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Lecture 5 - Switch-level Model

The document discusses the switch-level model of MOSFET transistors, emphasizing their role as voltage-controlled switches with a threshold voltage that determines their on and off states. It covers both static and dynamic analyses, including the RC delay model for switching behavior in digital circuits. Additionally, it presents a quiz question regarding the impact of transistor width on switching speed, explaining that increasing width reduces resistance and consequently decreases RC delay.

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4 views

Lecture 5 - Switch-level Model

The document discusses the switch-level model of MOSFET transistors, emphasizing their role as voltage-controlled switches with a threshold voltage that determines their on and off states. It covers both static and dynamic analyses, including the RC delay model for switching behavior in digital circuits. Additionally, it presents a quiz question regarding the impact of transistor width on switching speed, explaining that increasing width reduces resistance and consequently decreases RC delay.

Uploaded by

vgondal3
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Unit #1

Lecture 5

Switch-level Model

CMOS VLSI Design: A Circuits and Systems Perspective, 4th Edition


by N. Weste and D. Harris, Addison-Wesley Computing (0321547748)
Digital Integrated Circuits: A Design Perspective, 2nd Edition
by J. Rabaey, A. Chandrakasan, and B. Nikolic, Prentice Hall (0130909963)
Highlight

 Switch model of a MOSFET transistor


 Static analysis
 Dynamic analysis
 Reading: Chapter 1.3 and 1.4

2
MOSFET: Voltage-Controlled Current Source
NMOS PMOS
D S

G B Ids  W G B

S D

VGS=VG-VS>Vth VGS=VG-VS<Vth
VDS>0 VDS<0
(VB=0) (VB=VDD)

Vth: threshold voltage (>0 for NMOS and <0 for PMOS)

3
Transistor in Digital Circuits
A MOSFET A Switch!
Vgs=Vg-Vs |Vgs|>Vth

S L D S Ron D

 Ids is a function of: W, L,


Vgs, Vds, and Vth
Ids

 Ron  1/Ids  1/W

Vth Vgs 4
Static Analysis
In Out
 A NMOS inverter 0 1
1 0

VDD
RL
RL
Ron
Vout=VDD Vout  VDD
Vout RL  Ron
Ron
Vin
Vin=0 Vin=VDD

5
A CMOS Inverter

 The simplest logic unit of digital circuits


VDD Vin Vout
Vin
CL

Vin Vout
CL
In Out
0 1
Vin
1 0

6
Switching Behavior
In Out

Vin Vout
0 1
CL 1 0

VDD VDD

Rp

Vout Vout
CL CL
Rn

(a) Low-to-high (b) High-to-low


7
RC Delay Model
R
Vout

RP C

dVout VDD  Vout


RN i(t )  C 
dt R
t
it  
VDD RC
e
For 50% VDD point R
 t

t p  0.69  RC Vout  VDD 1  e 
RC

 
8
Summary

 MOSFET transistors
‒ A voltage controlled switch, with finite resistance
‒ Threshold voltage as the index of On and Off
 The switch-level model
‒ Static behavior to derive the truth table and logic
function analysis
‒ Dynamic behavior: RC delay model

9
Quiz 5

 If we double the width of a transistor, how will that affect


the switching speed? Assume the load capacitance
does not change.

Answer
 As we scale up the size (i.e., the width) of a transistor,
its resistance proportionally goes down as
Ron  (1/W)
Therefore, RC delay is reduced by half, if C does not
change.

10

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