HIGHER EDUCATION PROGRAMMES

Academic Year 2023: January – June

Summative Assessment 1: Applied Research Methods (HAPR300-1)
NQF Level, Credits: 6, 14
Weighting: 50%
Assessment Type: Examination
Stationery: Black/Blue Pen
Pass Requirement: 50%
Educator: Trevor Modise
Examiner: Donnay Manuel
Date: 6 June 2023
Total: 70 Marks
Time: 2 Hours
Instructions

1. This examination script consists of Five (5) pages, including the cover sheet. Ensure
that you have all the pages.

2. This examination consists of one section only: (Essay-Type Questions)

3. There are five (5) questions – all need to be answered. Please use your own words
as far as possible. Note the mark allocation and answer accordingly.

4. No answers in pencil will be marked.

5. Good Luck!

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 Question 1 (13 marks)
Read the case study below and answer the questions that follow.
A research study's participants are expected to answer a set of structured questions by
selecting different response options. These response options require participants to read the
statements and choose only one of the following response options per statement: “not at all
agree”, agree” “somewhat agree” or “totally agree”.

The research is undertaken in a group setting, where the researcher is administering it in an

effort to yield a high response rate.

1.1 Identify and briefly discuss the data collection technique in the case study above.
(8 marks)

1.2 In light of the data collection method identified in question 1.2, identify and briefly
discuss how it is being administered. Provide one (1) example from the case study to
motivate your answer. (5 marks)

Question 2 (24 marks)

Read the case study below and answer the questions that follow.
A research team is interested in the lived experiences of people residing in low-income
communities in South Africa. The team will utilise a data collection technique that will allow
the participants to lead the interview and allow the interview to flow like a conversation.

2.1 Identify and briefly discuss the qualitative data collection technique utilised in the case
study. Provide two (2) examples from the case study to motivate your answer.
(10 marks)

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 2.2 With reference to the data collection technique identified in question 2.1, provide three
(3) disadvantages of utilising this technique. (3 marks)

2.3 Think about building rapport with participants and the role it plays within the data
collection process.

Do you think building rapport with participants is equally as important when collecting
quantitative data as it is for collecting qualitative data? Motivate your answer. (3 marks)

2.4 An interview schedule can be divided into four (4) sections. Identify and briefly discuss
the purpose of each section. (8 marks)

Question 3 (11 marks)

Read the research interest below and answer the questions that follow.
Clicks are interested in knowing whether there is a correlation between gender and the
purchase of perfumes for Mother’s Day.

3.1 Identify and explain the data analysis conducted for this study. (7 marks)

3.2 Formulate a null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis for the research interest above.
(2 marks)

3.3 Consider the results for the abovementioned research demonstrates a P-value of p =
0.004. Provide an interpretation of this result. (2 marks)

Question 4 (16 marks)

4.1 Study the scenarios in Column A and match each to the correct Ethical Consideration
that is under question in Column B. (5 marks)
COLUMN A COLUMN B
4.1.1 Mark, a researcher conducting A. Non-maleficence
research on risky sexual behaviour and well-

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 being, has reached an ethical dilemma. One
of the participants has told Mark that he is
HIV-positive and that he has multiple sex
partners. Mark is finding it challenging to
stay silent about it and feels that he has an
obligation to tell someone.
4.1.2 A research team is interested in B. Beneficence
knowing whether an energy drink influences
levels of energy of individuals or whether a
placebo effect causes it. While all
participants are told they are given the
energy drink in a cup, only certain people are
given the actual energy drink and others are
given a cold drink.
4.1.3 A research institution focuses on C. Anonymity
researching common diseases such as
diabetes to help people and, ultimately the
more significant, whole population.
4.1.4 A researcher collecting data can tell D. Confidentiality
that the patient feels uncomfortable with the
research questions. As such, the researcher
stops the questions and reminds the
participant that she is allowed to withdraw
from the research at any point of the
research process if she is experiencing any
discomfort.
4.1.5 Before conducting research, the E. Deception
researcher maintains that no one will know
the identity of the participants.

4.1 In your own words, identify two (2) reasons why it is vital to follow ethical principles.
(2

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 marks)

4.2 You are training young researchers and teaching them about the dissemination of
research findings and the importance of identifying the target audience.

Briefly explain why publishing on a journal article is not the best way to disseminate
research findings to the layman or public. In addition, provide two (2) alternative ways
to disseminate research to the public. (2 + 2 = 4 marks)

4.3 Considering the dissemination of research findings. Do you think it is an ethical

obligation for researchers to disseminate the research to the research participants?
Motivate your answer. (6 marks)

Question 5 (5 marks)
Read the statements relating to ethics and research below and answer the following questions.

5.1 Ethics is relative to each person or culture, so there is no absolute ‘right’ or ‘wrong’.

5.1.1 Is the statement above True or False? (1 mark)

5.1.2 Provide an explanation (if the statement is true) or a correction (if the statement
is false) supporting your choice. (4 marks)
Total: 70 marks

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