Outline cloud exam

1. Cloud
1.1 IT developments
1. Physical Environment: In the early days of computing, IT infrastructure
primarily consisted of physical hardware such as servers, storage devices,
and networking equipment. Each application or service typically ran on its
own dedicated physical server.

2. Virtual Environment: The introduction of virtualization technology

revolutionized IT infrastructure by allowing multiple virtual machines to run
on a single physical server. This enabled better resource utilization,
scalability, and flexibility. Virtual environments also facilitated easier
management and maintenance of IT systems.

3. Private Cloud: Private cloud infrastructure extends the benefits of

virtualization further by creating a dedicated, isolated environment within an
organization's data center. Private clouds provide on-demand access to
resources, self-service capabilities, and automation while ensuring enhanced
security and control over data.

4. Public Cloud: Public cloud services offered by providers like Amazon Web
Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, and Google Cloud Platform deliver IT
resources over the internet on a pay-as-you-go basis. Public clouds enable
organizations to access a wide range of services, including compute power,
storage, and databases, without the need for upfront hardware investments.
They offer scalability, flexibility, and cost-efficiency, making them popular
among businesses of all sizes.

1.2 Cloud computing concepts

Definition of Cloud Computing:**

Cloud computing refers to the delivery of computing services—including

servers, storage, databases, networking, software, and more—over the
internet ("the cloud"). Cloud computing eliminates the need for
organizations to invest in and maintain physical infrastructure, enabling
them to access resources on-demand and pay only for what they use. The
key characteristics of cloud computing include self-service provisioning,
elastic scalability, resource pooling, rapid elasticity, and measured
services.

**Value of Cloud Computing:**

Cloud computing delivers several benefits to organizations, including:

1. Cost Efficiency: Cloud services operate on a pay-as-you-go model,

allowing businesses to reduce capital expenditures on hardware and
infrastructure.

2. Scalability: Cloud resources can be easily scaled up or down based on

demand, ensuring optimal performance and cost efficiency.

3. Flexibility and Agility: Cloud services enable rapid deployment of

applications and services, supporting agile development and innovation.

4. Reliability and Availability: Cloud providers offer high levels of

redundancy and uptime, ensuring reliable access to applications and data.

5. Security and Compliance: Cloud providers implement robust security

measures and compliance standards to protect data and meet regulatory
requirements.

**Classification of Cloud Computing:**

Cloud computing can be classified into various service models and

deployment models:

1. Service Models:

a. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): Providers offer virtualized

computing resources, such as servers and storage, over the internet.

b. Platform as a Service (PaaS): Platforms for developing, testing,

deploying, and managing applications are provided over the cloud.
 c. Software as a Service (SaaS): Applications are delivered over the
internet on a subscription basis, eliminating the need for local installation
and maintenance.

2. Deployment Models:

a. Public Cloud: Services are delivered over the internet and shared
among multiple organizations.

b. Private Cloud: Resources are dedicated to a single organization and

hosted either on-premises or by a third-party provider.

c. Hybrid Cloud: Combines public and private cloud infrastructure,

allowing organizations to leverage the benefits of both.

1.3 Private cloud concepts

1.4 Public cloud concepts

IT Concept of IT evolution: physical

developme environment > virtual environment
nts > private cloud/public cloud

Cloud
Development, definition, value, and
computing
classification of cloud computing
concepts

Private Private cloud concepts, mainstream

cloud vendors and products, and
concepts application scenarios

Public cloud concepts, mainstream

Public cloud
vendors and products, and
concepts
application scenarios

2. Public cloud service operations

2.1 Huawei Cloud
 2.2 Compute services
2.3 Networking services
2.4 Storage services
2.5 Database services
2.6 O&M
Huawei Cloud overview, Huawei Cloud
application scenarios, Huawei Cloud
Huawei ecosystem, introduction to AZs,
Cloud regions, Identity and Access
Management (IAM), projects, and
Huawei Cloud billing modes

Compute service overview, Elastic

Compute Cloud Server (ECS), Bare Metal Server
services (BMS), Image Management Service
(IMS), and Auto Scaling (AS)

Similarities and differences between

traditional networks and cloud
networks, Virtual Private Cloud (VPC)
Networki
technologies, security groups, Access
ng
Control List (ACL), Elastic IP (EIP),
services
Elastic Load Balance (ELB), Virtual
Private Network (VPN), and NAT
Gateway

Data storage concepts and

development, cloud storage concepts,
classification, and application
scenarios, and concepts, technical
Storage
principles, and usage of Object Storage
services
Service (OBS), Elastic Volume Service
(EVS), Scalable File Service (SFS), and
Dedicated Distributed Storage Service
(DSS)

Database Database overview and development,

services relational database concepts, cloud
database introduction, and
 introduction, features, and usage of
Relational Database Service (RDS) and
non-relational database service
GeminiDB

Cloud O&M overview and tools, and

concepts, technical principles, and
O&M
usage of Cloud Eye, Cloud Trace Service
(CTS), Log Tank Service (LTS), and IAM
The official textbooks for the Huawei ICT Academy Cloud Computing
Technology course cover the following key points:

1. Fundamentals of Cloud Computing

The textbooks provide in-depth information on the basics of cloud

computing, including its architecture, deployment models, and service
models.

1.1 The basics of cloud computing

Cloud computing refers to the delivery of computing services (such as

servers, storage, databases, networking, software, and more) over the
internet ("the cloud") to offer faster innovation, flexible resources, and
economies of scale. Cloud computing provides several key benefits, including
cost-effectiveness, scalability, flexibility, accessibility, and the ability to
offload infrastructure management to the cloud provider. Cloud computing
services are typically categorized into three main service models:
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software
as a Service (SaaS). These models determine the level of control and
management the cloud provider takes care of. Virtualization, automation, on-
demand services, elasticity, and pay-as-you-go pricing are key concepts:
that underpins cloud computing.

 Virtualization allows for the creation of virtual instances of servers,

storage, and networking resources, while automation enables the
efficient management of cloud resources.
 Security is a crucial aspect of cloud computing.
 Cloud providers implement various security measures to protect data,
applications, and infrastructure. Customers also need to implement
their own security measures to secure their data in the cloud.
 1.2 Its architecture

1. **Front End**: This is the part of the cloud system that interacts with
users, including clients and applications. It usually consists of user interfaces
and applications that enable users to access and interact with cloud services.

2. **Back End**: The back end of the cloud system includes the cloud
infrastructure, such as servers, storage, networks, and virtualization
technologies. This is where data is actually processed and stored.

3. **Network**: The network component connects the front end and back
end of the cloud system, allowing for the transfer of data between servers,
storage, and users. Network architecture plays a crucial role in ensuring
reliable and secure communication within the cloud environment.

4. **Virtualization**: Virtualization technology abstracts physical resources

(such as servers and storage) and pools them together to create virtual
instances that can be allocated to users as needed. This enables efficient
resource utilization and scalability in cloud computing.

5. **Orchestration**: Orchestration tools automate the provisioning,

deployment, and management of cloud resources. These tools streamline
processes and ensure consistency in configuring and managing cloud
services.

6. **Storage**: Cloud storage services provide scalable and reliable storage

solutions for data and applications. Different storage options, such as object
storage, block storage, and file storage, are available in cloud computing
architectures.

7. **Security**: Security is an essential component of cloud computing

architecture. It includes measures such as encryption, access control,
identity management, and monitoring to protect data and resources in the
cloud environment.
 1.3 Deployment models

1. **Public Cloud**: Public cloud services are provided by third-party cloud

service providers over the internet. Resources such as servers, storage, and
applications are shared among multiple organizations or users. Public cloud
is cost-effective, scalable, and requires no upfront infrastructure investment.
However, security and customization options may be limited.

2. **Private Cloud**: A private cloud is dedicated to a single organization and

can be physically located on-premises or hosted by a third-party service
provider. It offers more control, security, and customization options
compared to public cloud. Private cloud is ideal for organizations that require
strict data privacy and compliance requirements.

3. **Hybrid Cloud**: Hybrid cloud combines elements of public and private

cloud models, allowing organizations to leverage the benefits of both. It
enables seamless data and application portability between on-premises
infrastructure and public cloud services. Hybrid cloud is suitable for
organizations with fluctuating workloads, compliance requirements, or
specific security needs.

4. **Community Cloud**: Community cloud is shared by several

organizations with similar interests, such as industry regulations, security
requirements, or collaboration needs. It offers a higher level of privacy,
security, and customization compared to public cloud while allowing cost-
sharing benefits among community members.

5. **Multi-Cloud**: Multi-cloud involves using services from multiple cloud

providers to meet specific workload or application requirements. It provides
redundancy, flexibility, and the ability to choose the best-fit cloud services
for different business needs. Multi-cloud strategies help minimize vendor
lock-in and optimize costs.

1.4 Service models

1. **Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)**: In this service model, cloud
providers offer virtualized computing resources over the internet. Customers
can rent virtual machines, storage, and networking resources to build,
deploy, and manage their own applications. With IaaS, customers have more
control over the operating system, applications, and development
frameworks compared to other service models.

2. **Platform as a Service (PaaS)**: PaaS provides developers with a platform

to build, deploy, and manage applications without having to worry about the
underlying infrastructure. Cloud providers offer a complete development
environment that includes tools, libraries, and services to accelerate the
application development process. PaaS is ideal for developers looking to
focus on coding and application deployment without managing infrastructure
components.

3. **Software as a Service (SaaS)**: SaaS delivers software applications over

the internet as a service. Users can access applications through a web
browser without needing to install or maintain the software locally. SaaS
offerings range from productivity tools like email and office software to
enterprise applications such as customer relationship management (CRM)
and human resources management systems. SaaS allows organizations to
quickly deploy and use software applications without the complexity of
software maintenance and management.

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