International Journal of Civil Engineering Applications Research (IJCEAR)

ISSN : 2249-653X
Vol. 3, No. 1, (2022), pp. 15-19
Seismic Analysis of building Structures with different Slab arrangements
by using ETABS Software

Chandan Kumar Chandravanshia, Ramanuj Jaldharib

Article Received: 07 October 2022; Revised: 18 November 2022; Accepted: 16 December 2022

Abstract

As the advancement in the world is occurring use of software in every field has become prominent and with the
help of software we are able to give results as fast as possible. Now a days using various software in the field of
civil engineering, in which one of the software is ETABS which is used to design and analysis of building
structures. Analysis is process to observation of behavior of structures under different load combinations. Design
is the process of finding appropriate specification of structures. Recently it has been observed that many concrete
structures have collapsed or damaged due to earthquakes. In this paper, presents a seismic analysis of building
structures with different slab arrangements i.e. conventional slab, flat slab with drop panel and flat slab without
drop panel. The effect of seismic forces on building having eleven stories (G+10), and twenty-one stories (G+20)
with different slab arrangements are analyzed by ETABS software 2016 version. Analysis and design of building
structures have done as per IS 456:2000, grade of concrete is M30 and grade of steel Fe-500 are adopted. It
determines the critical design loading for multistory buildings situated at Patna subjected to earthquake zone IV.
In the present study the response of multistory buildings are analyzed with earthquake loads based on IS
1893:2016. There are several concerns play important role to behavior of structures which are storey drift, storey
displacement and storey shear. After comparison with these results concerns, we decide better arrangement of the
building structures.

Keywords: Conventional slab, Flat slab, Drop panel, Storey response, multi-storey building, Seismic zone IV.

1. INTRODUCTION

Metropolitan regions have produced vertical construction in the form of low-rise, medium-rise, and high-rise
building constructions. Modern buildings of this type typically use frame constructions with different slab
arrangements, such as flat slabs with drops, flat slabs without drops, conventional slabs, flat slabs with peripheral
beams, grid slab systems, etc. The impact of lateral load always increases along with the peak of the demand
building. Vertical masses or loads do not compare to lateral masses or loads in terms of impact strength. These
lateral masses, also known as lateral loads, are typically wind and seismic loads. The tendency of lateral forces or
lateral loads is to tilt the building body in the direction of the applied lateral force. If production is not given the
proper measurement and the proper intended parameters are not followed by way of means of the proper
perceptions, structures in numerous seismically inclined places or sloping areas are always at risk of collapsing.
Reading the results of an earthquake or seismic mass is crucial because of all those studies. Sometimes an
exceptional earthquake with exceptional magnitudes and intensities occurs at an exceptional location. It is crucial
to consider a number of seismic factors, such as storey shear, storey drift, and storey displacement. The seismic
response of a building's structure must therefore be analyzed by seismic assessment, a building's layout that does
not consider seismic evaluation should not be chosen, especially in earthquake-prone areas. Due to the high pace
of population increment or growth, buildings are now being constructed quickly. Due to metropolitan areas taking
up less space than in previous decades, there is a greater demand for high rise buildings. Along with building,
people's preferences have evolved in terms of aesthetic value, speedy construction, flexibility in room layout,
installation of structural elements, placement of reinforcement, and other factors. People's preferences and likes

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 International Journal of Civil Engineering Applications Research (IJCEAR)
ISSN : 2249-653X
Vol. 3, No. 1, (2022), pp. 15-19
about construction methods have evolved recently in accordance with the situation's needs and expectations. The
flat slab method is one of the various beamless slab construction methods that is most frequently adopted. The
conventional RC slab, which has high story strength and stiffness compared to any beamless slab, is typically used
to create structures. However, because to the numerous benefits of flat slabs, the conventional construction of
slabs is gradually being replaced by flat slabs day by day. There has been a noticeable increase in the number of
tall buildings structures relative to less storey building structures for both residential and commercial purposes
because of the increased demand for land everywhere in urban areas. The modern trend is towards the taller
building structures for this reason. Building structures is not a reasonable solution given the population growth
rate and the absence of horizontal expansion. Therefore, building multi-story complexes on the available land at
any cost is the only way to meet the expanding demand. A new generation of tall structures that are flexible, low
in damping, thin and light in weight, and more durable has emerged as a result of the development of high strength
concrete, higher grade steel, new construction processes, and enhanced computational technique. In general,
building high rises has proven essential for urban development. As a response to the expanding population and
increased demand for housing for the growing population, the demand for multi-story buildings has expanded
dramatically. There is little doubt that when a structure's height rises, the forces acting on it, such as lateral forces
like seismic forces, will rise as well. A tall structure's column loading may be of a larger order than that of a low
rise building due to the accumulation of gravity loading across a large number of storeys. The accumulation of a
tall building's load into considerably greater structural pressures makes it different from a low rise building's
burden. It is imperative to design the structure preferably for lateral forces such as wind and seismic forces,
moments, story drift, and total horizontal deflection at the topmost storey level since the height of the tall building
structures affects the stiffness and stability of the structure. In general, unexpected dangerous events like
earthquakes and cyclones cannot be forecast in advance. Planning and developing building structures in
metropolitan areas with great attention is the only way to make it through this disaster. Because of how high a
structure is, lateral forces caused by seismic activity have a significant impact on the structural design. High rise
building structure has to resist to overturning moment and lateral deflection i.e. storey displacement, storey drift
caused by lateral forces like earthquake and wind forces in addition to the gravity loads acting on the building
structures. The main objectives of the study are, the structural performance of both flat slab and conventional slab
structure are subjected to various loads and conditions, behavior of both flat slab and conventional slab structures
for the parameters like lateral displacement, story drift and storey shears by using ETABS software, and the
important goal of this study is the analyze, and layout of a constructing with one of a kind slab preparations like
as Conventional slab, Flat slab with drop panel and Flat slab without drop panel.

2. METHODOLOGY AND BUILDING DESCRIPTION

In this research paper, there are many techniques used in the design and analysis of building structures for seismic
analysis. The results of seismic analysis are provided separately for each method. The first method is Static seismic
analysis: linear static seismic analysis (Equivalent static method), and Non-Linear static seismic analysis (push
over analysis). The second method is Dynamic seismic analysis: Linear dynamic seismic analysis (Response
spectrum method), and Non- Linear dynamic seismic analysis (Time history method). A structure of G+20 i.e.
twenty one storey and G+10 i.e. eleven storey reinforced concrete residential building is analyzed by linear
equivalent static method. In this research the building is considered with various slab arrangement i.e. (flat slab
system, flat slab with drop panel system, conventional slab system). The building's length is 56 meters and its
width is 56 meters. 63.5 m is the building height for twenty one storey i.e. G+20 and 33.5 m is the building height
for eleven storey i.e. G+10 storey building All supports are considered as fixed condition. Column size is 800
X800 mm. Analysis of G+20 and G+10 building in zone IV for earthquake forces are carried out.3D model are
prepared for G+20 and G+10 building is in ETABS.

3. MODELING

The lateral load analysis is done using the E-TABS software, which is also used to create 3D models. The lateral
loads that must be applied to the buildings in the form earthquake loads are based on Indian specifications. Every
seismic zone has a study conducted in accordance with IS 456:2000 (Dead load, Live load), and IS 1893:2002.
(Earthquake load). The model data of structures are given below:

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 International Journal of Civil Engineering Applications Research (IJCEAR)
ISSN : 2249-653X
Vol. 3, No. 1, (2022), pp. 15-19

The plan of conventional slab and flat slab without drop and flat slab with drop as shown in Fig. 1.

Fig.1: Plan view of slab

Fig. 2: 3D Rendered view of G+20 conventional slab, G+20 flat slab without drop, G+20 flat slab with drop, G+
10 conventional slab, G+10 flat slab without drop, and G+10 flat slab with drop

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 International Journal of Civil Engineering Applications Research (IJCEAR)
ISSN : 2249-653X
Vol. 3, No. 1, (2022), pp. 15-19
4. RESULTS

The lateral forces acting on the structure such as earthquake forces produce a sway movement of the building as
a result the structure produces lateral displacement of the building.

The maximum forces that could act on the building when subjected to the lateral forces are the storey shears. The
effect of the lateral forces on the building are compared according to the storey displacements, storey drifts and
storey shears. The effect is studied based on the comparison of lateral displacements and storey drifts in terms of
the forces and a graphical representation is made to explain the impact of these forces.
5. CONCLUSION

On the basis of above study in which G+10 and G+20 multistorey buildings have been taken in to consideration
for different slab arrangements i.e. Conventional slab, Flat slab with drop panel and Flat slab without drop panel.
The parameters which are taken for comparing the models are storey displacements, storey drifts and storey shears.
From the modeling and analysis of these building, following conclusions are drawn out.

 Storey displacement is maximum for Flat slab without drop panel and minimum for conventional slab
structures. Storey displacements increases with increase in storey height for all cases.
 Building having Flat slab without drop panel structure shows highest value of storey displacement among
all three cases for G+10 storey, which is almost 2.4 to 2.5 times of the lowest storey displacement shown
by building having Conventional slab.
 Building having Flat slab without drop panel structure shows highest value of storey displacement among
all three cases for G+20 storey also, which is almost 5.4 times of the lowest storey displacement shown
by building having Conventional slab.
 For G+10 storey, the storey drift is highest for Flat slab without drop panel at fourth storey and lowest
for Flat slab with drop panel at third storey, which is almost 1.6 to 1.7 times of the lowest drift shown by
Flat slab with drop panel.
 For G+20 storey, the storey drift is highest for Flat slab without drop panel at eighth storey and lowest
for Conventional slab, which is almost 5.8 times of the lowest drift shown by Conventional slab.
 Storey shear is maximum for Conventional slab and minimum for Flat slab without drop panel. The value
of storey shear is decreases with increase in storey height.

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 International Journal of Civil Engineering Applications Research (IJCEAR)
ISSN : 2249-653X
Vol. 3, No. 1, (2022), pp. 15-19
 Building having Conventional slab structure shows highest value of storey shear among all three cases
for G+10 storey, which is almost 2.2 to 2.3 times of the lowest storey shear shown by building having
Flat slab without drop panel.
 Building having Conventional slab structure shows highest value of storey shear among all three cases
for G+20 storey, which is almost 2.6 to 2.7 times of the lowest storey shear shown by building having
Flat slab without drop panel.
6. FUTURE SCOPE

There are few investigations to be performed for the study and are explained as below:

1. The focus of the current study is mainly on how seismic forces affect flat slab structures without any
lateral force-resisting infill components. We must analyze structures with infill elements that either resist
the lateral displacement of the structure or do not resist the movement in order to gain in-depth
knowledge about structural behavior.
2. To prevent irreparable damage to the lives of animals and humans as well as other economic and strategic
losses, damage types and critical damage points must be studied.
3. While flat slabs are an efficient solution for multi-story buildings without beams, but they are not
frequently used in Indian construction.
4. Predicting the behavior of flat slabs and conventional slabs under seismic loads using Static Linear
Seismic Analysis Method.
5. Comparison of a flat slab having a drop panel with flat slab without drop panel can be done for different
seismic zones.
6. It would give people enough knowledge and assurance to choose flat slabs for future construction in
India. As a result, the study can be considered before designing a building.

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