Chapter 9

Nested for Loops

Class 9 - APC Understanding Computer
Applications with BlueJ
Fill in the blanks

Question 1

A loop within another loop is called nested loops

Question 2

You can use break statement to terminate a loop block.

Question 3

Label is a tag that decides which of part the loop is to be used.

Question 4

Repetition of inner loop takes place before outer loop

Question 5

Continue statement will repeat a loop for next iteration after ignoring some statements of the
loop.

Write whether the following statements are True/False

Question 1

Loop is a repetitive structure.

True

Question 2

Nesting of loops means restricting the use of inner loop.

False
Question 3

When break statement is applied, it terminates the program completely.

False

Question 4

When outer loop completes its iterations, the inner loop starts. False

Question 5

Labelled continue statement allows the next iteration of the loop from any place of looping
structure.
False

Differentiate between the following

Question 1

Nested if and nested loop

Nested if is used to do conditional checks at multiple levels whereas nested loops are used to
execute one iterative set of statements inside another iterative set.

Question 2

Break and continue

1. break statement is used to unconditionally jump out of the loop whereas continue
statement is used to unconditionally jump to the next iteration of the loop, skipping
the remaining statements of the current iteration.
2. break statement is used in switch-case and loops whereas continue statement is only
used in loops.

Question 3

Labelled break and Unlabelled break

Labelled break can be used to exit out of a deeply nested set of loops whereas Unlabelled
break only exits from the loop within which it is enclosed.

Answer the following questions

Question 1
What do you mean by a nested loop?
When a loop is contained inside another loop it is termed as nested loops

Question 2

In what situation you need a nested loop?

When the repetition of two tasks depend on each other in such a way that for every
repetition of first task, the second tasks needs to be repeated a number of times, then we
use nested loops.

Question 3

How will you terminate outer loop from the block of the inner loop?
By using Labelled break statement.

Question 4

What do you mean by labelled break statement? Give an example.

Labelled break statement transfers program control out of the code block whose label is
specified as its target. The target code block must enclose the break statement but it does
not need to be the immediately enclosing block.
In the below code snippet:

first: for (int j = 1; j <= 5; j++) {

for (int k = 1; k <= j; k++) {
if (k > 4)
break first;
System.out.print(k);
}
System.out.println();
}
System.out.println("Outside code block labelled first");
the labelled break statement break first; will transfer the program control outside the
outer for loop to the statement System.out.println("Outside code block labelled
first");

Question 5

Write down the syntax of the nested loop.

Below is the syntax of nested loop:

for (<initial value>; <test condition>; <update value>) {

for (<initial value>; <test condition>; <update value>) {

 executable statement(s)

Give the output of the following snippets based on nested

loops

Question 1

int i,j;
for (i=0; i<4; i++)
{
for (j=i; j>=0; j--)
System.out.print(j);
System.out.println();
}

Output

10

210

3210

Explanation

For each iteration of outer for loop, inner for loop will iterate from i to 0 printing the above
pattern.

Question 2

int y,p;
for (int x=1; x<=3; x++)
{
for (y=1; y<=2; y++)
{
p = x * y;
System.out.print(p);
}
System.out.println( );
}

Output

12

24

36

Explanation

x y p Remarks

1 1 1 1st iteration of outer for loop

2 2

2 1 2 2nd iteration of outer for loop

2 4

3 1 3 3rd iteration of outer for loop

2 6

Question 3

int a,b;
for (a=1; a<=2; a++)
{
for (b= (64+a); b<=70; b++)
System.out.print((char) b);
System.out.println( );
}

Output

ABCDEF

BCDEF
Explanation

In the first iteration of outer for loop, the inner for loop will print characters with ASCII codes
from 65 to 70 i.e. letters from A to F.
In the second iteration of outer for loop, the inner for loop will print characters with ASCII codes
from 66 to 70 i.e. letters from B to F.

Question 4

int x,y;
for(x=1; x<=5; x++)
{
for(y=1; y<x; y++)
{
if(x == 4)
break;
System.out.print(y);
}
System.out.println( );
}

Output

12

1234

Explanation

1st iteration of outer for

x=1
Inner for loop doesn't execute as y = 1 so the condition y<x is false
Just a newline is printed to the console due to System.out.println( );
2nd iteration of outer for
x=2
Inner for loop executes once printing 1 to the console

3rd iteration of outer for

x=3
Inner for loop executes twice printing 12 to the console
4th iteration of outer for
x=4
if(x == 4) becomes true inside inner for loop. break is executed, just a newline is printed to
the console.
5th iteration of outer for
x=5
Inner for loop executes 4 times printing 1234 to the console

Question 5

int i,j;
first:
for (i=10; i>=5; i--)
{
for (j= 5; j<=i; j++)
{
if (i*j <40)
continue first;
System.out.print(j);
}
System.out.println( );
}

Output

5678910

56789

5678

Explanation

For the first 3 iterations of outer loop i * j >= 40. After that as the condition of if (i*j
<40) becomes true, in each iteration of inner for, continue statement transfers the program
control to the next iteration of outer for loop.
Solutions to Unsolved Java Programs

Question 1
Write a program to display the Mathematical Table from 5 to 10 for 10 iterations in the given
format:
Sample Output: Table of 5
5*1 = 5
5*2 =10
--------
--------
5*10 = 50

public class KboatTables

{
public static void main(String args[]) {
for (int i = 5; i <= 10; i++)
{
System.out.println("Table of " + i);
for (int j = 1; j <= 10; j++) {
System.out.println(i + "*" + j + " = " + (i*j));
}
}
}
}

Output
Question 2

Write a program to accept any 20 numbers and display only those numbers which are prime.
Hint: A number is said to be prime if it is only divisible by 1 and the number itself.

import java.util.Scanner;

public class Primetocheck

{
public static void main(String args[]) {
Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("Enter 20 numbers");
for (int i = 1; i <= 20; i++) {
int n = in.nextInt();
boolean isPrime = true;
for (int j = 2; j <= n / 2; j++) {
if (n % j == 0) {
isPrime = false;
break;
}
}
if (isPrime)
System.out.println(n + " is a Prime Number");
}
}
}

Output
Question 3

Write a program to compute and display the sum of the following series:
S = (1 + 2) / (1 * 2) + (1 + 2 + 3) / (1 * 2 * 3) + -------- + (1 + 2 + 3 + ----- + n ) / (1 * 2 * 3 *
----- * n)

import java.util.Scanner;

public class Series

{
public static void main(String args[]) {
Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter n: ");
int n = in.nextInt();
double sum = 0.0;
for (int i = 2; i <= n; i++) {
double num = 0.0, den = 1.0;
for (int j = 1; j <= i; j++) {
num += j;
den *= j;
}
sum = sum + (num / den);
}
System.out.println("Sum=" + sum);
}
}

Output
Question 4

Write two separate programs to generate the following patterns using iteration (loop) statements:

(a)

*
* #
* # *
* # * #
* # * # *

public class Pattern

{
public static void main(String args[]) {
for (int i = 1; i <=5; i++) {
for (int j = 1; j <= i; j++) {
if (j % 2 == 0)
System.out.print("# ");
else
System.out.print("* ");
}
System.out.println();
}
}
}
Output

(b)

54321
5432
543
54
5

public class Pattern1

{
public static void main(String args[]) {
for (int i = 1; i <=5; i++) {
for (int j = 5; j >= i; j--) {
System.out.print(j + " ");
}
System.out.println();
}
}
}

Output
Question 5

Write a program to calculate and display the factorials of all the numbers between 'm' and 'n'
(where m<n, m>0, n>0).
[Hint: factorial of 5 means: 5!=5*4*3*2*1]

import java.util.Scanner;

public class Factorial

{
public static void main(String args[]) {

Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.print("Enter m: ");
int m = in.nextInt();
System.out.print("Enter n: ");
int n = in.nextInt();

if (m < n && m > 0 && n > 0) {

for (int i = m; i <= n; i++) {
long fact = 1;
for (int j = 1; j <= i; j++)
fact *= j;
System.out.println("Factorial of " + i + " = " +
fact);
}
}
 else {
System.out.println("Invalid Input");
}

}
}

Output

Question 6

Write a menu driven program to display all prime and non-prime numbers from 1 to 100.
Enter 1: to display all prime numbers
Enter 2: to display all non-prime numbers
Hint: A number is said to be prime if it is only divisible by 1 and the number itself.

import java.util.Scanner;

public class Primenumbers

{
public static void main(String args[]) {
Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
 System.out.println("Enter 1: to display all prime
numbers");
System.out.println("Enter 2: to display all non-prime
numbers");
System.out.print("Enter your choice: ");
int choice = in.nextInt();

switch (choice) {
case 1:
for (int i = 2; i <= 100; i++) {
boolean isPrime = true;
for (int j = 2; j <= i / 2; j++) {
if (i % j == 0) {
isPrime = false;
break;
}
}
if (isPrime)
System.out.println(i);
}
break;

case 2:
System.out.println(1);
for (int i = 2; i <= 100; i++) {
boolean isPrime = true;
for (int j = 2; j <= i / 2; j++) {
if (i % j == 0) {
isPrime = false;
break;
}
}
if (!isPrime)
System.out.println(i);
}
break;

default:
System.out.println("Incorrect Choice");
break;
}
}
}

Output
Question 7

In an entrance examination, students have answered English, Maths and Science papers. Write a
program to calculate and display average marks obtained by all the students. Take number of
students appeared and marks obtained in all three subjects by every student along with the name
as inputs.

import java.util.Scanner;

public class StudentMarks

{
public static void main(String args[]) {
Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter number of students: ");
int studentCount = in.nextInt();
double totalMarks = 0.0;

for (int i = 1; i <= studentCount; i++) {

System.out.println("Enter details of student " + i);
System.out.print("Name: ");
in.nextLine();
String name = in.nextLine();
System.out.print("Marks in English: ");
int engMarks = in.nextInt();
System.out.print("Marks in Science: ");
int sciMarks = in.nextInt();
System.out.print("Marks in Maths: ");
int mathsMarks = in.nextInt();
double avgMarks = (engMarks + sciMarks + mathsMarks)
/ 3.0;
totalMarks += avgMarks;
System.out.println("Average marks of " + name + " =
" + avgMarks);
}

double classAvg = totalMarks / studentCount;

System.out.println("Class Average = " + classAvg);
}
}

Output
Question 8

Write a program to input a number and perform the following tasks:

(a) to check whether it is a prime number or not
(b) to reverse the number
If the number as well as the reverse is also 'Prime' then display 'Twisted Prime' otherwise 'Not a
twisted Prime'.
Sample Input: 167
Sample Output: 167 and 761 both are prime.
It is a 'Twisted Prime'.

import java.util.Scanner;

public class TwistedPrime

{
public static void main(String args[]) {
Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter number: ");
int num = in.nextInt();

if (num == 1) {
System.out.println(num + " is not a twisted prime
number");
}
else {
boolean isPrime = true;
for (int i = 2; i <= num / 2; i++) {
if (num % i == 0) {
isPrime = false;
break;
}
}

if (isPrime) {

int t = num;
int revNum = 0;

while (t != 0) {
int digit = t % 10;
t /= 10;
revNum = revNum * 10 + digit;
}

for (int i = 2; i <= revNum / 2; i++) {

if (revNum % i == 0) {
isPrime = false;
break;
}
}
}

if (isPrime)
System.out.println(num + " is a twisted
prime number");
else
System.out.println(num + " is not a twisted
prime number");
}
 }
}

Output

Question 9

Write programs to find the sum of the given series:

(a) 1 + (1/2!) + (1/3!) + (1/4!) + .......... + (1/n!)

import java.util.Scanner;

public class SeriesSum

{
public static void main(String args[]) {
Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter n: ");
int n = in.nextInt();
double sum = 0.0;
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
long f = 1;
for (int j = 1; j <= i; j++) {
f *= j;
 }
sum += (1.0 / f);
}
System.out.println("Sum=" + sum);
}
}

Output

(b) 1 + (1+2) + (1+2+3) + .......... + (1+2+3+ ...... + n)

import java.util.Scanner;

public class SeriesSum

{
public static void main(String args[]) {
Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter n: ");
int n = in.nextInt();
long sum = 0;
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
for (int j = 1; j <= i; j++) {
sum += j;
}
}
System.out.println("Sum=" + sum);
}
}
Output

(c) 1 + (1*2) + (1*2*3) + .......... + (1*2*3* ...... * n)

import java.util.Scanner;

public class SeriesSum

{
public static void main(String args[]) {
Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter n: ");
int n = in.nextInt();
long sum = 0;
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
int p = 1;
for (int j = 1; j <= i; j++) {
p *= j;
}
sum += p;
}
System.out.println("Sum=" + sum);
}
}

Output
(d) 1 + 1 / (1+2) + 1 / (1+2+3) + .......... + 1 / (1+2+3+.....+n)

import java.util.Scanner;

public class SeriesSum

{
public static void main(String args[]) {
Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter n: ");
int n = in.nextInt();
double sum = 0.0;
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
long term = 0;
for (int j = 1; j <= i; j++) {
term += j;
}
sum += (1.0 / term);
}
System.out.println("Sum=" + sum);
}
}

Output
(e) (1/2) + (1/3) + (1/5) + (1/7) + (1/11) + .......... + (1/29)

public class SeriesSum

{
public static void main(String args[]) {
double sum = 0.0;
for (int i = 2; i < 30; i++) {
boolean isPrime = true;
for (int j = 2; j <= i / 2; j++) {
if (i % j == 0) {
isPrime = false;
break;
}
}
if (isPrime)
sum += 1.0 / i;
}
System.out.println("Sum=" + sum);
}
}

Output
Question 10

Write the programs in Java to display the following patterns:

(a)

1
21
321
4321
54321

public class Pattern

{
public static void main(String args[]) {
for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
for (int j = i; j >= 1; j--) {
System.out.print(j + " ");
}
System.out.println();
}
}
}

Output
(b)

12345
1234
123
12
1

public class Pattern2

{
public static void main(String args[]) {
for (int i = 5; i >= 1; i--) {
for (int j = 1; j <= i; j++) {
System.out.print(j + " ");
}
System.out.println();
}
}
}

Output
(c)

54321
5432
543
54
5

public class Pattern3

{
public static void main(String args[]) {
for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
for (int j = 5; j >= i; j--) {
System.out.print(j + " ");
}
System.out.println();
}
}
}

Output
(d)

13579
1357
135
13
1

public class Pattern4

{
public static void main(String args[]) {
for (int i = 9; i >= 1; i -= 2) {
for (int j = 1; j <= i; j += 2) {
System.out.print(j + " ");
}
System.out.println();
}
}
}

Output
(e)

5
54
543
5432
54321

public class Pattern6

{
public static void main(String args[]) {
for (int i = 5; i >= 1; i--) {
for (int j = 5; j >= i; j--) {
System.out.print(j + " ");
}
System.out.println();
}
}
}

Output
(f)

12345
2345
345
45
5

public class Pattern7

{
public static void main(String args[]) {
for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
for (int j = i; j <= 5; j++) {
System.out.print(j + " ");
}
System.out.println();
}
}
}

Output
(g)

99999
77777
55555
33333
11111

public class Pattern8

{
public static void main(String args[]) {
for (int i = 9; i >= 1; i -= 2) {
for (int j = 1; j <= 5; j++) {
System.out.print(i + " ");
}
System.out.println();
}
}
}

Output
(h)

9
79
579
3579
13579

public class Pattern8

{
public static void main(String args[]) {
for (int i = 9; i >= 1; i -= 2) {
for (int j = i; j <= 9; j += 2) {
System.out.print(j + " ");
}
System.out.println();
}
}
}

Output
(i)

9
97
975
9753
97531

public class Pattern9

{
public static void main(String args[]) {
for (int i = 9; i >= 1; i -= 2) {
for (int j = 9; j >= i; j -= 2) {
System.out.print(j + " ");
}
System.out.println();
}
}
}

Output
(j)

1
23
456
7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15

public class Pattern10

{
public static void main(String args[]) {
int term = 1;
for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
for (int j = 1; j <= i; j++) {
System.out.print(term++ + " ");
}
System.out.println();
}
}
}

Output