SAMUEL SIERRA

mkkTopic: World War I (1914-1918)

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CONTEXTUALIZATION
(Connection to immediate past)
KEY CONCEPTS America in the World WOR Diplomatic, Migration and Settlement MIG
economic, cultural, and military interactions Push and pull factors shape immigration to and
between empires, nations, and peoples shape migration within America, and the demographic
the development of America and America’s change as a result of these moves shapes the
increasingly important role in the world. migrants, society, and the environment.
TERM DEFINITION (when, where, who, what) Class Notes
SIGNIFICANCE (How & Why?)
 Central Powers  Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy
made up the Central Powers. The
Triple Alliance was their original
 Kaiser Wilhelm II name.
 During the First World War, he
served as the Kaiser of Germany. To
compete with Britain, he pushed for a
more assertive foreign policy through
the use of colonies and a robust fleet.
His acts made pre-1914 Europe even
more tense.
 The German Unterseeboot, or
"undersea boat," gave rise to German
submarines, which proved lethal for
 u-boats Allied ships in the conflict area.
Attacks by U-boats were a significant
factor in bringing the United States
into the First World War.
 Allies  The victorious allied nations of
World War I and World War II.
In World War I, the Allies
included Britain, France, Italy,
Russia, and the United States.
 Lusitania  a British passenger ship that was
lost, by a German submarine.
Dead were 128 Americans. The
sinking significantly shifted
American opinion against the
Germans and aided the country's
decision to enter the war.
 intercepted communication in
which German foreign minister
 Zimmermann Telegram Arthur Zimmerman urged Mexico
to support the Central Powers and
pledged that if the United States
 Sussex Pledge joined the conflict, Germany
would assist Mexico in regaining
control of Texas, New Mexico, and
 Unrestricted Submarine Arizona
Warfare  Germany made a proclamation
which led to a change in naval
strategy. It was reported that
commerce ships would not be
targeted unless they were armed,
and that U-boats would not target
 passenger ships.
 Unrestricted submarine warfare is
the act of attacking and destroying
any kind of enemy shipping,
whether it be military or
commercial.
 Jeanette Rankin  First female member of Congress and
the first woman elected to the US
House of Representatives.
 Term used to describe women who
began working during the industrial
era after learning about the economic
and social opportunities. type writers,
telephones.

 “Hello Girls”

 Mobilization  The act of assembling and making

both troops and supplies ready for
war.
 George Creel  He was the leader of the United
States Committee on Public
Information, a propaganda group
 Bernard Baruch established by President Woodrow
Wilson during World War I, as
well as an investigative journalist
and politician.
 To cope with the economic chaos,
the head of the war industries
board tried to put some structure
on American war manufacturing.

“Over There” Lyrics  People believed that the US would

only send economic aid and
weaponry because of the lyrics
"over there" in a well-known song
of his.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B6hRDS3LvQQ
 Espionage and Sedition Act  For criticizing the government or the
war effort, a person could face fines or
imprisonment under the Espionage
and Sedition Acts. These activities
have the advantage of streamlining
war production and getting rid of
roadblocks to the war effort.
 a 1919 ruling affirming a socialist's
conviction who had advised young
men to avoid the draft during World
War I. According to Justice Holmes,
the government has the right to censor
 Schenck V. U.S. speech if it poses a "clear and present
threat" of serious harms.

Selective Service Act  The Selective Service Act. All men

between the ages of 21 and 30
were required to register for the
military draft under a law that
Congress established in 1917.
 Herbert Hoover  President of the United States. He was
a Republican who ran on a platform of
freedom and success. The United
 "Voluntarism" States experienced unprecedented
prosperity in the early years of his
presidency.
 “Wheatless Wednesdays”  Hoover argued that this approach,
rather than political influence, was the
only way to achieve a socially
 “meatless Tuesday” responsible economic system.
 One strategy to preserve food was the
optional meatless Tuesday.
 “Liberty Gardens”  "Liberty gardens" are used to increase
food production and reduce the
 “gasless Thursdays” demand on the food supply.
 N/A

 Doughboys  Nickname given to the American

Expeditionary Force that took
part in the later years of World
 John J. Pershing War One. We're inexperienced.
 In 1916, US commander Pershing
oversaw the fight against
"Pancho" Villa.
 Fourteen Points  The Fourteen Points were a set of
guiding ideals for peace that were
to be utilized in talks to put an end
 League of Nations to World War I.
 President Wilson included the
League of Nations as his
 Article X fourteenth objective. He suggested
the League as a global institution
for maintaining peace, 1919
Treaty of Versailles, which
concluded World War I.
 Under the Treaty of Versailles,
Article X of the League of Nations
Covenant obligated signatories to
safeguard the political
independence and territorial
integrity of each member state. It
sparked the strongest opposition
to the treaty's passage in the U.S.
Senate.
 Henry Cabot Lodge  Republican senator and head of
the Senate Foreign Relations
Committee Henry Cabot Lodge
 “reservationist” opposed the Versailles Treaty. He
largely disagreed with the clause
requiring the League to defend a
 “irreconcilables” member under attack.
 Henry Cabot Lodge's faction is in
charge. They would agree to the
Treaty of Versailles provided
certain clauses, particularly
Article X of the League of Nation
Covenant, were removed or
modified.
 Republicans predominantly in the
Senate were those who rejected
the Treaty of Versailles regardless
of their concerns. They were
fervent isolationists who opposed
any role for America as a global
superpower.
 Treaty of Versailles  Germany and the Allies signed the
Treaty of Versailles, which
officially put an end to World War
 “reparations” One. The terms of the treaty
required that Germany pay
financial reparations, disarm, lose
territory, and give up all its
overseas colonies.
 Germany was required to pay
fines to the Allies as part of the
Treaty of Versailles to reimburse
them for the costs of the war. It
was opposed by the United States
and soon caused a deep depression
in Germany.

COMPLEXITY POINT Readings:

Amsco Chapter:
Pageant Chapter:
 HELPFUL REVIEW VIDEOS BY HEIMLER

PERIOD 7 (1898-1945)
World War I
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yxr8hOp3fB0