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Spectroscopy

Spectroscopy is the study of light's interaction with materials, helping identify substances and their properties. Filters, including absorptive and dichroic types, control which wavelengths of light pass through, with various special filter types serving specific purposes. Spectra, including absorption and emission types, allow scientists to analyze materials and predict their characteristics based on light behavior.

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Spectroscopy

Spectroscopy is the study of light's interaction with materials, helping identify substances and their properties. Filters, including absorptive and dichroic types, control which wavelengths of light pass through, with various special filter types serving specific purposes. Spectra, including absorption and emission types, allow scientists to analyze materials and predict their characteristics based on light behavior.

Uploaded by

redotamessaging
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Spectroscopy

Spectroscopy is the study of how light interacts with materials. It helps us understand things like
which colors (wavelengths) are absorbed, reflected, or emitted by different substances. This
knowledge is used in science to identify materials and study their properties.

Filters

Filters control which colors (wavelengths) of light pass through them. Here’s a breakdown of the
different types:

1. Absorptive Filters
○ Made of glass or plastic with chemicals that absorb specific colors of light.
○ Example: Sunglasses that block harmful UV rays.
2. Dichroic Filters (Interference Filters)
○ Use tiny reflective layers to cancel out certain colors using a trick called
destructive interference.
○ Very precise and used in labs for scientific experiments.
○ More delicate and expensive than absorptive filters.

Special Filter Types

● Long-Pass Filter
○ Lets longer wavelengths (like red) pass through and blocks shorter ones (like
blue).
○ Example: Filters for infrared cameras.
● Short-Pass Filter
○ Lets shorter wavelengths (like blue) pass through and blocks longer ones (like
red).
○ Example: UV filters for photography.
● Bandpass Filter
○ Lets through a specific range of wavelengths (like just green light).
○ Combines long-pass and short-pass filters.
● Monochromatic Filter
○ Only allows one color of light to pass.
○ Example: Filters used in laser experiments.
● Infrared Filter
○ Two types:
■ Infrared-Passing: Lets infrared light through (used in night vision
cameras).
■ Infrared Cut-Off: Blocks infrared light (used in projectors).
● Ultraviolet Filter
○ Blocks UV light while letting visible light through.
○ Common in cameras to reduce haze and protect the lens.
● Neutral Density Filter
○ Reduces all light evenly, making everything dimmer.
○ Example: Used in photography to take long-exposure shots during the day.
● Polarizer Filter
○ Blocks light based on its direction of vibration (polarization).
○ Example: Polarized sunglasses reduce glare from water or roads.

Spectra

A spectrum is like a fingerprint for light interacting with a material. By studying spectra, scientists
can identify what a material is made of and learn about its structure.

1. Absorption Spectrum
○ Shows which colors are absorbed by a material.
○ Example: Used to study the composition of stars by analyzing the light they
absorb.
2. Emission Spectrum
○ Shows which colors are emitted by a material when it is excited (like when it’s
heated).
○ Example: Used to identify gases in space by the light they emit.

How Absorption and Emission Spectra Work Together

● Absorption and emission spectra are like opposites.


● If you know one, you can theoretically predict the other.
● Scientists use these spectra to study stars, gases, and even tiny molecules in detail.

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