PROBABILITY

1
1 If P(A) = , P(B) = 0, then P(A/B) is
2
(a) 0
1
(b)
2
(c) not defined
(d) 1

2 𝐴 and 𝐵 are events such that 𝑃(𝐴/𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐵/𝐴) then

(a) A ⊂ B
(b) B = A
(c) A ∩ B = 𝜙
(d) 𝐏(𝐀) = 𝐏(𝐁)

3 If two events 𝐴 and 𝐵 are such that P(A′ ) = 0.3, P(B) = 0.4 and P(A ∩ B′ ) = 0.5, then
𝐵
𝑃 ( ′) =
𝐴∪𝐵
(a) 𝟏/𝟒
(b) 1/5
(c) 3/5
(d) 2/5
1 1 2
4 It is given that the events 𝐴 and 𝐵 are such that 𝑃(𝐴) = , 𝑃(𝐴 ∣ 𝐵) = and 𝑃(𝐵 ∣ 𝐴) = . Then
4 2 3
𝑃(𝐵) is
1
(a)
6
𝟏
(b)
𝟑
2
(c)
3
1
(d)
2

5 ̅∣B
If A and B are 2 events such that P(A) > 0 and P(B) ≠ 1, then P(A ̅) =
(a) 1 − P(A ∣ B)
(b) 𝟏 − 𝐏(𝐀 ∣ 𝐁̅)
1−P(A∪B)
(c)
P(B)
̅)
P(A
(d)
P(B)

6 P(E ∩ F) is equal to
(a) P(E) ⋅ P(F ∣ E)
(b) P(F) ⋅ P(E ∣ F)
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of these
7 Let three fair coins be tossed. Let A = {all heads or all tails }, B = { atleast two heads }, and C =
{ atmost two tails }. Which of the following events are independent?
(a) A and C
(b) B and C
(c) A and B
(d) None of these

8 Which one is not a requirement of a binomial distribution?

(a) There are 2 outcomes for each trial

(b) There is a fixed number of trials

(c) The outcomes must be dependent on each other

(d) The probability of success must be the same for all the trial

9 Examples of some random variables are given below:

(1) Number of sons among the children of parents with five children.
(2) Number of sunday in some randomly selected months with 30 days.
(3) Number of apples in some 3 kg packets, purchased from a retail shop.

Which of the above is expected to follow binomial distribution?

(a) Variable 1
(b) Variable 2
(c) Variable 3
(d) None of these
̅
A
10 If 𝐴 and 𝐵 are two events such that 𝑃(𝐴) ≠ 0 and P(B) ≠ 1, then P ( ̅‾ ) =
𝐵
A
(a) 1 − P ( )
B
̅
A
(b) 1 − P ( )
B
𝟏−𝐏(𝐀∪𝐁)
(c) ̅)
𝐏(𝐁
̅)
P(A
(d)
P(B)

11 A coin is tossed three times is succession. If E is the event that there are at least two heads and F
is the event in which first throw is a head, then P(E/F) equal to:
𝟑
(a)
𝟒
3
(b)
8
1
(c)
2
1
(d)
8
 1
12 The probability of safe arrival of one ship out of five is ( ). The probability of safe arrival of
5
atleast 3 ship is:
3
(a)
52
1
(b)
31
184
(c)
3125
𝟏𝟖𝟏
(d)
𝟑𝟏𝟐𝟓

13 Themean and variance of a random variable 𝑋 having binomial distribution are 4 and 2
respectively, then 𝑃(𝑋 = 1) is
1
(a)
4
𝟏
(b)
𝟑𝟐
1
(c)
16
1
(d)
8

14 Consider the following statement:

"The mean of a binomial distribution is 3 and variance is 4. " Which of the following is correct
regarding this statement?
(a) It is always true
(b) It is sometimes true
(c) It is never true
(d) No conclusion can be drawn

15 The probability that a man hits a target is p = 0.1. He fires n = 100 times. The expected number
n of times he will hit the target is :
(a) 33
(b) 30
(c) 20
(d) 10

16 The probability of the simultaneous occurrence of two events 𝐴 and 𝐵 is p. If the probability that
exactly one of the events occurs is q, then which of the following is not correct?
(a) 𝐏(𝐀′ ) + 𝐏(𝐁 ′ ) = 𝟐 + 𝟐𝐪 − 𝐩
(b) P(A′ ) + P(B′ ) = 2 − 2p − q
p
(c) P(A ∩ B ∣ A ∪ B) =
p+q
(d) 𝑃(𝐴′ ∩ 𝐵 ′ ) = 1 − 𝑝 − 𝑞

17 Girl students constitute 10% of I year and 5% of II year at Roorkee University. During summer
holidays 70% of the I year and 30% of II year students are given a project. The girls take turns
on duty in canteen. The chance that I year girl student is on duty in a randomly selected day is
3
(a)
17
 𝟏𝟒
(b)
𝟏𝟕
3
(c)
10
7
(d)
10

18 One ticket is selected at random from 50 tickets numbered 00,01,02, … ,49. Then the probability
that the sum of the digits on the selected ticket is 8 , given that the product of these digits is zero,
equals
1
(a)
7
5
(b)
14
1
(c)
50
𝟏
(d)
𝟏𝟒

19 Two aeroplanes I and II bomb a target in succession. The probabilities of I and II scoring a hit
correctly are 0.3 and 0.2, respectively. The second plane will bomb only if the first misses the
target. The probability that the target is hit by the second plane is
(a) 0.2
(b) 0.7
(c) 0.06
(d) 0.14

20 In a college, 30% students fail in physics, 25% fail in Mathematics and 10% fail in both. One
student is chosen at random. The probability that she fails in Physics, if she has failed in
mathematics, is
1
(a)
10
𝟐
(b)
𝟓
9
(c)
20
1
(d)
3

21 In a meeting, 70% of the members favour and 30% oppose a certain proposal. A member is
selected at random and we take 𝑋 = 0, if he opposed and 𝑋 = 1, if he is in favour. Then, E(X)
and Var⁡(X) respectively are
3 5
(a) ,
7 17
13 2
(b)
15 15
,
𝟕 𝟐𝟏
(c) ,
𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝟎
7 23
(d) ,
10 100

22 If 𝐴 and 𝐵 be two events such that 𝑃(𝐴) = 0.6, 𝑃(𝐵) = 0.2 and P(A/B) = 0.5, then P(A′ /B′ ) is
equal to
1
(a)
10
 3
(b)
10
𝟑
(c)
𝟖
6
(d)
7

23 If 𝐴 and 𝐵 are independent events, then which of the following is not true?
(a) P(A/B) = P(A)
(b) P(B/A) = P(B)
(c) 𝐏(𝐀/𝐁) = 𝐏(𝐁/𝐀)
(d) None of these

24 If P(A ∩ B) = 0.15, P(B′ ) = 0.10, then P(A/B) =

1
(a)
3
1
(b)
4
𝟏
(c)
𝟔
1
(d)
5

25 Two dice are thrown. If it is known that the sum of the numbers on the dice is less than 6 , the
probability of getting a sum 3 is
1
(a)
8
2
(b)
5
𝟏
(c) 𝟓
5
(d)
18

27 Two dice are thrown, simultaneously. If 𝑋 denotes the number of sixes, then the expected value
of 𝑋 is
𝟏
(a) 𝐄(𝐗) =
𝟑
2
(b) E(X) =
3
1
(c) E(X) =
6
5
(d) E(X) =
6

28 The random variable X has the following probability distribution:

x: -3 -1 0 1 3

P(X = x): 0.05 0.45 0.20 0.25 0.05

Then, its mean is

(a) -0.2
 (b) 0.2
(c) -0.4
(d) 0.4

29 The mean of the numbers obtained on throwing a die having written 1 on three faces, 2 on two
faces and 5 on one face is
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 5
8
(d)
3

30 If E and F are events such that 0 < P(F) < 1, then

(a) 𝐏(𝐄 ∣ 𝐅) + 𝐏(𝐄̅ ∣ 𝐅) = 𝟏
(b) P(E ∣ F) + P(E ∣ F̅) = 1
̅ ∣ F) + P(E ∣ F̅) = 1
(c) P(E
(d) P(E ∣ F̅) + P(E
̅ ∣ F̅) = 0

3 1 4
31 If P(B) = , P(A ∣ B) = and P(A ∪ B) = , then P(A ∪ B)′ + P(A′ ∪ B) =
5 2 5
1
(a)
5
4
(b)
5
1
(c)
2
(d) 1

32 In a binomial distribution, the mean is 4 and variance is 3. Then its mode is :

(a) 4
(b) 5
(c) 6
(d) 7

33 In a box containing 100 bulbs, 10 are defective. The probability that out of a sample of 5 bulbs,
none is defective is :
(a) 10−1
1 5
(b) ( )
2
𝟗 𝟓
(c) ( )
𝟏𝟎
9
(d)
10

34 If E1 and E2 are two events such that P(E1 ) = 1/4, P(E2 /E1 ) = 1/2 and P(E1 /E2 ) = 1/4, then
choose the incorrect statement

(a) E1 and E2 are independent

(b) 𝑬𝟏 and 𝑬𝟐 are exhaustive

 (c) E2 is twice as likely to occur as E1

(d) Probabilities of the events E1 ∩ E2 , E1 and E2 are in G.P.

35 A bag contains 12 white pearls and 18 black pearls. Two pearls are drawn in succession without
replacement. The probability that the first pearl is white and the second is black, is
32
(a)
145
28
(b)
143
𝟑𝟔
(c)
𝟏𝟒𝟓
36
(d)
143

36 Bag 𝑃 contains 6 red and 4 blue balls and bag 𝑄 contains 5 red and 6 blue balls. A ball is
transferred from bag P to bag Q and then a ball is drawn from bag 𝑄. What is the probability that
the ball drawn is blue?
7
(a)
15
𝟖
(b)
𝟏𝟓
4
(c)
19
8
(d)
19

37 A die is thrown again and again until three sixes are obtained. The probability of obtaining third
six in the sixth throw of the die, is
625
(a)
23329
621
(b)
25329
𝟔𝟐𝟓
(c)
𝟐𝟑𝟑𝟐𝟖
620
(d)
23328

9
38 If the chance that a ship arrives safely at a port is ; the chance that out of 5 expected ships, at
10
least 4 will arrive safely at the port 2, is
𝟗𝟏𝟖𝟓𝟒
(a)
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎
32805
(b)
100000
59049
(c)
100000
26244
(d)
100000

39 A drunken man takes a step forward with probability 0.4 and backwards with probability 0.6 .
Find the probability that at the end of eleven steps, he is one step away from the starting point.
(a) 24 × (0.36)6
(b) 462 × (0.24)6
(c) 24 × (0.36)5
(d) 𝟒𝟔𝟐 × (𝟎. 𝟐𝟒)𝟓
 2 3 1
40 If P(A) = , P(B) = and P(A ∩ B) = , then P(A′ ∣ B′ ). P(B′ ∣ A′ ) is equal to
5 10 5
5
(a)
6
5
(b)
7
𝟐𝟓
(c)
𝟒𝟐
(d) 1

41 Two events 𝐸 and 𝐹 are independent. If 𝑃(𝐸) = 0.3, 𝑃(𝐸 ∪ 𝐹) = 0.5, then 𝑃(𝐸 ∣ 𝐹) − 𝑃(𝐹 ∣ 𝐸)
equals
2
(a)
7
3
(b)
35
𝟏
(c)
𝟕𝟎
1
(d)
7

42 Three persons, A, B and C, fire at a target in turn, starting with A. Their probability of hitting the
target are 0.4,0.3 and 0.2 respectively. The probability of two hits is
(a) 0.024
(b) 0.188
(c) 0.336
(d) 0.452

43 Suppose 𝑋 follows a binomial distribution with parameters n and p, where 0 < p < 1, if P(X =
r)/P(X = n − r) is independent of n and r, then
𝟏
(a) 𝐩 =
𝟐
1
(b) p =
3
1
(c) p =
4
(d) None of these

44 One hundred identical coins, each with probability p of showing up heads, are tossed. If 0 < p <
1 and the probability of heads showing on 50 coins is equal to that of heads showing on 51 coins.
The value of 𝑝 is
1
(a)
2
49
(b)
101
50
(c)
101
𝟓𝟏
(d)
𝟏𝟎𝟏

45 A box contains 20 identical balls of which 10 are blue and 10 are green. The balls are drawn at
random from the box one at a time with replacement. The probability that a blue ball is drawn
4th time on the 7th draw is
27
(a)
32
 5
(b)
64
𝟓
(c)
𝟑𝟐
1
(d)
2

46 If 𝑋 follows Binomial distribution with mean 3 and variance 2 , then 𝑃(𝑋 ≥ 8) is equal to :
17
(a) 9
3
18
(b)
39
𝟏𝟗
(c)
𝟑𝟗
20
(d)
39

35 35
47 If the mean and variance of a binomial variate x are respectively and , then the probability of
6 36
𝑥 > 6 is :
1
(a) 2
6
𝟓𝟕
(b) 𝟔𝟕
1
(c)
76
1 1
(d) +
67 67

48 There is 30% chance that it rains on any particular day. Given that there is at least one rainy day,
then the probability that there are at least two rainy days is
14 7 6
×( )
5 10
(a) 7 7
1+( )
10
7 6 14
(b) ( ) −
10 17
13 7 6
(c)
5
×( )
10
𝟏𝟒 𝟕 𝟔
𝟏− ×( )
𝟏𝟓 𝟏𝟎
(d) 𝟕 𝟕
𝟏−( )
𝟏𝟎

3
49 In a binomial distribution, mean is 3 and standard deviation is , then the probability function is
2
𝟑 𝟏 𝟏𝟐
(a) ( + )
𝟒 𝟒
1 3 12
(b) ( + )
4 4
1 3 9
(c) ( + 4)
4
3 1 9
(d) ( + )
4 4

50 An urn contains five balls. Two balls are drawn and found to be white. The probability that all
the balls are white is
 1
(a)
10
3
(b)
10
3
(c)
5
𝟏
(d)
𝟐

51 A signal which can be green or red with probability 4/5 and 1/5 respectively, is received by
station A and then trasmitted to station B. The probability of each station receiving the signal
correctly is 3/4. If the signal received at station 𝐵 is given, then the probability that the original
signal is green, is
3
(a)
5
6
(b)
7
𝟐𝟎
(c)
𝟐𝟑
9
(d)
20

52 By examining the chest X-ray, the probability that TB is detected when a person is actually
suffering is 0.99. The probability of an healthy person diagnosed to have TB is 0.001. In a
certain city, 1 in 1000 people suffers from TB, A person is selected at random and is diagnosed
to have TB. Then, the probability that the person actually has TB is
𝟏𝟏𝟎
(a)
𝟐𝟐𝟏
2
(b)
223
110
(c)
223
1
(d)
221