UNIVERSITY OF THE EAST

LIMNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE
TSU CIVIL CONSTRUCTION
APPLIED DRAWING
BOLIVAR STATE

ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING

TEACHER: MEMBERS:
JESUS NATERA JOSE RIVAS
ANDRIS MEDINA

CAICARA DEL ORINOCO, JULY 22, 2018

 INDEX:
Introduction …………………………………………………………………….……… 03
Architectural Drawing .…………………………………………………………… 04
Standard views used in architectural drawing ……………… 07
Elements of Architectural Drawing …………………………………….… 11
Architectural Symbolism ………………………………………………….….. 12
Conclusion ……………………………………………………………………………… 14
Bibliography ……………………………………………………………………………. 15
 Introduction:
Architectural drawing is the subject that deals with the graphic
expression of the project, that is, this subject is responsible for
physically showing the architect's work. Architectural drawing is not
just about drawing up the project on paper, which would be
relatively easy. In an architectural project, each of the shapes, lines
and bodies that you project must have a meaning.

In this course we will study the ways in which architecture

communicates, paying special attention to the meanings of the
different symbols that architectural art uses to express its message.
It is expected that, upon completion of the course, you will be
equipped with the basic tools to decipher the messages conveyed
by architectural works.

1. ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING
 Drawing is the delineation or figure that is carried out on a
surface with the intention, generally, of representing an image.
Architectural, on the other hand, is that which is linked to
architecture: the specialty oriented towards the design and
construction of buildings.
An architectural drawing, therefore, is a graphic that aims to
achieve the representation of a work of architecture. This is a
technical drawing since it is made by an expert who provides the
necessary data to analyze, design, build and/or maintain the object
in question.

There are
various types of
architectural drawings. Architectural plans, for example, are
diagrams developed from an aerial perspective to show how spaces
are distributed on a given level of a building. These architectural
drawings can be compared to a map.
From a technical point of view, architectural drawing allows
us to represent a horizontal section of a building (by convention,
this “slice” is made at a height of one meter above ground level),
which allows us to see the walls, doors and windows, among other
parts of the level in question.
For things below ground level, there is the plan view, which
includes the floor, fixtures, stairs specific to the level of the plan,
and in some cases, furniture as well. Anything above, such as ceiling
beams, is usually represented with dotted lines.
A site plan is one that shows the access routes and the limits
of the building, as well as other structures (individual or grouped)
that are close to it, if they are relevant to the design.
In the context of a project planned in an urbanized area, this
type of architectural drawing offers the possibility of indicating the
nearest streets and the way in which the building would adapt to
the design of the urbanization. Regarding the site where the work
will be carried out, the vision is not detailed but general. Other
buildings, parking spaces, gardens and paths, among other things,
can also be proposed in this plan.
If the plan focuses on a specific area of the building, the
architectural drawing is called a detail plan. It shows a small and
large-scale part of the project, to indicate how all the elements will
fit together.
The detail drawing can also be used to specify other data,
such as decorations, especially of complex parts of the
construction, such as windows, ridges, eaves or adarajas (the
denticles present in the lateral interruption of a wall), which cannot
be clearly represented in a general drawing.

The elevation, for

its part, is the architectural
drawing that enables the

representation of a façade. This type of graph is used to describe

the external appearance of the building, either from the front or
from one of its sides, and is the most common type of architectural
drawing in these cases.
The name of an elevation is based on the direction of the
cardinal points; for example, the south elevation of a building is the
side that faces south. In terms of geometry, the elevation is a
horizontal orthographic projection on a vertical plane, generally
parallel to one of the sides.
Three-dimensional representations, orthogonal projections
and even animations are part of the field of architectural drawing,
which can be developed freehand, with the help of different tools
or by computer. Its purpose is always to achieve a realistic
representation.
 2. Standard views used in architectural drawing
An architectural plan is the most basic graphic representation,
a top view that shows the layout of spaces in the building in the
same way as a map, reflecting the layout at a particular level of a
building.
Technically, it is a horizontal section through a building
(conventionally, one meter above ground level), showing the walls,
window openings, doors and other parts at that level.
The plan view includes everything that can be seen below that
level: the floor, stairs (only up to the plan level), fixtures, and even
furniture. Objects above the plan level (for example, ceiling joists)
are usually indicated with dotted lines.
The plan is a geometric view that is defined as a vertical
orthographic projection of the object on a horizontal plane, located
cutting the construction.
 Location plan
A site plan is a specific type of plan, showing a building or group
of buildings and their surroundings. A site plan shows property
boundaries, access areas, and nearby structures if relevant to the
design.
For a project in a built-up area, the site plan serves to show the
nearby streets and how the building fits into the urban design.
Within the site boundaries, the site plan provides an overview.
Existing and proposed buildings (if any), roads, parking lots, paths,
gardens and tree planting are indicated.
 For a construction project, the site plan must also show the
connections of all services: drainage and sewer lines, water,
electricity and communications networks, outdoor lighting, etc.
Site plans are used to represent a construction proposal prior to
final design: the development of a site plan is a tool for deciding
both the location layout, size and orientation of proposed new
buildings.
A site plan is used to verify that the proposal complies with local
development regulations, including landmark restrictions.

 Raised
An elevation is a view of
a building from the
front or from the
side. It is a flat
representation of a facade. This is the most common way used to
describe the external appearance of a building. Each elevation is
named in relation to the direction of the cardinal points; for
example, the north elevation of a building is the side that faces
north. Buildings are rarely rectangular in plan, so a typical elevation
may show all parts of the building as seen from one direction.
Geometrically, an elevation is a horizontal orthographic projection
of a building onto a vertical plane, which is usually parallel to one
side of the building.
Architects also use the word elevation as a synonym for facade, so
the north facade is literally the north elevation of the building.
A section, also called a cutting plane, is the graphic representation
of a vertical plane that cuts the object, in the same way that a floor
plan is a horizontal section, seen from the top.
In the section, everything is cut by the section plane. The sectioned
perimeter is drawn with a thick line, often with a solid fill to show
the objects being cut. The unsectioned area is drawn with a thinner
line. Sections are used to describe the relationship between
different levels of a building.
In the section shown here, the upper dome and a second lower
dome are visible. In the space between the two there is an
astronomical telescope.
A section elevation is a combination of a cross section with
elevations of other parts of the building, viewed beyond the section
plane.
Geometrically, a cross section is a horizontal orthographic
projection of a building onto a vertical plane, with the vertical
cutting plane lying through the building.
 Detail Drawings
Detail drawings
show a small part of
the construction
(on a large scale), to
specify how the
various architectural elements fit together.
They can also be used to display other details, such as decorative
elements. The detail drawing is a standard way of showing the
building's construction elements and usually shows complex areas
(such as wall framing with partitions, window areas, eaves or ridge)
that cannot be clearly shown on a general building drawing.
A complete set of construction details must show the various
details in plan as well as in section. A detail is rarely represented in
isolation: a data set shows the information needed to understand
the construction in three dimensions. Typical scales for details are
1/25, 1/10, 1/5 or 1/1 actual size.
In traditional construction many details are standardized. For
example, the construction of a sash window is left to the carpenter,
who fully understands what is required, although the decorative
details of the façade require detailed plans. In contrast, large
modern buildings have to be fully detailed due to the proliferation
of different products, methods and their possible solutions.
3. Elements of the architectural project
When preparing an architectural project, there are a number of
elements that must be present, including a set of specific drawings
intended to illustrate the different construction aspects. Among the
elements of architectural drawing we include structural,
foundation, construction, topographic, electrical, sanitary and
section plans. Perspectives and different views of the finished work
are also included. In addition to the shapes of the buildings, the
architectural drawing also shows their purpose, requirements,
environment, materials and finishes. Structural plans: contain the
structural elements of the building such as beams and pillars.
Foundation plans: include the foundations and the characteristics
of the terrain. Construction plans: these represent the walls,
windows, ceilings, and finishes.
 Topographic plans: contain all the characteristics of the land on
which construction will take place. They are a prerequisite of the
design, as they determine the floor levels of the building.

 Electrical installation plans: contain all electrical installations and

their connection to the network. Sanitary plans: they deal with
 everything related to water supply and evacuation of used
liquids.

 Section and cut plans: show sections of the building in which

construction details and their location in the building are shown.
Perspectives are freehand drawings in which mixed techniques
of artistic drawing and drawing with instruments are used, such
as the use of perspective, etc.

4. Architectural Symbolism
Set of elements, lines, nomenclatures and acronyms, which
together help in the drawing and interpretation of a plan.
Among the internationally recognized nomenclature are: axis
symbol, axis line, wall line, projection line, cutting line, graphic
scale, floor plan levels, elevation levels, level change, cutting line,
cutting symbol, dimensions, among others.
 The elements that create atmosphere and help determine
habitable areas or spaces include: human scale, furniture,
vegetation, accessories and textures.

Conclusion
Today's world is booming with creative ideas and innovative
styles. Architectural drawing is one of the most important tools
when presenting an architectural project. A building is an
expression of the architect's creativity. It is also an effort by the
contractors, together with their entire team, to turn imagination
into reality. This drawing needs to have a clear understanding of
the overall layout, measurements (or dimensions), height and so
on, so the team can work together with the plan. Therefore
architects often rely on CAD architectural drawings that convey all
these details without much confusion. Architectural drawing not
only serves as a model for the final idea, but also constitutes a
common point from which all parties involved in the project can
work. Nowadays there are multiple alternatives to present or graph
an architectural project, there are a variety of programs that have
all the features and tools necessary for graphics to be
understandable to everyone.
Architectural drawing, in addition to helping with the visual
understanding of objects, contributes to communicating ideas in
any of the development phases of a design, thereby demonstrating
its most relevant aspect of communication.
This communication potential of drawing is evident from the
beginning of a project, from the initial phase when the first
sketches are made and preliminary ideas are communicated,
promoting this initial communication, the confrontation of
opinions, initiating research work and also increasing the design
proposals of all kinds.
This communication function that Technical Drawing has, not
only helps in the creation of ideas but also provides the
dissemination and information about them.
The characteristics of this communication of graphic language
is that it is objective, and that it allows a continuous and permanent
dialogue between the designer engineer, manufacturer and the
user. To achieve this, a set of conventions and standards are
established that characterize the specific language of Technical
Drawing, giving it that objective, reliable and universal character.

Literature
 https://definicion.de/dibujoarquitectonico/

 https://es.scribd.com/doc/82518161/Dibujo-Arquitectonico
 https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dibujo_arquitect%C3%B3nico

 http://www.artesaniasymanualidades.com/decoracion/el-
dibujo-arquitectonico.php

 https://www.arqhys.com/contenidos/el-dibujo-
arquitectonico.html