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SM1 Midterm Lab Exam Reviewer

The document outlines key figures in the discovery and understanding of DNA, including Friedrich Miescher, Phoebus Levene, Rosalind Franklin, and others. It highlights significant contributions such as the identification of DNA components, the double-helix structure, and the principles of genetic inheritance. Additionally, it mentions the historical context of genetic theories and the relationship between DNA and diseases.

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17 views1 page

SM1 Midterm Lab Exam Reviewer

The document outlines key figures in the discovery and understanding of DNA, including Friedrich Miescher, Phoebus Levene, Rosalind Franklin, and others. It highlights significant contributions such as the identification of DNA components, the double-helix structure, and the principles of genetic inheritance. Additionally, it mentions the historical context of genetic theories and the relationship between DNA and diseases.

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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Midterm Laboratory Examination SM1 Genetics Reviewer

Genetic Engineering
PROMINENT PIONEERS IN THE DISCOVERY OF DNA
FRIEDRICH MIESCHER
 First scientist who identified nuclein in the nuclei of human White Blood Cells.
 Isolated a purer form of nuclein from salmon sperm. These nucleins are now known as the DNA.
PHOEBUS LEVENE
 A Russian-American Biochemist who identified the DNA components.
 1929, he distinguished DNA from RNA when he identified that RNA contains ribose sugar, while
DNA contains deoxyribose sugar.
ROSALIND FRANKLIN
 In 1952, she produced two sets of high-resolution photographs of DNA fibers using X-ray
Crystallography.
ERWIN CHARGAFF
 In 1950, he made 2 major findings regarding NUCLEIC ACIDS.
 First, the CHARGAFF’S RULES, states that in any double-stranded DNA molecule, the number of
GUANINE is equal to the number of CYTOSINE and the number of ADENINE is always equal to
the numbers of THYMINE.
 The composition of DNA varies between species.
JAMES WATSON
 In 1953, using the available X-RAY DATA PROVIDED by Rosalind Franklin and MODEL BUILDING,
Watson and Crick discovered the double-helix structure of DNA.
ANDRE BOIVIN
 Along with Collete and Roger Vendrely, they found that THE NUCLEI OF GERM CELLS contained
only HALF OF THE AMOUNT OF DNA than that of somatic cells.
 It demonstrated that the GENETIC CONTENT was CONSISTENT THROUGH ALL CELLS IN THE
BODY, and within a member of the SAME species.
 The basis of this constancy came from the process of GAMETOGENESIS.
FRANCIS CRICK
 In April 1953, Watson and Crick published a paper outlining their DNA double-helical structure in
the scientific journal “NATURE”.
 They were awarded the Noble Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1962.
ARISTOTLE
 He believed in the “THEORY OF PANGENESIS” which described HOW THESE TRAITS COULD BE
PASSED ON THE OFFSPRING.
 Particles called “gemmules” enclosed these traits and allowed them to be transmitted to
reproductive cells.
SIR ARCHIBALD EDWARD GARROD
 In 1902, he was the first person to relate Mendel’s theories with a human disease.
 He collected information from the history of his patients and later worked with William Bateson.
 He concluded that Alkaptonuria is a recessive disorder.
OSWALD AVERY
 In 1944, he identified DNA as the “Transforming Principle” during his experiments on the
bacterium responsible for Pneumonia.
 He discovered that if a live but harmless form of bacteria is mixed with a lethal form, the harmless
bacteria would soon become deadly because of nucleic acid.

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