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introduction to ICT - INTRODUCTION TO EXCEL (NOTES)

The document provides an overview of paragraph alignment options in Microsoft Word and introduces Microsoft Excel as a spreadsheet application. It details key features of Excel, including the structure of worksheets and workbooks, and explains various functions such as SUM, AVERAGE, MAX, MIN, COUNT, COUNTA, and IF, along with their syntax and examples. The document serves as a basic guide for using Excel's functionalities for data manipulation and calculations.

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Kelvin Muriithi
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22 views

introduction to ICT - INTRODUCTION TO EXCEL (NOTES)

The document provides an overview of paragraph alignment options in Microsoft Word and introduces Microsoft Excel as a spreadsheet application. It details key features of Excel, including the structure of worksheets and workbooks, and explains various functions such as SUM, AVERAGE, MAX, MIN, COUNT, COUNTA, and IF, along with their syntax and examples. The document serves as a basic guide for using Excel's functionalities for data manipulation and calculations.

Uploaded by

Kelvin Muriithi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Paragraph Alignment in Word:

Left Align: Aligns text to the left margin. (Ctrl+L)

Center Align: Centers text between the left and right margins. (Ctrl+E)

Right Align: Aligns text to the right margin. (Ctrl+R)

Justify: Stretches the text so that it aligns evenly with both the left and right margins. (Ctrrl+J)

MICROSOFT EXCEL

Definition:

A spreadsheet is the computer equivalent of a paper ledger sheet. It consists of a grid made from
columns and rows.

The packages used in the market today to develop spreadsheet documents include:

✓ Microsoft excel

✓ Lotus 1-2-3

✓ Quattro Pro

✓ GS-Calc

Features of excel

Columns these are vertical line that are labeled alphabetically.

Rows these are horizontal lines which are numbered digitally.

Cells this is the intersection between a row and a column. It’s the basic unit of a worksheet.

Border this is the left and top label that is used to show the current cell

A worksheet is where Excel stores text, numbers, and formulas. Worksheets are also known as
spreadsheets.

A workbook is another name for an Excel file. A workbook contains one or more worksheets.

In each cell there may be the following types of data:

• text (labels)
• number data (constants)
• formulas (mathematical equations that do all the work)

For example:
Spreadsheets have many Math functions built into them. Of the most basic operations are the standard
multiply, divide, add and subtract. These operations follow the order of operations (just like algebra).
Let's look at some examples.

 A1 (column A, row 1) = 5
 A2 (column A, row 2) = 7
 A3 (column A, row 3) = 8
 B1 (column B, row 1) = 3
 B2 (column B, row 2) = 4
 B3 (column B, row 3) = 6

A formula is a sequence of values, cell references, names, functions, or operators in a cell that produce a
new value. Formulas always begin with an equal sign (=).

A formula bar is a bar at the top of the Excel window that you use to enter or edit values or formulas in
cells or charts. The formula bar is usually above the spreadsheet's column header.

SUM FUNCTION

Probably the most popular function in any spreadsheet is the SUM function. The Sum function takes all
of the values in each of the specified cells and totals their values. The syntax is:

=SUM(first value, second value, etc)

In the first and second spots you can enter any of the following (constant, cell, range of cells).

• Blank cells will return a value of zero to be added to the total.

• Text cells cannot be added to a number and will produce an error.


=SUM(B2:B6). The formula adds all the values in the range of cells between B2 and B6.

=SUM(B3:D3). Adds value between B3 and D3.

=SUM(B3,D3). Only adds B3 and D3.

=SUM(B2,B4,B6). Only adds the listed cells.

AVERAGE FUNCTION

The AVERAGE function in Excel is used to calculate the arithmetic mean of a range of numbers.

The AVERAGE function automatically ignores empty cells, cells containing text, and logical values
(TRUE/FALSE) in its calculation. If a cell reference contains an error value (such as #DIV/0!), it will also be
ignored in the calculation.

Syntax:

=AVERAGE(number1, [number2], ...)

=AVERAGE(B2:B6). Finds the mean for cells ranging between B2 and B6.

=AVERAGE(B3,D3,C2,C6). Finds the average of the listed cells.

MAX FUNCTION (MAXIMUM)

This will return the largest (max) value in the selected range of cells.

Blank entries are not included in the calculations of the Max Function.

Text entries are not included in the calculations of the Max Function

Syntax:

=MAX(number1, [number2], ...)

Example:

=MAX(B2:B6) would return the largest number in cells B2 through B6.

MIN FUNCTION (MINIMUM)


Purpose: Returns the smallest number in a range.

Syntax:

=MIN(number1, [number2], ...)

Example:

=MIN(B2:B6) would return the smallest number in cells B2 through B6

COUNT FUNCTION

Purpose: Counts the number of cells in a range that contain numbers.

Syntax:

=COUNT(value1, [value2], ...)

Example:

=COUNT(B2:B6) would count how many cells are in the range between B2 and B6.

COUNTA FUNCTION

The COUNTA function in Excel is used to count the number of cells in a range that are not empty.

The COUNTA function is useful for tasks such as determining the total number of entries in a list or
calculating the number of filled cells in a dataset. It treats all types of data as equal, so whether a cell
contains text, numbers, logical values, or errors, it will be counted as long as it is not empty.

Syntax:

=COUNTA(value1, [value2], ...)

IF FUNCTION

The IF function in Excel allows you to perform logical tests and return different values based on whether
the test evaluates to TRUE or FALSE.

The syntax is

=IF (condition, value-if-true, value-if-false)

• value returned may be either a number or text


• if value returned is text, it must be in quotes
Example:

=IF(F2>20,"YES","NO")

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