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Electromagnetic spectrum notes

The electromagnetic spectrum encompasses a range of wavelengths and frequencies, classified by increasing wavelength and excitation type. Each part of the spectrum has specific applications, including radio waves for communication, microwaves for radar and cooking, infrared for medical and meteorological uses, visible light for observation, ultraviolet for sterilization and forensic analysis, X-rays for medical diagnostics, and gamma rays for nuclear studies and cancer treatment. All electromagnetic waves travel at the speed of light, and their properties are determined by wavelength.

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21 views2 pages

Electromagnetic spectrum notes

The electromagnetic spectrum encompasses a range of wavelengths and frequencies, classified by increasing wavelength and excitation type. Each part of the spectrum has specific applications, including radio waves for communication, microwaves for radar and cooking, infrared for medical and meteorological uses, visible light for observation, ultraviolet for sterilization and forensic analysis, X-rays for medical diagnostics, and gamma rays for nuclear studies and cancer treatment. All electromagnetic waves travel at the speed of light, and their properties are determined by wavelength.

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itund123ggrey
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Electromagnetic spectrum covers a wide range of wavelengths (or) frequencies.

The whole electromagnetic spectrum has been classified into different parts and
sub parts, in order of increasing wavelength and type of excitation.

NOTE; All electromagnetic waves travel with the velocity of light.


The physical properties of electromagnetic waves are determined by their
wavelength and not by their method of excitation.

Uses of electromagnetic spectrum.


The following are some of the uses of electromagnetic waves.

1. Radio waves:
These waves are used in radio and television communication systems. AM
band is from 530 kHz to 1710 kHz.
Higher frequencies upto 54 MHz are used for short waves bands.

Television waves range from 54 MHz to 890 MHz. FM band is from 88 MHz to
108 MHz. Cellular phones use radio waves in ultra high frequency (UHF) band.
2. Microwaves :
Due to their short wavelengths, they are used in radar communication system.
Microwave ovens are an interesting domestic application of these waves.

3. Infra red waves :


(i) Infrared lamps are used in physiotherapy.
(ii) Infrared photographs are used in weather forecasting.
(iii) As infrared radiations are not absorbed by air, thick fog, mist etc, they are
used to take photograph of long distance objects.
(iv) Infra red absorption spectrum is used to study the molecular structure.

4. Visible light :
Visible light emitted or reflected from objects around us provides information
about the world. The wavelength range of visible light is 4000 Å to 8000 Å.

5. Ultra−violet radiations
(i) They are used to destroy the bacteria and for sterilizing surgical instruments.
(ii) These radiations are used in detection of forged documents, fingerprints in
forensic laboratories.
(iii) They are used to preserve the food items.
(iv) They help to find the structure of atoms.

6. X rays :
(i) X rays are used as a diagnostic tool in medicine.
(ii) It is used to study the crystal structure in solids.

7. γ−rays :
Study of γ rays gives useful information about the nuclear structure and it is
used for treatment of cancer

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