Real Analysis - Solutions to Assignment 7 From Bartle and Sherbert
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Vladimir EgorovReal Analysis - Solutions to Assignment 7 From Bartle and Sherbert
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Vladimir Egorov1 Section 3.
1 - 1d, 2b, 3b, 4, 5a, 5c, 8, 11
1
1. 1d. Write the first five terms of x := n2 +2 .
Proof. x1 = 21 , x2 = 15 , x3 = 1
10 x4 = 1
17 , x5 = 1
26
2. 2b. The first few terms of a sequence (xn ) are given below. Give
a formula for the nth term xn . 1/2, −1/4, 1/8, −1/16, . . . .
(−1)n+1
xn = 2n
3. 3b. List the five terms of the following inductively defined se-
quences y1 := 2, yn+1 = 12 (yn + 2/yn ).
Proof. y1 = 2, y2 = 23 , y3 = 17
12 y4 = 577
408 , y5 = 665857
470832
4. 4. For any b ∈ <, prove that lim(b/n) = 0.
Proof. Let K() be such that 1/K() < /|b|. Then
b 1
| − 0| = |b| ∗ < |b| ∗ 1/K() < |b| ∗ /|b| < (1)
n n
The above line works whenever n ≥ K().
5. 5. Use the definition of the limit of a sequence to establish the
folliwng limits.
(a) lim n2n+1 = 0
Proof. We want to show that given an > 0, we can find a K() that
satisfies | n2n+1 − 0| < for all n ≥ K(). Our first job is to find K()
and then we have to show it works (satisfies the definition).
Part I: Finding K() - If we look at | n2n+1 − 0| < , we get | n2n+1 | < .
We recognize that n2n+1 < nn2 = n1 . At this point, we know there
exists a K() such that 1/K() < whenever n ≥ K().
Part II: Making sure K() works! (Note: This is the important step!)
We start by looking at | n2n+1 − 0| = n2n+1 < nn2 = n1 < whenever
n ≥ K().
3n+1 3
(b) lim 2n+5 = 2
Proof. For this one, I’ll skip Part I. What we need for Part II though
is a K() such that the definition works. Let K() be such that
1 4
K() < 13 .
We start by looking at | 3n+1 3
2n+5 − 2 | = |
6n+2−6n−15
4n+10 | < | −13
4n | =
13
4 ∗ n1 <
13 4
4 ∗ 13 < whenever n ≥ K().
1
6. 8. Prove that lim(xn ) = 0 if and only if lim(|xn |) = 0. Give an
example to show that the convergence of (|xn |) need not imply
the convergence of (xn ).
Proof. If lim(xn ) = 0, then there exists a K() such that |xn | < whenever
n ≥ K(). And since we have the following set of equalities: |xn | = ||xn || =
||xn | − 0|, we are able to say that lim(|xn |) = 0. Likewise, if we follow
the inequalities in the other direction, we get the other direction of the
statment.
(−1)n n
For the example (or counterexample), use n+1 .
7. 11.
1 1
Show that lim n − n+1 = 0.
Proof. Let K() be such that 1/K() < .
| n1 − 1
n+1 − 0| = | n+1−n
n(n+1) | =
1
n2 +n < 1
n2 < 1
n < whenever n ≥ K().
