integration) technology is the
process of integrating or embedding millions of transistors on a single silicon
microchip.
 Components of
Computer System
 is a collective term used to describe any of the
HARDWARE physical components of an analog or digital
computer
 An input device is essentially a piece of hardware that
INPUT DEVICE sends signal or data to a computer.
 is any device that receives data from a computer, usually
OUTPUT DEVICE for display, projection, or physical reproduction.
 STORAGE is an integral part of the computer hardware which
stores information/data to process the result of any
DEVICE computational work.

PRIMARY STORAGE SECONDARY STORAGE

necessary for the operation of the Those accessories, removable or not,
system as they contain vital metadata to with which it is possible to enter and
start the operating system. extract data from and to the system.

RAM
COMMUNICATION is a hardware device that transmits or receives analog or
digital signals over a phone, network, or wireless
DEVICE connection.
The terms "USB" and "flash drive"
are often used interchangeably,
but they refer to different things.
 a set of instructions that tell a computer or other
SOFTWARE hardware how to perform specific tasks.
 TWO TYPES OF SOFTWARE

SYSTEM SOFTWARE APPLICATION SOFTWARE

acts as the interface between the acts as an interface between the system
application software and hardware of the software and the end-user
computer system.
 refers to the role people play in technology and the development
PEOPLEWARE of hardware or software. It can include various aspects of the
process such as human interaction, programming, productivity,
teamwork, and project management.
PEOPLEWARE

Examples of peopleware include individual

people, groups of people, project teams,
businesses, developers, programmers and
end users.
THANK
YOU!!!
ANY QUESTIONS?
CLARIFICATIONS?
 RECITATION!!
If you were to pick a function of a keyboard,
which function is the most important to you?
Justify your answer
 REFERENCES
https://www.techopedia.com/definition/24152/information-and-
communications-technology-ict
https://byjus.com/biology/difference-between-data-and-information/
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/characteristics-of-computer-system/
https://www.computerhope.com/issues/ch001798.htm
https://techhq.com/2022/05/meet-frontier-the-worlds-first-fastest-
exascale-supercomputer-by-hpe/
https://digitalworld839.com/generations-of-computer-first-to-fifth/
https://prezi.com/ovxgranfoon1/hardware-software-dataware-
peopleware/
https://techterms.com/definition/peopleware

Prepared by:
Jeslie Ann M. Españo
IT Instructor