‫‪Made by‬‬

‫)‪Mohamed Abdel Monsef (Monsef‬‬

‫‪Karim Raafat Gad- Elkarim‬‬

‫‪R3S’ 23‬‬

‫دعواتك بقى بالتوفيق لينا عشان تعبنا في التجميع جامد و لو‬

‫في أي غلطة في إجابة سؤال فده وارد عادي إحنا بشر و كلنا‬
‫بنغلط و ربنا يوفقك‬
1) What does Axial Skeleton consists of:
A. Skull
B. Vertebral Column
C. Ribs and Sternum
D. All of the above
Answer: D

2) Name the longest and heaviest bone of the body?

A. Femur
B. Fibula
C. Tibia
D. Ilium
Answer: A

3) Name the only movable bone in the skull of man?

A. Ethmoid bone
B. Mandible bone
C. Nasal bone
D. Lacrimal bone
Answer: B

4) Name the thinnest bone of human body?

A. Stapes
B. Malleus
C. Incus
D. Fibula
Answer: A
5) In adults, which of the following represents a set of fused bones?
A. temporal bone
B. femur
C. radius
D. sacral bone
Answer: D

6) Which of the following pathways correctly follows the flow of

nutrients needed by the osteocytes in compact bone?
A. Osteocytes lacuna diffusion through the canaliculi blood vessels in
central canals blood vessels in periosteum & endosteum general
circulation
B. Blood vessels in central canals blood vessels in periosteum &
endosteum diffusion through the canaliculi lucane osteocyte
C. Blood vessels in periosteum & endosteum blood vessels in central
canals diffusion through the canaliculi lacuna osteocyte
D. Osteocytes lacuna blood vessels in central canals diffusion
through the canaliculi blood vessels in periosteum & endosteum
general circulation
Answer: C

7) Bones are a type of

A. muscle tissue.
B. cartilage.
C. Epithelial tissue.
D. connective tissue.
Answer: D
8) When bone growth (lengthening) stops
A. The cartilage of each epiphyseal plate is replaced by bone and is
called the epiphyseal line.
B. the cartilage of each epiphyseal plate is replaced by bone and is
called the periosteum.
C. The bone of each epiphyseal plate is replaced by cartilage and is
called the articular cartilage.
D. the bone of each epiphyseal plate is replaced by cartilage and is
called the endosteum.
Answer: A

9) Bone remodeling
A. Is essential for maintaining blood calcium levels
B. continues throughout the lifespan of the individual
C. is controlled by the actions of Parathyroid Hormone, and
Calcitonin.
D. All of these are true of bone remodeling.
E. is accomplished by the actions of the osteoclasts and osteoblasts
Answer: D

10) The skeletal system helps maintain homeostasis by

A. acting as a calcium buffer and storage site.
B. acting as a phosphate buffer and storage site.
C. All these aid in maintaining homeostasis.
D. acting as an energy buffer and storage site
Answer: C

11) The functions of the skeletal system include all of the following
EXCEPT:
A. support and protection
B. blood cell production
C. transport of materials via its fluid matrix
D. movement and leverage
Answer: C

12) The interconnecting rods or plates of bone in spongy bone are

called
A. haversian systems.
B. trabeculae.
C. haversian canals.
D. osteocytes.
Answer: B

13) A condition that produces a reduction in bone mass sufficient to

compromise normal function is __________.
A. osteitis
B. osteomyelitis
C. osteoporosis
D. osteopenia
Answer: C

14) During fetal development, intramembranous ossification takes

place in __________.
A. lamellae
B. the center of the epiphysis
C. fibrous connective tissue membranes.
D. cartilage
Answer: C

15) Mary is 50 years old. During a checkup, a bone scan reveals that
portions of her skeleton show signs of osteoporosis. After reviewing
the test results, her physician suggests hormone therapy. What
hormone is prescribed for Mary?
A. calcitonin
B. thyroid hormone
C. parathyroid hormone.
D. estrogen
Answer:

16) The canal that runs through the core of each osteon contains:
A) red marrow
B) cartilage and lamellae
C) yellow marrow and Sharpeyʹs fibers
D) osteoclasts and osteoblasts
E) blood vessels and nerve fibers
Answer: E

17) Articulations permitting only slight degrees of movement are

__________, whereas articulations permitting no movement are
called __________.
A) amphiarthroses; synarthroses
B) amphiarthroses; diarthroses
C) diarthroses; amphiarthroses
D) diarthroses; synarthroses
E) synarthroses; amphiarthroses
Answer: A
18) What type of cell does parathyroid hormone (PTH) activate:
A) periosteum
B) lacunae
C) osteoblast
D) osteocyte
E) osteoclast
Answer: E

19) Which of the following is correct of the female pelvis when

comparing it with the male pelvis:
A) the distance between the female ischial spines is greater
B) the angle of the female pubic arch is smaller
C) the female pelvis as a whole is deeper, and the bones are heavier
and thicker
D) the female iliac bones are less flared
E) the distance between the female ischial tuberosities is less
Answer: A

20) All of the following facial bones are paired except one. Which of
the following is the unpaired facial bone:
A) maxillae
B) lacrimal
C) zygomatic
D) palatine
E) vomer
Answer: E
21) In adults, the function of the yellow marrow is to:
A) decrease friction at joint surfaces
B) store adipose tissue
C) form blood cells
D) store calcium and phosphorus
E) cause lengthwise growth in long bones
Answer: B

22) The hyoid bone is unique because:

A) it has no specific function
B) it largely consists of cartilage
C) it has an unusual shape
D) it is covered with mucosa
E) it is the only bone of the body that does not directly articulate
with any other bone
Answer: E

23) What kind of tissue is the forerunner of long bones in the

embryo:
A) dense fibrous connective tissue
B) hyaline cartilage
C) fibrocartilage
D) elastic connective tissue
E) loose fibrous connective tissue
Answer: B

24) The sternum is the result of fusion of three bones called the:
A) ischium, ilium, coccyx
B) true ribs, manubrium, xiphoid process
C) manubrium, body, xiphoid process
D) jugular notch, sternal angle, xiphisternal joint
E) pubis, ischium, ilium
Answer: C

25) The bone cells within lacunae receive nourishment from blood
vessels through passageways called:
A) perforating canals
B) medullary cavities
C) lamellae
D) Haversian canals
E) canaliculi
Answer: E

26) A shallow, basin-like depression in a bone often serving as an

articular surface is a:
A) meatus
B) foramen
C) fossa
D) sinus
E) groove
Answer: C

27) The factor(s) that determine where bone matrix is to be

remodeled is (are):
A) sex hormones
B) stresses of gravity and muscle pull on the skeleton
C) calcium level of the blood
D) growth hormone
E) parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Answer: B

28) The axial skeleton contains:

1. skull
2. arms and legs
3. ribs and sternum
4. vertebrae
5. pelvic girdles
A) 1, 2, 3, 5 B) 1, 3, 4 C) 1, 3, 4, 5 D) 2, 5 E) 2, 3, 4, 5
Answer: B

29) The most important minerals stored in bones are:

A) calcium and iron
B) calcium and potassium
C) sodium and potassium
D) calcium and phosphorus
E) sodium and phosphorus
Answer: D

30) Bone formation can be referred to as:

A) osteoarthritis
B) gout
C) osteoporosis
D) ossification
E) rickets
Answer: D

31) Which of the following bone categories is composed of two

layers of compact bone sandwiching a layer of spongy bone between
them:
A) flat bone
B) irregular bone
C) compact bone
D) long bone
E) sesamoid bone
Answer: A

32) Which of the following is a function of the skeletal system?

A. Haemopoiesis
B. Haemostasis
C. Peristalsis
D. Glycogenolysis
Answer: A

33) Which bone is most superior?

A. Manubrium
B. Occipital bone
C. Cervical vertebra #3
D. Patella
Answer is B
34) Which bone of the head has a synovial joint?
A. The sphenoid
B. The maxilla
C. The mandible
D. The hyoid
Answer is C

35) Which of the following is NOT a depression or cavity on a bone?

A. Tuberosity
B. Facet
C. Meatus
D. Sinus
Answer is A

36) One of the following lists contains only bones in the

appendicular skeleton. Which one?
A. Patella, ethmoid, femur, coccyx, tibia
B. Clavicle, fibula, metatarsal, phalange, radius
C. Humerus, scapula, occipital, metacarpal, sternum
D. Ulna, radius, phalange, mandible, coxal
Answer is B

37) What is contained within the medullary canal of a long bone?

A. Trabeculae
B. Lamellae
C. Marrow
D. Osteoblasts and osteoclasts
Answer is C
38) Where is the epiphyseal plate of a long bone located?
A. In the diaphysis
B. Between the diaphysis and the epiphysis
C. In the epiphysis
D. In the medullary canal
Answer is B

39) In which structure are osteoclasts and osteoblasts found?

A. In the periosteum
B. In the Haversian canals
C. In the lacunae of osteons
D. In the trabeculae of osteons
Answer is A

40) Choose the correct sentence. Compact bone contains

A. Lamellae and osteocytes but no osteons.
B. Trabeculae, canaliculi and osteons.
C. Haversian systems and canaliculi but no osteons.
D. Osteons and lamellae but no trabeculae.
Answer is D

41) The formula for the inorganic salts in bone is

A. NH6C3COOH
B. C6H12O6
C. Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2
D. CH3(CH2)7CH=CH(CH2)7COOH
Answer is C
42) Which of the listed bones is the most inferior?
A. Ethmoid
B. Sphenoid
C. Femoid
D. Hyoid
Answer is D

43) Choose the correct sentence. Cancellous bone contains

A. Lamellae and osteocytes but no trabeculae.
B. Trabeculae, canaliculi and osteons.
C. Haversian systems and canaliculi but no osteons.
D. Trabeculae and lamellae but no osteons.
Answer is D

44) The appendicular skeleton includes all of the following EXCEPT

one. Which one?
A. The pectoral girdle
B. The thoracic cage
C. The phalanges
D. The lower limbs
Answer is B

45) Synovial joints have all of the following features EXCEPT one.
Which one?
A. Are surrounded by an articular capsule
B. Have synovial fluid filling the space between articulating bones
C. Have synovial membrane covering the articulating bone surfaces
D. Are supported by reinforcing ligaments
Answer is C

46) The manubrium and the xiphoid process are located on which
part of the
skeleton?
A. The lower jaw
B. The sternum
C. The pelvis
D. The hand
Answer is B

47) The axial skeleton groups together which sets of bones?

A. The arms and hands, the legs and feet, shoulder girdle and pelvic
girdle
B. The head, shoulder girdle, arms and hands
C. The thoracic cage, vertebral column, shoulder girdle, the pelvic
girdle, the
skull and facial bones
D. Bones of the skull and face, thoracic cage and vertebral column
Answer is D

48) The appendicular skeleton groups together which sets of bones?

A. The arms and hands, the legs and feet, shoulder girdle and pelvic
girdle
B. The head, shoulder girdle, arms and hands
C. The thoracic cage, vertebral column, shoulder girdle, the pelvic
girdle, the
skull and facial bones
D. Bones of the skull and face, thoracic cage and vertebral column
Answer is A

49) Compact bone differs from spongy (cancellous) bone because

compact bone
A. Does not contain osteons
B. Is used to form short bones
C. Contains marrow
D. Has Haversian canals
Answer is D

50) The functions of bones may be stated as

A. Fat storage, movement, mineral storage, protection, blood cell
formation
B. Mineral storage, haemopoiesis, movement, leverage, protection
C. Blood cell formation, hormone production, movement, support,
protection
D. Support, storage, movement, haemopoiesis, protection
Answer is D

51) What is true of synovial joints? They

A. Are also known as amphiarthroses
B. All have an articular disc to aid shock absorption
C. Have a fluid-filled space between the articulating bones
D. Have articulating bones held together by cartilage
Answer is C

52) The tibia articulates distally with which one of the following?
A. Tarsals
B. Metatarsals
C. Phalanges
D. Femur
Answer is A

53) What is the purpose of the foramen magnum of the occipital

bone?
A. It allows passage for the optic radiation to reach the occipital
lobe.
B. It supports the cerebellum.
C. The spinal cord passes through it to connect to the brain.
D. It allows the brainstem to connect with the spinal cord.
Answer is C

54) Where can red marrow be found in the adult?

A. In the pelvis, sternum and ribs
B. At the epiphyseal ends of long bones such as the radius, ulna and
tibia
C. In the pelvis, sternum, ribs and the proximal ends of the humerus
and femur
D. In the medullary cavity of long bones
Answer is C

55) How many bones in total that are proximal to the ankles are
counted as being in
the lower limbs?
A. 4
B. 6
C. 8
D. 12
Answer is C

56) What is the significance of the lumbar curve of the spine?

A. It allows the torso to twist about a vertical axis.
B. It places the body’s centre of gravity above the feet to enable a
standing posture.
C. It places the head’s centre of gravity above the atlas vertebrae so
that the head may be held level.
D. It allows the torso to bend forwards to pick up objects from the
ground.
Answer is B

57) What is the physical function(s) performed by synovial fluid?

A. It forms a film that keeps the articulating surfaces of bone from
touching.
B. It provides nutrients to the cells in cartilage and removes their
waste.
C. It removes the heat generated by friction when the joint is in
continuous use.
D. It lubricates the movement of articulating bones and distributes
the pressure evenly across the joint.
Answer is D

58) What is the biological function(s) performed by synovial fluid?

A. It forms a film that keeps the articulating surfaces of bone from
touching.
B. It provides nutrients to the cells in cartilage and removes their
waste.
C. It removes the heat generated by friction when the joint is in
continuous use.
D. It lubricates the movement of articulating bones and distributes
the pressure evenly across the joint.
Answer is B

59) Which one of the following disorders of the skeletal system

results from the "wearing out" of the cartilage that covers the ends
of bones?
A) bursitis
B) osteoarthritis
C) tennis elbow
D) rheumatoid arthritis
E) sinusitis
Answer: B

60) In which one of the following locations would one find a

cartilaginous joint?
A) between the frontal and parietal bones
B) in a hinge joint
C) between the lower ribs and sternum
D) between the scapula and humerus
E) in a ball-and-socket joint
Answer: C

61) Which one of the following statements is TRUE regarding fibrous

joints?
A) They are freely movable and can bend and rotate.
B) The bones are separated by a fluid-filled cavity that lubricates the
joint.
C) Fibrous joints present at birth between bones of the skull develop
into sutures in the adult.
D) The bones are held together by cartilage and tendons.
E) They include hinge joints and ball-and-socket joints.
Answer: C

62) Which one of the following lists the bones of the arm from the
fingertips to the shoulder joint?
A) humerus, radius and ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges
B) phalanges, metacarpals, carpals, radius and ulna, humerus
C) phalanges, carpals, metacarpals, radius and ulna, humerus
D) phalanges, metacarpals, carpals, humerus, radius and ulna
E) radius and ulna, humerus, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges
Answer: B

63) Each of the following bones is part of the axial skeleton EXCEPT
which one?
A) ribs
B) vertebrae
C) sternum
D) maxilla
E) clavicle
Answer: E

64) Which one of the following bones articulates with the metatarsal
bones?
A) phalanges
B) fibula
C) patella
D) tibia
E) femur
Answer: A

65) Which one of the following is the correct classification of

vertebrae, from the skull to the pelvis?
A) sacral, coccygeal, lumbar, thoracic, cervical
B) cervical, thoracic, lumbar, coccygeal, sacral
C) cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal
D) coccygeal, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, cervical
E) coccygeal, thoracic, lumbar, cervical, sacral
Answer: C

66) All of the following statements about the sinuses are TRUE
EXCEPT which one?
A) The sinuses are located in several of the facial bones.
B) The sinuses are lined by a tissue that produces and secretes
mucus.
C) The sinuses give the human voice its characteristic resonance and
tone.
D) The sinuses add weight and bulk to the skull and facial bones,
strengthening them.
E) The sinuses connect to the nasal cavity by small passageways.
Answer: D

67) Which one of the following separates neighboring vertebrae and

also functions as shock absorbers?
A) ribs
B) palatine bones
C) intervertebral disks
D) intravertebral disks
E) osteons
Answer: C

68) A young man is brought to an emergency room; his diagnosis is a

broken cheek bone. Which one of the following bones has been
affected?
A) zygomatic
B) mandible
C) frontal
D) sphenoid
E) temporal
Answer: A

69) When a bone breaks, a(n) ________ forms until later being
replaced with bone.
A) cyst
B) growth plate
C) hematoma
D) callus
E) pore
Answer: D

70) Osteoporosis is a common condition that essentially results

when homeostasis cannot be maintained in ________ and
________.
A) osteoclasts, osteoblasts
B) osteoblasts, osteons
C) chondroblasts, osteoclasts
D) canaculi, chondroblasts
E) canaculi, osteoclasts
Answer: A

71) Bones continue to lengthen throughout childhood and

adolescence because
A) a growth plate is present in each epiphysis until the late teens
B) the production of cartilage for a lengthening bone occurs
primarily on the inside of the growth plate
C) ossification cannot occur until after puberty
D) primary ossification occurs until death
E) the activity of osteoblasts cannot be reduced until adulthood
Answer: A

72) Arrange in the proper sequence the following events as they

occur in the ossification of a long bone.
1. Chondroblasts die, and the surrounding matrix breaks down.
2. Osteoblasts secrete osteoid.
3. Blood vessels transport osteoblasts into the area to be ossified.
4. Chondroblasts create a model of long bones from cartilage.
5. Osteoblasts become osteocytes.
A) 3, 2, 5, 4, 1
B) 4, 1, 3, 2, 5
C) 4, 1, 5, 3, 2
D) 5, 2, 3, 1, 4
E) 3, 2, 1, 5, 4
Answer: B
73) In characterizing cartilage, which one of the following is
CORRECT?
A) Cartilage is found where support under pressure is required.
B) All types of cartilage are produced by osteocytes.
C) Cartilage functions to link muscles to bone.
D) Cartilage fibers make up ligaments.
E) Cartilage is flexible due to a spongy network of trabeculae.
Answer: A

74) Bones are connected to other bones across a joint by

A) ligaments
B) tendons
C) osteocytes
D) cartilage
E) trabeculae
Answer: A

75) Which one of the following statements CORRECTLY describes the

location of compact bone and spongy bone?
A) Spongy bone is located at the ends, and compact bone is located
in the core of the shaft of the bone.
B) Compact bone covers the ends of the bone and forms the shaft,
and spongy bone is inside the
ends, under the compact bone.
C) Spongy bone is found on the outside of the shaft, and compact
bone forms the hard core of the shaft.
D) Spongy bone is found throughout the shaft and ends, covered by
a thin layer of compact bone.
E) The ends of long bones are solid compact bone, and the shaft is
predominantly spongy bone.
Answer: B

76) Which one of the following statements is TRUE regarding bone?

A) The epiphysis of a long bone is filled with yellow bone marrow.
B) Bone is not considered to be a living tissue because it does not
contain cells or blood vessels.
C) Dense compact bone is located in the center of a long bone.
D) Stem cells responsible for the production of blood cells are
located in red bone marrow.
E) The outer surface of a bone is covered with loose connective
tissue.
Answer: D

Use the figure to answer the following questions:

77) epiphysis
Answer: A

78) diaphysis
Answer: B

79) location of red bone marrow

Answer: A

80) location of yellow bone marrow

Answer: B
Use the figure to answer the following questions:

81) Structure A is______.

A) scapula
B) phalanges
C) metatarsals
D) radius
Answer: A

82) Structure B is______.

A) scapula
B) phalanges
C) Humerus
D) radius
Answer: C

83) Structure C is______.

A) scapula
B) phalanges
C) Humerus
D) radius
Answer: D

84) Structure D is______.

A) scapula
B) phalanges
C) Humerus
D) radius
Answer: B

Use the figure to answer the following questions:

85) Label E represents the ________

A) femur
B) tibia
C) patella
D) humerus
Answer: A

86) Label F represents the ________

A) femur
B) tibia
C) patella
D) humerus
Answer: C

87) Label G represents the ________

A) femur
B) tibia
C) patella
D) humerus
Answer: B