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math 10 part 2

The document covers various mathematical concepts including similarity of triangles, properties of circles, trigonometric ratios, and basic probability. It discusses theorems related to angles, tangents, and areas of circles, as well as definitions and calculations involving surface areas and volumes. Additionally, it introduces fundamental concepts of probability and statistics, including sample space and events.

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dangerousdevil358
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2 views

math 10 part 2

The document covers various mathematical concepts including similarity of triangles, properties of circles, trigonometric ratios, and basic probability. It discusses theorems related to angles, tangents, and areas of circles, as well as definitions and calculations involving surface areas and volumes. Additionally, it introduces fundamental concepts of probability and statistics, including sample space and events.

Uploaded by

dangerousdevil358
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Coronary: Lisanne vr CHAPTER Fundamentals: vahape are sald Similar figures: Two figures Of same to be similar. it Their corresponding angles are equal portional Their corresponding sides are pr) rion for similarity of two triangles larity: If the corresponding are proportional, then triangles larity: If the corresponding ant similar. onding sides the included sides of (wo are similar. gles of two ngles are equal, then triangles are if the pair of corresp' \S Similar wo triangles are proportional and -le ts equal, then tangles are similar. nts of theorems ic Proportionality Theorem: If a line is drawn liel to one side of a triangle to intersect the other sides at distinct points, the other two sides are ed in the same ratio. erse of Basic Proportionality Theorem: If a line two sides of a triangle in the same ratio, the parallel to the third side. eorems: roportionality Theorem (Thales theorem): ent: If a line i : If a line is drawn parallel to one side of le to intersect the other ty, a : two sid 4 voints, the other s are aivige | F di ratio ABC and line‘! parattet © Ben AD _ AE To Prove: DB EC Construction: Join BE and CD. Draw DM LAC. Proof: We know that areas of the tr same base and between same ) hence we have aes area (ABDE) = area (ACDE) undamentals Risitora circle C(O, ?/and a line PQ. There can be dheme possibilities given below: gy Nomintersecting line wrt A) atinc intersects cle sm two distinet points, this tine is called a Secant tuiy Aline which intersects circle exactly at one point is called 2 Tangent. Secant “Tangent Oe. From a point P inside a circle, the number of tangents drawn to the circle = 0. umber of tangents From a point P ona circle, the drawn tothe circle = 1 From a point P outside the circle, the number of tangents drawn to the circle = 2 The distance between two parallel tangents drawn is equal to the diameter of the circle. Theorem 1: The tangent at any point of a circle is perpendicular to the radius through the point of contact. Given: A circle C(O, r) and a tangent at point A. roca wee ome . qa fAADE _ 2SAESDM gp wy AB AC amv of CDE ~ Trexpar” EC to) 0 AD" at CHAPTER 6: Circles ‘Construction: Take 2 point B, other than A, on the tangent I Join OB. Suppose OB meets the circle at point Proof: We know that, among all lne segment joining, the point © to @ point on I, the perpendicular is shortest to Here, oA = 0c {radi of same circle 4) Now, op =0c+ce ‘Therefore,OB > OC = OB>0A {from eq, 6} or OA< OB Bis an arbitrary point on the tangent Z. ‘Thus, OA isshorter than any other line segment. Here, we can say that OA 1 Hence Proved. “Theorem 2: The lengths of two tangents from an external point toa dice are equal. Given: A circle C(O, and two tangents say PQand PR from an external point P Toprove PQ=PR. & Construction: Join OQ, OR and OP. Proof:In AOQP and AORP 0Q=OR (radii of the same circle) oP = OP (Common) LO =LR = each 90° (The tangent at any point of a circle is perpendicular to the radius through the point of contact) Hence, AOQP=AORP —_—_(By RHS criterion) & PQ=PR @yCP.CT) Hence Proved. \ \ ve avestion Papers: MATHEMATICS cy no . ond Trigonometri, ny ond Honoree goa Nt A) a1 oswaat CBSE Sa¥ —SHAPTER 9: Introduction to Trigono™ esis that eal 1c _ Pempendign, vimanas me ra 4 Conecant A GEE Fr cxampie in right 48 the raion ofthe the tangle with respect 10 04 ae called 5. secant Adicent side ange, 6 Cotangent A = Spposiesiaeta ees AB Base Bic ~ Perpendiaisy raceme tS | te (Base) aes 6 1 * ‘sin A is written for sine A. 2 con iswitten fr cosine A fan Ais waiten for tangent A conec Ais writen for coSecant A Sec Ais written for secant A. There are six differen trigonometric ratios as follows: > = poeta side tangle Poe Hypotenuse cot Ais written for cotangent A. = BC _ Perpendicular Relation between Trigonometic ratios re dene ene sin o= —1— OR coseco= 1 denotes Hi Cosine 4 = Adjincent side toangle A res sind a ‘Hypotenuse -2 Bue. LHS = sit Tangent = Opposite side to angle A : Adjacent side to angle A —— [Migonometrc tos of sme specifi angles: poate AAS Par we will put values of angles as, 30, 45 the eye object v The an viewed sight When the ho we ra also st assum © Angle Thea the | the |i dow: L fer gonden bes trom + yonental Trigonometsic ktentiies re three fundame which canbe p= 1+ coh fentity: sin? 0 + cos? 0 = 1 Proof of first id Prot aenotes Perpendicular, B denotes Base, and Ht Uenotes Hypotenuse. . Pp B In AXvZ, ZY=90", sin = 5p and cos O= Fy Hence Proved. ‘Therefore, = 1= RS, Similarly, other two identities can be proved. LHS = sin?@ + cos? O (putting values of sin 0 and cos 0) CHAPTER 10: Heights ‘and Distances “Angle of Elevation: ‘The line of sight is the line drawn from the eye of an observer to the pointin the c bject viewed by the observer. ‘The angle of elevation of the point iewed is the angle formed by the line of sight with the horizontal. When the point being viewed is above the horizontal level, ie., the case when “ we raise our head to look at the object is A ie Angle of elevation iso shown in diagram that we have to E ssume a horizontal level at our eyes. The angle of depression is used in navigation Construction, and deviation to determine distancs and heights. B D Angle of Depression: The angle of depression is the angle formed bewwees The angie nal line from the observer's eye and te nore sight to an object below. It is measured downward from the horizontal. CHAPTER 11: Areas Related to Circles 3. The longest chord passing through centre ‘arc is called diamete © Fundamentals: Circle is defined as the set of those points which whose end point lies on

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