Basic Occupational Safety & Health

Name: __________________________ Course/Block: _________ Date: _________ Score:__________

Basic Safety Rules and Measures

FUEL OXYGEN
B. Fire Safety
Fire - Rapid oxidation with the evolution of light and heat.

Fire Triangle
Fuel – can be any combustible material HEAT
Oxygen – in sufficient quantities, combine with the fuel for combustion to occur.
Heat – energy necessary to raise the temperature of the fuel and the oxygen to a point at which they will react
together.

Common sources of Heat

 Overloaded electrical system  Hot surfaces  Electrical spark
 Open flames  Friction
 Smoking / cigarette butts  Cutting / welding

Some Facts About Oxygen

 Gaseous element in air at 21% by volume. It is essential for respiration..
 At 16% concentration, combustion is slowed down and will eventually diminish.
 At 23% concentration, the atmosphere is considered oxygen enriched and fire will intensify.

Class Examples Pictogram

(1) A paper, wood, or plastic

(2) B Oil, gasoline, alcohol, grease, oil – based paints

(3) C Appliances, power tools, motors, electrical panels

(4) D Magnesium, Sodium, Potassium

(5) K Combustible vegetable or cooking fats

The Burning Process (Stages of Fire Development)

PHASE FIGURE CHARACTERISTICS

Materials reach their ignition

(6)
temperatures and a fire is started.

Fire begins to grow spreading chain

Growth of reaction resulting in an increase
in size.
All the contents within the
(7) perimeter of the fire’s boundaries
are burning.
Fire will extinguish itself, when the
Decay
fuel or oxygen supply is exhausted.

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 Basic Occupational Safety & Health
Name: __________________________ Course/Block: _________ Date: _________ Score:__________

Importance of Fire Safety

 (8) ______________ - The primary goal of fire safety efforts is to protect building occupants from injury
and to prevent loss of life.
 (9) ______________- The secondary goal of fire safety is to prevent property damage.
 (10) _________________ - By preventing fires and limiting damage we can assure that work operations will
continue.

Principles Of Fire Prevention And Control

 Provision of Hot Work Permit System

 Practice safe storage of chemicals
Prevent the (11) ______________  Never overload a power outlet
 Smoke only in designated smoking areas
 Correct all defective wiring systems
 A complete protective signaling and control system including fire
Provide for (12) ______________ detection, alarm and communication
 Fire Alarms, Detectors, annunciators
 Compartmentation
Prevent the (13) _____________  Fixed Fire Protection System
 Sprinklers, Hydrants, Fire Hose/ Fire Hose Cabinets
 Removal of Fuel
Provide for Prompt Extinguishment  Excluding or Limiting Oxygen Cooling
 By Interrupting the Chain Reaction
Provide for Prompt and Orderly  Fire emergency evacuation route maps/evacuation plans
Evacuation  Working/active fire brigade team/ emergency response team

Using Portable Fire Extinguisher

P.A.S.S. - PULL - (14) __________ - SQUEEZE - SWEEP
 Start approximately 6-8 feet from the fire then squeeze the trigger slowly while moving towards the fire
 10-lb fire extinguishers lasts only 10-20 seconds. It should be used correctly.
 When the fire is extinguish, stop pulling the trigger. In the event of a re-ignition, at least there would still be
contents inside the unit.
 Ensure that you have an escape path in case the fire is not extinguished

Fire Safety Program

 Fire Detection and Alarm System  Hot work permit system
 First Aid Fire Protection System  Fire Safety Training
 Fixed Fire Protection System  Conduct of drills
 Fire Exit Doors, Fire Exit Signs, directional arrows  Working/active fire brigade team/ emergency
 Fire emergency evacuation route response team
maps/evacuation plans  Working/updated Emergency Response Plans
 (15) ___________ and (16) ____________  Compliance to standards (OSHS, Fire Code)
system of fire detection, alarm, control and
suppression systems.

C. MACHINE SAFETY
Hazards Associated With Machines
 Exposed machine parts  Noise
 Work piece movement  Projectile hazards

Effects Of Machine Related Accidents

 Can result to severe injuries.  Loss in productivity.
 Loss of trained and skilled employee.  Damaged equipment.

Machine Safety

 Safeguarding any machine part that may cause injury. It is the prevention of accidents when working with
machines.

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 Basic Occupational Safety & Health
Name: __________________________ Course/Block: _________ Date: _________ Score:__________

 Prevents:
 Loss of life  Equipment damage and repairs
 Severe accidents or serious injury  Having time spent on accident investigation
 Loss of production and other statutory requirements.

Machine Guards
 (17) _______ are barriers that prevent entry of an individual’s hands or other body parts into a hazard area.
 Installed to minimize the risk of injury to machine operators or other persons from hazardous machine
parts, materials being processed, or scrap.

Requirements For Machine Guards

 Prevent employee contact with hazardous  Create no new hazards
moving parts  Must not interfere with worker productivity
 Secured and durable  Should allow for proper and safe maintenance
 Prevent falling materials into moving parts and lubrication

Category Of Machine Guards

 Preventing Access  Preventing Dangerous Motion
 Fixed enclosing guards  Photoelectric light curtains/Presence
 Movable Guards with interlocking switches sensing device
 Adjustable Guards  Two hand controls
 Manually adjustable  Pullback devices
 Self-adjusting  Restraint device

(18) ______________/Tag-out System (Loto)

The standard for the control of hazardous energy sources which covers maintenance of
machines in which the unexpected start up of machines or release of stored energy could cause injury to
employees.

Machine Safety Program

 An effective Machine Safety Program must have  Compliance to regulatory requirements and
the following: standards (e.g. mechanical permits, OSHS, etc)
 Equipment/Machine inspection and maintenance  Implementation of LOTO system.
program.  Having a machine operation and safety
 Installation of safety devices (guards, relief procedures.
valves, provision for LOTO, interlocks, limit  Machine alarm and warning signal system.
switches, etc)  Equipment/machine safety signages.
 Application of Job hazard Analysis

SAFETY IN MATERIAL HANDLING & STORAGE

 (19) ___________________, a technique which includes the art of lifting, placing, storing or moving of
materials through the use of appropriate handling equipment and men.
 (20) ___________________, is the of lifting, transporting and packaging of products using own physical
strength. Hand operated handling, transporting and packaging of products.
 (21) ___________________, pertains to more rigid, powered and non-powered mechanics mainly for
handling bulky and heavy items

Hazards Associated with Materials Handling

 Failure of the lifting equipment  Collision
 Falling load  Trapped between objects

Manual Handling – Mistakes That Cause Injuries

 Bending Back  Lifting to one side
 Twisting with load  Off – balance shifting
 Attempting to much weight (load too heavy)  Failure to use personal PPE, such as gloves,
 Reaching too far safety shoes

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