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1.1.1 - Types of Computers - Hardware and Software (2)

The document provides an overview of computer hardware and software, focusing on components like the CPU, RAM, and ROM. It discusses input and output devices, types of computers including desktops, laptops, smartphones, and tablets, as well as their advantages and disadvantages. Additionally, it includes challenge tasks for understanding the material covered.

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12 views4 pages

1.1.1 - Types of Computers - Hardware and Software (2)

The document provides an overview of computer hardware and software, focusing on components like the CPU, RAM, and ROM. It discusses input and output devices, types of computers including desktops, laptops, smartphones, and tablets, as well as their advantages and disadvantages. Additionally, it includes challenge tasks for understanding the material covered.

Uploaded by

mrazarhussain
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Name:

Form:

1.1.1 – Types of Computers – Hardware & Software

Learning
To understand how Computers are formed from various Hardware and Software
Objective

1.1.1 Hardware & Software

1.2.1 Central processing unit


 The central processing unit (CPU) is a computer component that interprets and executes commands from
computer hardware and software. It is usually part of the motherboard. The main components of the
CPU are the control unit and arithmetic logic unit (ALU). It is often referred to as a microprocessor

1.2.2 Internal memory and backing storage


 Random access memory (RAM) is an internal memory chip where data is stored temporarily. The
contents of RAM are lost when the computer is powered down. Read-only memory (ROM) is also an
internal memory chip and stores data permanently; the data is retained even when the computer is
powered down.
 ROM also contains coding known as a boot file. This file tells the computer what to do when it first starts
up. Basic input-output system (BIOS) is also part of this start-up procedure; here BIOS stores computer
settings on a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) chip

Challenge Tasks

1. This is the main printed circuit board found in computer systems


.……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
.……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2. This electronic device provides a computer with the ability to produce sounds
..…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
.……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

3. Explain what is meant by computer hardware, giving an example


..…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
.……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
.……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
.……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
4. Define what a sound card is and describe its main function in a computer system.
..…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
.……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

5. The collective name for the physical components of a computer Is


.…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

6. The component used to process instructions in a computer is called


...……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

7. Explain two differences between an integrated graphics card and a dedicated graphics card.
..…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
.……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

8. Both ROM and RAM are examples of internal memory.

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(a) Explain the differences between ROM and RAM. [4]
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9. State the characteristics of:


(i) ROM
.……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
.……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(ii) RAM
.……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
.……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

10. State one use for each of the following:


(i) ROM
.……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
.……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(ii) RAM
.……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
.……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

1.2.3 Input and output devices


 Input devices allow data to be entered into a computer either manually (e.g. using a keyboard)
or automatically (e.g. direct data entry such as QR code readers).
 Output devices allow the results of a computer’s processing to be shown in a human-readable
form (e.g. monitor or printer). Note that some devices can be both input and output (e.g. a
touchscreen).

1.4 Types of computer

1.4.1 - Desktop computers


 Desktops: not portable but less expensive than other computer types and usually more
powerful for the same cost. More stable internet connection since usually uses wired
connectivity.

1.4.2 - Mobile computers


 Laptop (or notebook): lightweight, low power consumption, with no trailing wires, takes up less room
than a desktop and is easy to work with multimedia systems since it is portable. Similar advantages to
tablets but often bulkier (but this is changing with introduction of notebooks).
 Smartphone: very small and easy to carry round (always with you), can connect to cellular
network and WiFi. Has a long battery life. Small screen size and virtual keyboards can make
them difficult to use; relatively small memories and slower data transfer rates.
 Tablet or phablet: similar features to smartphones but much larger screen size (can be up to 33
cm); can be used with much larger keyboards built into cases. Slowly taking over from laptops
as the preferred portable computing device since they often have similar or better
performance.

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11. Apart from making phone calls and text messaging, give five uses of the smartphone. For each use,
give an example to illustrate your answer. [5]

.……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
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.……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

12. Give three advantages and three disadvantages of using smartphones rather than laptop
computers. [6]

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.……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
.……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
.……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
.……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

13. Six statements about types of computer are shown in the following table. Tick (✓) the appropriate
columns to indicate whether each statement is true or false.

 Understand the different components of a computer system


 Understand the different uses of RAM and ROM
WWW  Ability to differentiate with the different types of computers
 Organisation and presentation including handwriting and spelling
 Answered fully – No partial answers
 Use of keywords and correct usage of syntax
 Attempted all questions
EBI  Attempted the challenge tasks
 Organisation and presentation including handwriting and spelling
 Extend and develop your answers to answer fully
Explain the different types of Extended Reality(4 marks)

Student
Response
Self Reflection: I understood this topic /10

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