Scribd
Upload
4 views

LM-in-data-management

The document discusses the role of statistics in data management, explaining its two branches: descriptive statistics for summarizing data and inferential statistics for making predictions about populations. It defines key concepts such as population, sample, and variables, distinguishing between qualitative and quantitative variables, and further classifying quantitative variables into discrete and continuous types. Additionally, it outlines the scales of measurement (nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio) and various methods for presenting data, including textual, tabular, and graphical formats.

Uploaded by

PAVO, JUDY V.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
4 views

LM-in-data-management

The document discusses the role of statistics in data management, explaining its two branches: descriptive statistics for summarizing data and inferential statistics for making predictions about populations. It defines key concepts such as population, sample, and variables, distinguishing between qualitative and quantitative variables, and further classifying quantitative variables into discrete and continuous types. Additionally, it outlines the scales of measurement (nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio) and various methods for presenting data, including textual, tabular, and graphical formats.

Uploaded by

PAVO, JUDY V.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

DATA MANAGEMENT/MATHEMATICS AS A TOOL

Statistical tools derived from mathematics are useful in processing and managing numerical data
to describe a phenomenon and predict values.

What is statistics? - Statistics is a branch of applied mathematics concerned with collecting,


organizing, and interpreting data.
What is data? - is a raw and unorganized information.

2 branches of Statistics
1. Descriptive statistics- It refers to the collection, presentation, description, and summary of
data (either using charts and graphs or using a numerical summary).
2. Inferential statistics- Refers to generalizing from a sample to a population, estimating
unknown population parameters, drawing conclusions, and making decisions. It make inferences
and predictions about a based on a sample of data taken from the population.

Descriptive statistics are used to describe the main features of an entire set of
data collected in a study. Inferential statistics are used to draw conclusions and
make predictions about an entire population based on the data from a
representative sample.

POPULATION AND SAMPLE


Population- refers to all the items (infinite or finite) that we are interested in. It consists of the
totality of the observations, individuals, or objects in which the investigator/researcher is
interested in.
Sample- is a subset or portion of the population. It involves looking only at some items selected
from a population.

What is a variable?
A VARIABLE is a characteristic of interest about an object under investigation that can take on
different possible outcomes, such as age, hair, color, height, weight, and religious preference.

Two kinds of Variables

1. QUALITATIVE– These are variables that can be placed into distinct categories, according to
some characteristics or attributes. It is an interpretation-based, descriptive and relating to
language. It answers the questions why, how or what. EX. Sex, color
2. QUANTITATIVE– These are numerical and can be ordered or ranked. It is number-based,
countable or measurable. Qualitative data tells us how many, how much or how often. Ex. height

QUANTITATIVE VAIRABLES can be further classified into two groups:

Discrete and Continuous.


Discrete are frequencies, obtained by means of counting. Discrete variables can be assigned
values such as 0, 1, 2, 4 and 4 and are said to be countable. Ex. Number of children in the family,
calls received every day.

Continuous are represented by measurement values. An infinite number of values. Ex.


Temperature, height, weight.
MEASUREMENT

- The process of associating numbers with physical quantities and phenomena. It is a


numeric value with certain units.
To quantify an observation, it is necessary to identify its scale of measurement, it is
known as level of measurement. All data’s are analyze statistically, but represented
differently.

SCALES OF MEASUREMENT

NOMINAL- It concerns with categorical data. It simply means using numbers to label,
classify, or identify categories. It is the lowest level of data measurement. Ex. Marital
status, sex.
What is your gender? What is your political Where do you live?
preference?
o M 1. independent 1. suburbs
Male 2. democrat 2. city
o F 3. republican 3. town
Female

ORDINAL- It concerns with ranked data. The numbers are used not only to classify but
also to reflect some rank or order. Is higher than the nominal level.Ex. 1st, 2nd, 3rd …, high
or low.

INTERVAL- It deals with measurement data. , in interval scale we assign numbers in


such a way that there is meaning and weight on the value of points between intervals.
Second to the highest level of measurement. NO TRUE ZERO. EX. Temperature,
intelligence test, grades of students. 0 means something

Academic performance of five students in a certain class


Student A B C D E
Interval 99 74 73 67 65
Ordinal 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
Nominal passed Failed failed Failed failed

RATIO- This is an extension of an interval scale. In this level, TRUE ZERO EXIST. It is
the highest level of measurement. Examples are height, weight, time and volume.
Data that are collected must be organized and presented effectively for analysis and
interpretation. They can be presented in different forms as follows:

1. Textual presentation – presents data in paragraph form which combines text and figures.
Example: there are 42, 045 barangays in the Philippines that comprise the 1,489 municipalities,
145 cities and 81 provinces.

2. Tabular presentation - presents data in tables. Tabulation is a process of summarizing


classified data and arranging them in table. It gives more precise, systematic and orderly
presentation of the data in rows and columns.
Ex. The data below shows the population by region in the Philippines in the year 2010 and 2015
censuses.
REGION 2010 2015

PHILIPPINES 92,337,852 100,981,437


NCR 11,855,975 12,877,253
CAR 1,616,867 1,722,006

I-ILOCOS REGION 3,229,163 3,451,410


II-CAGAYAN VALLEY 3,229,163 3,451,410
III-CENTRAL LUZON 10,137,737 11,218,177

IV A- CALABARZON 12,609,803 14,414,774


IV B- MIMAROPA 2,744,671 2,963,360
V- BICOL 5,420,411 5,796,989

VI- WESTERN VISAYAS 4,194,579 4,477,247


VII- CENTRAL VISAYAS 5,513,514 6,041,903
NEGROS ISLAND 4,194,525 4,414,131

VII 4,101,322 4,440,150


IX 3,407,353 3,629,783
X 4,297,323 4,698,302

XI 4,468,563 4,893,318
XII 4,109,571 4,545,276
XIII 2,429,224 2,596,709

ARMM 3,256,140 3,781,387


TABLE 1. POPULATION ENUMERATED IN 2010 AND 2015
3. Graphical presentation- is an effective of presenting statistical results and can present clear
pictures of the data. There are several kinds of graphs and some of these are as follows.

BAR GRAPH- consist of bars either vertically or horizontally and usually constructed
for comparative purposes. The lengths of the bars represents the frequencies or the magnitudes of
the quantities being compared.

LINE GRAPH- shows the relationship between 2 or more sets of quantities. It may show
the relationship between 2 variables and it is best used to established trends.

PIE CHART- used to represent quantities that make up a whole. It is a circular diagram
cut into subdivisions. The size of each section indicates the proportion of each component part of
the whole. It can be constructed using percent or the actual figures.

You might also like