The Indian Express Editorial – By English Madhyam 27 Jan 2025

Express View on Republic Day

For the world’s largest democracy, the celebrations and commemorations of 75 years of being a
republic are a reminder of what lies alongside, and that which endures. While elections are a
democracy’s way of renewing itself every five years, Republic Day is a reminder of the constitutional
pact that mirrors and forms the constant common ground. It is the space that is not defined by the
winners, nor can it be overturned by them. It is the shared commitment to the values and rules of the
game that hold out the possibility of today’s losers becoming tomorrow’s winners. Despite the
unabashed conceits of those who win the election and seek to conquer all — look at how the newly
elected leader of the world’s most powerful democracy issues order after order in the manner of a
Pakistan General’s attempts to erase and remake everything in his image — in spite of the sometimes
overwhelming pessimism of those who lose, and notwithstanding the cynicism of voters who think all
is lost, January 26 comes every year as a countervailing idea and a restorative message.

Republic Day also brings a moment to celebrate the acts of ordinary individuals, not just the winners or
losers of power, who constitute the republic and reclaim it in so many ways, not just by voting. In this
paper, a series begun on January 26 revisits some of the landmark cases that have helped to reshape
the republic, and expand its spaces. These cases are a testimony to the power of the individual, and
also to the independent institution, the Court, that can make it writ large, ensure that it is seen and
heard. The first report in the series recalls the 1950 Romesh Thapar vs State of Madras ruling that
came after an editor of a magazine that had been banned by the government challenged the decision
and sought a remedy from the highest court. If the SC ruling, then, drew on the newly adopted
Constitution that guaranteed individual freedoms, it continues to guardrail free speech, including press
freedom, even now. The underlying reasoning still resonates — that laws curbing freedoms must be
narrowly tailored and that such laws will be scrutinised by a vigilant court to protect the individual
against Executive arbitrariness and excess. It’s this spirit that’s also violated when 10 Opposition MPs
are summarily suspended, as they were on Friday, for allegedly disrupting a Parliamentary panel
meeting on changes in the Waqf law.

That’s why January 26 is a reminder of the need for a different vocabulary and language. Not one that
sees every election as a do-or-die, all-or-nothing fight-to-the-finish, but which frames it as one among
many contestations and transitions in a large and diverse country. This is a republic of incomplete
victories and defeats, no full stops or clean slates, and it offers many meeting points for parties and
forces that are otherwise facing off across a dividing line. On January 26, and on the days after, the
nation must collectively acknowledge a binding republicanism, and renew its pledge to retrieve its lost
meanings. [Practice Exercise]

 Red/blue coloring of words in the sentence indicates subject verb relationship; where ‘red’
denotes ‘subject’ and ‘blue’ denotes ‘verb’.

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 The Indian Express Editorial – By English Madhyam 27 Jan 2025

Vocabulary
1. Commemoration (noun) – celebration, 12. Seek (verb) – pursue, strive for, search for,
tribute, remembrance, observance, attempt, aim
honouring
13. Conquer (verb) – overcome, defeat,
2. Reminder (noun) – cue, prompt, vanquish, subdue, triumph over /
recollection, hint, memory jogger

14. In spite of (phrase) – despite, regardless

3. Lie (verb) – rest, reside, exist, be situated, of, even though, notwithstanding,
remain although

4. Endure (verb) – persist, last, withstand, 15. Overwhelming (adjective) – overpowering,

survive, sustain / intense, immense, crushing, enormous
/
5. Pact (noun) – agreement, treaty, accord,
contract, deal 16. Pessimism (noun) – negativity, despair,
hopelessness, gloom, cynicism
6. Mirror (verb) – reflect, resemble, replicate,
echo, imitate 17. Notwithstanding (Preposition) – despite,
although, even though, regardless of,
7. Overturn (verb) – reverse, annul, nullify, however
invalidate, abolish /
18. Cynicism (noun) – skepticism, distrust,
8. Commitment (noun) – dedication, disbelief, suspicion, negativity
obligation, devotion, allegiance, promise
19. Countervailing (adjective) – opposing,
balancing, compensating, offsetting,
9. Hold out (phrasal verb) – offer, extend, counteracting
present, propose, persist /
20. Restorative (adjective) – healing,
revitalizing, renewing, rejuvenating,
10. Unabashed (adjective) – unashamed, bold, invigorating
brazen, confident, unapologetic
21. Reclaim (verb) – recover, retrieve, regain,
11. Conceit (noun) – arrogance, vanity, pride, restore, repossess
self-importance, egotism

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 The Indian Express Editorial – By English Madhyam 27 Jan 2025

22. Revisit (verb) – reconsider, review, 34. Tailor (verb) – customize, adapt, modify,
reexamine, rethink, return to adjust, alter

35. Scrutinise (verb) – examine, inspect,

23. Landmark (adjective) – historic, significant, analyze, investigate, review
monumental, groundbreaking, crucial
36. Vigilant (adjective) – watchful, alert,
attentive, cautious, observant
24. Space (noun) – area, field, domain, scope,
37. Arbitrariness (noun) – randomness,
room
capriciousness, inconsistency,
25. Testimony (noun) – evidence, proof, unpredictability, subjectivity
statement, declaration, affirmation
38. Excesses (noun) – extremes,
overindulgence, surplus, extravagance,
26. Writ (noun) – order, decree, summons,
overuse
mandate, document

39. Allegedly (adverb) – reportedly,

27. Ruling (noun) – decision, judgment,
supposedly, apparently, as claimed,
verdict, decree, pronouncement
ostensibly
28. Draw (on) (verb) – rely on, utilize, refer to,
40. Do-or-die (phrase) – critical, make-or-
depend on, base upon
break, desperate, all-or-nothing, life-or-
29. Guardrail (verb) – protect, safeguard, death -
secure, uphold, fortify
41. All-or-nothing (adjective) –
30. Underlying (adjective) – fundamental, uncompromising, extreme, absolute,

basic, implicit, hidden, core complete, total

31. Reasoning (noun) – logic, argumentation, 42. Fight-to-the-finish (phrase) – decisive

struggle, last stand, final battle, ultimate
analysis, rationale, justification
contest, intense competition
32. Resonate (verb) – echo, reverberate,
43. Contestation (noun) – debate, dispute,
connect, strike a chord, harmonize
argument, contention, conflict
33. Curb (verb) – restrain, control, limit,
restrict, suppress

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 The Indian Express Editorial – By English Madhyam 27 Jan 2025

44. Transition (noun) – change, shift, 47. Republicanism (noun) – democratic values,
evolution, progression, transformation constitutionalism, civic ideology,
representative government, republican
ideals
45. Clean slate (phrase) – fresh start, new
beginning, reset, tabula rasa, new chapter 48. Pledge (noun) – promise, vow,
ई commitment, assurance, guarantee /

46. Acknowledge (verb) – recognize, accept,

admit, concede, affirm 49. Retrieve (verb) – recover, regain, reclaim,
get back, recapture

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 The Indian Express Editorial – By English Madhyam 27 Jan 2025

Summary of the Editorial Based

1. Celebrating Democracy: Republic Day is a reminder of India's journey as the world's
largest democracy, commemorating 75 years as a republic.
2. Renewal of Constitutional Values: Unlike elections, which renew democracy every five
years, Republic Day highlights the enduring constitutional pact that binds the nation.
3. Constitution as a Common Ground: The Constitution provides a shared space that
cannot be overridden by election winners, ensuring fairness and equality.
4. Hope for Transition: It emphasizes the possibility of today's losers becoming tomorrow's
winners, fostering optimism and inclusivity.
5. Counterbalance to Extremes: Republic Day serves as a counter to the arrogance of
those in power and the pessimism or cynicism of voters.
6. Celebration of Ordinary Citizens: Beyond leaders, Republic Day acknowledges the
contributions of ordinary individuals who sustain the republic in various ways.
7. Significant Legal Cases: A series of landmark cases is revisited to showcase how
individuals and institutions have shaped and expanded the republic.
8. Role of Judiciary: The judiciary, as an independent institution, plays a crucial role in
safeguarding constitutional freedoms and individual rights.
9. Romesh Thapar Case: The 1950 case established the importance of free speech and
press freedom, serving as a milestone in protecting individual liberties against executive
overreach.
10. Guarding Freedoms: The principle that laws restricting freedoms must be narrowly
defined and subject to judicial scrutiny remains vital.
11. Recent Violations: The suspension of 10 Opposition MPs highlights ongoing challenges
to democratic principles and the need to safeguard republican values.
12. Language of Democracy: The editorial calls for a shift from viewing elections as absolute
battles to seeing them as part of a broader democratic process.
13. Acceptance of Incompleteness: The republic is characterized by incomplete victories
and defeats, emphasizing dialogue over division.
14. Unity in Diversity: Republic Day underscores the importance of bridging divides and
finding common ground in a diverse nation.
15. Renewing Commitment: On January 26 and beyond, the nation must collectively
reaffirm its republican principles and strive to restore their true meaning.

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 The Indian Express Editorial – By English Madhyam 27 Jan 2025

Practice Exercise: SSC Pattern Based

1. What is the tone of the passage? [Editorial Page]
A. Reflective and Encouraging
B. Pessimistic and Hopeless
C. Aggressive and Vindictive
D. Purely Celebratory
2. What is the primary message conveyed by the passage regarding Republic Day?
A. Republic Day is primarily about celebrating electoral victories.
B. Republic Day reflects the shared commitment to democratic values and constitutional
principles.
C. Republic Day signifies the triumph of winners over losers in the political game.
D. Republic Day is only about historical achievements of the republic.
3. Which historical case is mentioned in the passage as an example of the judiciary upholding
constitutional freedoms?
A. Kesavananda Bharati vs State of Kerala
B. Maneka Gandhi vs Union of India
C. Romesh Thapar vs State of Madras
D. Golaknath vs State of Punjab
4. What is the antonym of "arbitrariness" as used in the passage?
A. Unpredictability
B. Fairness
C. Partiality
D. Tyranny
5. Based on the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. January 26 emphasizes the need to uphold Executive authority over individual freedoms.
B. The suspension of Opposition MPs is an example of reinforcing republicanism
C. The passage advocates for elections as a do-or-die, all-or-nothing contest.
D. The SC ruling on Romesh Thapar vs State of Madras advocates for laws curbing freedoms
to be scrutinized narrowly
6. Select the most appropriate phrasal verb to fill in the blank.
Mohan ____________ the charge of Centre for Life Skills from Mustafa.
A. took out
B. took through
C. took off
D. took over
7. Identify the sentence that provides the meaning of the given idiom.
Under the cloud
A. The classmates were dancing together under the rain.
B. The driver was under suspicion after the police found blood on his car.

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 The Indian Express Editorial – By English Madhyam 27 Jan 2025

C. The Red fort looks beautiful amidst the cloudy weather and cold atmosphere.
D. It was the best place to sit under the sky with hands full of food.
8. Choose the option that can substitute the underlined segment correctly and complete the
meaning of the sentence.
Bajrang is in extreme Pain in his teeth.
A. Ache
B. Agony
C. Hurt
D. Sting
9. Select the INCORRECTLY spelt word.
A. Nocturnal
B. Repulcive
C. Scoreboard
D. Irrespective
10. Select the most appropriate ANTONYM of the word 'Unsure' from the given sentence.
Himanshi is preparing customised gifts and handicrafts for surprising Mehul on his
retirement, but the date is not certain yet.
A. date
B. certain
C. customised
D. Handicrafts
11. Select the most appropriate ANTONYM of the underlined word.
He was acquitted of all the charges in the court today.
A. Conformed
B. Discharged
C. Praised
D. Convicted
12. Select the most appropriate ANTONYM of the underlined word.
Her modest behaviour was appreciated by everyone in the assembly.
A. distant
B. unpresuming
C. conceited
D. Obvious
13. Select the most appropriate synonym of the word given in brackets to fill in the blank.
She looked ______________ (luminous) in the diamond necklace.
A. impudent
B. strident
C. transcendent
D. Resplendent
14. Select the most appropriate meaning of the given idiom.
Once in a blue moon

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 The Indian Express Editorial – By English Madhyam 27 Jan 2025

A. Very ancient
B. Very colorful
C. Very rare
D. Very high
15. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in passive voice.
Who teaches her geography?
A. By who geography is taught to her?
B. By whom she is taught geography?
C. By whom is she taught geography?
D. By whom was she taught geography?
16. Sentences of a paragraph are given below in jumbled order. Arrange the sentences in the
correct order to form a meaningful and coherent paragraph.
A. Because of the region's scorching heat and aridity, a considerable amount of water
evaporates.
B. As a result, the salt and other minerals become increasingly concentrated.
C. lt is then unable to exit the lake and is forced to evaporate.
D. The Dead Sea is one of the saltiest bodies of water on the planet, with about ten times
the salt content of typical saltwater.
E. This is because water flows into the Dead Sea from a single primary tributary, the Jordan
River.
A. DECAB
B. DCBAE
C. DEABC
D. DACEB
17. Sentences of a paragraph are given below in jumbled order. Arrange the sentences in the
correct order to form a meaningful and coherent paragraph.
A) Bauxite is used as a main raw material for the production of aluminium.
B) Precipitation is a pre-final stage for actual production.
C) Sodium aluminate is acquired in the next step.
D) The smelting process actually extracts aluminium as a final product from its oxide
A. ABCD
B. ACBD
C. DCAB
D. ADCB
18. Sentences of a paragraph are given below in jumbled order. Arrange the sentences in the
correct order to form a meaningful and coherent paragraph.
A. She dashed from one side to the other, taking care not to destroy the lovely flowers in
the garden.
B. Karen took a stroll in a lovely garden full of tulips and butterflies.
C. She discovered a swing constructed of tree branches behind a large bush.

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 The Indian Express Editorial – By English Madhyam 27 Jan 2025

D. Karen went onto the swing without hesitation and began swinging, causing the wind to
dishevel her hair.
E. The small girl adored the outdoors and relished the breeze blowing through her hair
A. BEACD
B. DBCAE
C. BDECA
D. BDCAE
19. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in passive voice.
Who broke my glasses?
A. Who had broken my glasses?
B. Who is breaking my glasses?
C. By whom were my glasses being broken?
D. By whom were my glasses broken?
20. Select the correctly spelt option that can substitute the underlined word in the given
sentence.
Her duel attitude misguides everyone.
A. daul
B. deul
C. dual
D. dwell
Comprehension:
In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and
select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
Posters are (1) __________ to promote a brand or pass {2). ___________ important
information. They can be used for {3) ____________ purposes ranging from telling people to
be cautious as the floor is wet, to informing them about an upcoming sale or event. They
usually include a picture (4) ______________very few words. A suitable {5)
________________ makes a poster effective and memorable.
21. Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank no. 1.
A. use
B. uses
C. being use
D. Used
22. Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank no. 2.
A. away
B. on
C. for
D. to
23. Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank no. 3.
A. little
B. varied

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 The Indian Express Editorial – By English Madhyam 27 Jan 2025

C. much
D. Similar
24. Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank no. 4.
A. nor
B. and
C. yet
D. Also
25. Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank no. 5.
A. caption
B. anticipation
C. quotation
D. caution

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 The Indian Express Editorial – By English Madhyam 27 Jan 2025

Answers
1. A 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. D 6. D 7. B 8. B 9. B 10. B 11.D
12. C 13. D 14.C 15.C 16.A 17.B 18.A 19.D 20.C 21.D 22.B
23. B 24.B 25. A [Practice Exercise]
Explanations
1. A) Reflective and Encouraging
The passage thoughtfully examines Republic Day’s deeper meaning and encourages reaffirming
constitutional values. It reflects on shortcomings but remains optimistic about the enduring
principles of democracy.
A: The passage criticizes certain attitudes but ultimately remains hopeful and does not
surrender to despair.
C: While it critiques misuse of power, the tone is neither hostile nor revengeful.
D: The passage does celebrate Republic Day but also highlights challenges and the need for
reflection, so it is not purely celebratory.
2. B) Republic Day reflects the shared commitment to democratic values and constitutional
principles.
The passage emphasizes Republic Day as a reminder of the constitutional pact and democratic
values that provide a shared commitment, irrespective of winners or losers in elections. It
highlights the enduring significance of these principles.
A: Incorrect, because the passage explicitly states that Republic Day is not about celebrating
electoral victories but about constitutional principles.
C: Incorrect, as the passage counters the notion of triumph of winners over losers, instead
focusing on shared values and the potential for change.
D: Incorrect, because while historical achievements are acknowledged, the focus is more on
enduring values and individual contributions.
3. C) Romesh Thapar vs State of Madras
The passage specifically refers to the Romesh Thapar vs State of Madras case from 1950, which
dealt with a magazine editor challenging a ban, and highlights how the Supreme Court ruling
upheld individual freedoms and press freedom under the newly adopted Constitution.
A: Incorrect, as this case pertains to the basic structure doctrine but is not mentioned in the
passage.
B: Incorrect, as this case focuses on personal liberty under Article 21 but is not referenced in the
passage.
D: Incorrect, as this case is about amending fundamental rights, which is unrelated to the events
mentioned in the passage.
4. B) Fairness

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 The Indian Express Editorial – By English Madhyam 27 Jan 2025

The word "arbitrariness" refers to decisions made without reason or logic, often unjustly. Its
antonym, "fairness," signifies impartiality, justice, and reasoned decision-making, which directly
contrasts with arbitrariness.
A. Unpredictability: While arbitrariness may sometimes involve unpredictability, it does not fully
capture the concept of reasoned fairness.
C. Partiality: Partiality refers to bias or favoritism, which is closer in meaning to arbitrariness
rather than being its opposite.
D. Tyranny: Tyranny involves oppressive rule or control, which, although unjust, is not the
opposite of arbitrariness.
5. D) The SC ruling on Romesh Thapar vs State of Madras advocates for laws curbing freedoms to
be scrutinized narrowly.
The passage highlights that the Supreme Court ruling stressed that laws curbing freedoms must
be narrowly tailored and scrutinized to protect individual rights.
A: This is false; the passage stresses safeguarding individual freedoms against Executive
overreach.
C: This is false; the passage discourages such a combative view of elections, advocating for
inclusiveness instead.
B: This is false; the passage cites this as an example of violating republican principles.
6. D) 'took over' का प्रमोग होगा क्मोंकक ऩूये संदबभ भें , sentence भोहन का Centre for Life Skills की
जजम्भेदायी Mustafa से संबारने का संकेत कय यहा है। "took over" इस प्रकाय के ऩरयप्रेक्ष्म भें ककसी
अधधकृत ऩद मा जजम्भेदायी को संबारने का अथभ होता है। इसलरए, "took over" सफसे उऩमक्
ु त विकल्ऩ
होगा।
 'took over' should be used because in the entire context, the sentence indicates Mohan
assuming the responsibility of the Centre for Life Skills from Mustafa. "took over" means to
assume control or responsibility in such contexts. Thus, "took over" would be the most
appropriate choice.
7. B) Under the cloud (idiom) – Being under suspicion or disrepute आशंका भें होना
8. B) Pain' के फदरे 'Agony' का प्रमोग होगा क्मोंकक महा ऩय 'extreme' का उऩमोग हो यहा है जजसका अथभ है
फहुत अधधक ऩीडा। 'Agony' इस संदबभ भें सही शब्द होता है ।
 Agony' will be used instead of 'Pain' because the word 'extreme' is used which means
intense pain. 'Agony' is the appropriate word in this context.
9. B) The incorrectly spelled word among the given options is 'Repulcive'. The correct spelling is
'Repulsive' which means “evoking intense aversion or disgust” घण
ृ ा उत्तेजक, प्रततकूर.
10. B) Unsure (adjective) – Lacking confidence in or certainty about something, doubtful, uncertain.
अननश्चित

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 The Indian Express Editorial – By English Madhyam 27 Jan 2025

Antonym: Certain (adjective) – Free from doubt or reservation; confident, sure. ननश्चित
 Date (noun) – A particular day or year when a given event occurred or will occur. तारीख
 Customised (adjective) – Made or done to order; custom-made. अनुकूलऱत
 Handicrafts (noun) – A work produced by hand labor, manual skill work. हस्तलिल्ऩ
11. D) Acquitted (verb) – Declared not guilty of a specific offense or crime, absolved, exonerated.
दोषभक्
ु त
Antonym: Convicted (verb) – Declare (someone) to be guilty of a criminal offense by the
verdict of a jury or the decision of a judge. दोषी ठहराया गया
 Conformed (verb) – Comply with rules, standards, or laws. अनरू
ु ऩ
 Discharged (verb) – Release from a task, duty, or responsibility. मुश्तत
 Praised (verb) – Express approval or admiration of, commend, applaud. प्रिंसा
12. C) Modest (adjective) – Having or showing a moderate or humble estimate of one's merits,
importance, etc.; not vain or boastful. विनम्र
Antonym: Conceited (adjective) – Having an excessively favorable opinion of one's abilities,
appearance, etc.; vain. अलिमानी
 Distant (adjective) – Far off in space or time; not near; reserved or aloof. दरू
 Unpresuming (adjective) – Not presumptuous; modest. अलिमान रहहत
 Obvious (adjective) – Easily seen, recognized, or understood; self-evident. स्ऩष्ट
13. D) Luminous (adjective) – Emitting or reflecting light, glowing, shining. प्रकािमान
Synonym: Resplendent (adjective) – Shining brightly, radiant, dazzling, glowing. चभकदाय
 Impudent (adjective) – Not showing due respect for another person, insolent, cheeky.
धष्ृ ट
 Strident (adjective) – Loud and harsh, grating, piercing. कठोर
 Transcendent (adjective) – superior in quality or achievement ृ ष्
14. C) Once in a blue moon (idiom) – Very rare बहुत ही दऱ
ु ि
ल
15. C) By whom is she taught geography?
Active Passive Voice ें ए, Active क् Object Passive क् Subject
ै । Verb Active Passive ें Tense क ै । Active क् ें
“Who” ए ष् Subject ै औ “teaches” Verb ै । Passive ें “her” (Object) Passive

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क् Subject ै , औ “geography” Object ै। ए, Verb “is taught”

(Simple Present Passive) ें ै औ “by whom” ैं।
To change a sentence from Active to Passive Voice, the object of the active sentence becomes
the subject of the passive sentence. The verb is transformed from the active form to the passive
form, ensuring correct tense usage. In this case, “Who” (an unspecified subject) and “teaches”
(Verb in Simple Present) are transformed to “she” (Subject in Passive), “is taught” (Passive Verb
in Simple Present), and “geography” remains as the object, introduced by “by whom”.
16. A) DECAB
D: This sentence introduces the main subject, highlighting the exceptional salinity of the Dead
Sea.
E: This sentence explains the primary reason for the Dead Sea's high salinity, noting its limited
inflow source.
C: This sentence describes the process by which water leaves the Dead Sea, emphasizing
evaporation as the sole exit mechanism.
A: This sentence provides context about the environmental conditions that lead to significant
evaporation rates.
B: This sentence concludes the explanation by linking the evaporation process to the high
concentration of salts and minerals in the Dead Sea.
17. B) ACBD
A introduces the subject, "Bauxite," and its role in aluminium production.
C follows, referring to "the next step," which logically connects to the process introduced in A.
B mentions "Precipitation," described as a "pre-final stage," indicating it comes after the step
mentioned in C and before the final extraction.
D describes "The smelting process," which "actually extracts aluminium as a final product,"
logically concluding the sequence.
18. A) BEACD
B:This sentence introduces Karen and sets the scene of her walking in a beautiful garden.
E:This sentence provides background information about Karen's love for the outdoors,
complementing the initial scene.
A: This sentence describes Karen's actions in the garden, showing her playful behavior and
consideration for the flowers.
C: This sentence introduces a new element in the garden—the swing—that Karen finds.
D: This sentence concludes the paragraph by describing Karen's enjoyment of the swing, tying
back to her love for the breeze mentioned earlier.
19. D) By whom were my glasses broken?
Active Passive Voice ें ए, Active क् Object Passive क् Subject
ै । Verb Active Passive ें Tense क ै । Active क् ें

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“Who” ए ष् Subject ै औ “broke” Verb ै । Passive ें “my glasses” (Object)

Passive क् Subject ै। ए, Verb “were broken” (Simple Past Passive) ें
ै औ “by whom” ैं।
To change a sentence from Active to Passive Voice, the object of the active sentence becomes
the subject of the passive sentence. The verb is transformed from the active form to the passive
form, ensuring correct tense usage. In this case, “Who” (an unspecified subject) and “broke”
(Verb in Simple Past) are transformed to “my glasses” (Subject in Passive) and “were broken”
(Passive Verb in Simple Past), introduced by “by whom”.
20. C) The correct spelling for the underlined word "duel" in the context of the sentence is "dual."
21. D) sentence ें , "Posters are _________ to promote..." ें blank ए verb past participle
ए क् क ाँ passive voice ै। passive voice ाँ ै
क posters ैं क कि ैं। "use" verb past participle form
"used" ै।
 In the sentence, "Posters are _________ to promote...", the blank requires a past participle
form of the verb because of the passive voice construction. The passive voice here indicates
that posters are not doing the action but are the recipients of the action. The correct past
participle form of the verb "use" is "used."
22. B) 'On' का प्रमोग होगा क्मोंकक जानकायी "passsed on" की जाती है , जजसका अथभ होता है जानकायी आगे
दे ना। जफकक 'Away' का अथभ है दयू , 'For' का अथभ है ककसी उद्देश्म के लरए, औय 'To' का अथभ है ककसी ददशा भें
जाना, जो इस संदबभ भें सही नहीं है ।
 On' should be used as information is "passed on", which means to relay or forward the
information. Whereas, 'Away' means distant, 'For' implies purpose, and 'To' denotes
direction, which don't fit in this context.
23. B) Varied' का प्रमोग होगा क्मोंकक "varied" का अथभ होता है विविध मा अनेक प्रकाय के। जैसा कक संदबभ भें
फतामा गमा है कक ऩोस्टसभ का उऩमोग विलबन्न उद्देश्मों के लरए ककमा जा सकता है - जैसे रोगों को सतकभ
कयने के लरए मा उन्हें ककसी आगाभी बफक्री मा घटना के फाये भें सूधचत कयने के लरए। जफकक 'Little' का
अथभ होता है थोडा, 'Much' का अथभ है अधधक, औय 'Similar' का अथभ है सभान, जो इस संदबभ भें सही नहीं है ।
 Varied' should be used because it means diverse or of different kinds. As described in the
context, posters can be used for various purposes - from alerting people to be cautious to
informing them about an upcoming sale or event. Whereas, 'Little' means not much, 'Much'
implies a lot, and 'Similar' means alike, which don't fit in this context

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24. B) 'And' का प्रमोग होगा क्मोंकक ऩोस्टय भें आभतौय ऩय एक धचत्र होता है औय फहुत ही कभ शब्द होते हैं।
इसलरए, 'and' महां दो विचायों को जोडने के लरए सही शब्द है । जफकक 'Nor' का अथभ होता है ना ही, 'Yet' का
अथभ है कपय बी, औय 'Also' का अथभ है बी, जो इस संदबभ भें सही नहीं है ।
 And' should be used because posters typically include a picture and very few words. Here,
'and' connects the two ideas correctly. Whereas, 'Nor' implies neither/nor, 'Yet' means
nevertheless, and 'Also' means in addition to, which don't fit in this context.
25. A) ‘Caption' का प्रमोग होगा क्मोंकक "caption" का अथभ होता है एक छवि मा धचत्र के नीचे ददए गए शब्द जो
उसे व्माख्मा कयते हैं। जफकक 'Anticipation' का अथभ है प्रत्माशा, 'Quotation' का अथभ है उद्धयण, औय
'Caution' का अथभ है सतकभता, जो इस संदबभ भें सही नहीं है ।
'Caption' should be used because it refers to the words provided under an image or picture that
explain it. Whereas, 'Anticipation' means expectation, 'Quotation' refers to a cited passage, and
'Caution' implies warning, which don't fit in this context.

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