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PSYCHOLOGY GLOSSARY

The document is a glossary of psychological and developmental terms, providing definitions for concepts such as abstraction, accommodation, performance, and adaptation. It covers various topics including cognitive development, mental health, self-concept, and language disorders. The glossary also addresses developmental stages in children, such as animism and attachment.

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12 views

PSYCHOLOGY GLOSSARY

The document is a glossary of psychological and developmental terms, providing definitions for concepts such as abstraction, accommodation, performance, and adaptation. It covers various topics including cognitive development, mental health, self-concept, and language disorders. The glossary also addresses developmental stages in children, such as animism and attachment.

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GLOSSARY

ABSTRACTION: In psychology, a process that involves reducing the fundamental


information components of a phenomenon to preserve its most relevant features
with the aim of forming categories or concepts.

ACCOMMODATION: Action of accommodating or becoming accommodated. "The


accommodation of the most conservative sectors to social changes is, over time,
inevitable"

PERFORMANCE: A person's way of behaving or acting. "Responsible action is


required; I will never understand the actions of his family."

ADAPTATION: Action of adapting or adjusting. "Children generally have a great


capacity for adaptation; in order to adapt Hellenistic culture to the Latin language,
Cicero had to overcome enormous obstacles, since Rome lacked a language

ADOLESCENCE: Period of a person's life between the onset of puberty, which


marks the end of childhood, and the beginning of adulthood, when the
development of the body has been completed.

APHASIA: Language disorder characterized by the inability or difficulty to


communicate through speech, writing or mimicry and is due to brain injuries.

ALGORITHM: Ordered set of systematic operations that allows a calculation to be


made and the solution to a type of problem to be found.

TASK ENVIRONMENT: the environments in administration are the spaces in which


its actions are carried out, these have several classifications

SCAFFOLDING: The term "scaffolding" is used in developmental psychology,


pedagogy and other social sciences to refer to the set of aids, guidance and
information that a person (mainly children) receive throughout their intellectual
development. These aids facilitate children's access to new learning and contribute
to their intellectual growth.
CHILD ANIMISM: Child animism is the tendency to conceive of things as if they
were alive and endowed with intentions; it is one of the characteristics of the
childish way of seeing the world. Animism coexists with anthropomorphism, which
conceives the animation of all beings in analogy with that of man. In the first stage
(6-7 years), every object that carries out an activity is alive at the beginning,
referred to
Essentially to a human utility: the lit lamp, the oven that heats, the moon that
illuminates, etc. Afterwards (8-9 years) life is reserved for things that move or can
be moved and finally for bodies that seem to move by themselves, such as stars or
the wind. Life is also linked to consciousness, but not a consciousness identical to
that of men, but rather the minimum of knowledge and intentionality necessary for
things to carry out their actions and, mainly, to move and direct themselves toward
the objectives assigned to them. That is why the clouds know that they are moving
forward, since they carry the rain, and above all, the night advances, since the
night is a great black cloud that covers the sky when it is time to sleep; the wind
knows that it is blowing and the sun that it is moving forward. Later (10-11 years)
only spontaneous movement is endowed with consciousness; for example, clouds
no longer know anything 'because the wind drives them', but with regard to the
wind it is specified that it knows nothing 'because it is not a person', but that it
'knows that it blows' because it is the one who blows. The stars are conceived as
particularly intelligent. In the last stage (11-12) of animism, children already begin
to consider only biologically living organisms as alive.

MEANINGFUL LEARNING: According to American theorist David Ausubel, it is a


type of learning in which a student associates new information with what he or she
already has; readjusting and reconstructing both pieces of information in this
process. That is, the structure of prior knowledge conditions new knowledge and
experiences, and these, in turn, modify and restructure the former. This concept
and theory are situated within the framework of constructivist psychology.
ASSIMILATION: (from Latin as = towards + similis = similar) is a psychological
concept introduced by Jean Piaget to explain the way in which people introduce
new elements to their pre-existing mental schemes, explaining the growth or
quantitative change of this.
It is, along with accommodation, one of the two basic processes for this author in
the process of cognitive development of the child. It differs from the latter in that
there is no modification (accommodation) in the scheme but only the addition of
new elements. The scheme (or scheme of behavior) is the plot of actions that can
be repeated (Meranire, 1979) given that there are already existing schemes.
FREE ASSOCIATION: is the method described by Sigmund Freud as the
"fundamental rule" constituting the psychoanalytic technique and which consists of
the analysand expressing, during the treatment sessions, all his occurrences,
ideas, images, emotions, thoughts, memories or feelings, just as they are
presented to him, without any type of selection or structuring of the discourse,
without restriction or filter, even when the material seems incoherent, indecent,
impertinent or devoid of interest.
MENTAL CARE: Nowadays, thanks to advances in medical research, the concept
of health has been redefined: it is no longer just a physical construct but now
includes terms such as social health and mental health. Mental health refers to our
psychological well-being and the emotional stability we possess.
Defining mental health is very important in order to properly treat psychological
disorders, mental illnesses and to maintain a good state of health in general. For
that same reason, in this Psychology-Online article, we want to take a look at
mental health and its definition according to psychology.
AUTISM: Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder in which the brain matures
abnormally, from stages as early as the first half of intrauterine development. It
affects people's ability to understand and navigate the social world.

SELF-CONCEPT: is the opinion that a person has about themselves, which is


associated with a value judgment. It should be noted that self-concept is not the
same as self-esteem, however their relationship is very close and one could not be
understood without the presence of the other.

SELF-ESTEEM: is a set of perceptions, thoughts, evaluations, feelings and


behavioral tendencies directed towards ourselves, towards our way of being, and
towards the features of our body and our character.

SELF-AWARENESS: is a heightened sense of self-awareness. It is a concern for


oneself, as opposed to the philosophical state of self-awareness, which is the
awareness that one exists as an individual being, although the two terms are
commonly used interchangeably or synonymously.

SELF-CONTROL: is the ability to master one's own emotions, thoughts, behaviors


and desires; it is an ability to control oneself and manage "my body", not many
possess it, self-control is achieved by oneself.

MORAL AUTONOMY: It is the capacity that people have to know and judge the
goodness or badness of actions, both their own and those of others. It moves and
guides behavior in the direction that the person considers correct. It is a kind of
inner voice that inspires, compels and morally judges our actions.

EMOTIONAL SELF-REGULATION: is the ability of emotional feelings, for example


anger, to respond to the current demands of experience in the range of beautiful
emotions in a way that is socially tolerable and sufficiently flexible to allow
spontaneous reactions as well as the ability to delay spontaneous reactions when
necessary.

AXON: The concept of axon is used in the field of biology to refer to the very thin
continuation of a neuron, through which this cell sends nerve impulses to other
types of cells. Also called a neurite, the axon arises at the eminence from a
dendrite or the soma.

BUBBLE: is the hesitant or choppy pronunciation when speaking or reading a


texthttps://www.definicionabc.com/comunicacion/texto.php. Babbling is
typical of babies, it is the usual way through which they begin to communicate
and talk with their environment, although babbling is not the exclusive property of
the youngest children; adults can also babble words in some special situations; for
example, we have to give a speech at a friend's wedding and while we are reading
it we get excited and then the pronunciation becomes hesitant.
REDUPLICATIVE BABBLING: (from the sixth to the ninth month, the child forms
long, repeated syllabic chains) and non-reduplicative babbling (from the ninth
month until the appearance of the first words, short chains appear alongside the
syllables, the child begins to use the communicative context).

VARIED BABBLING: repetition of chains of different syllables, vowel-consonant-


vowel example: apa apaa
ATTACHMENT: lasting emotional bond that children establish at around 6 months
with the people around them, especially with their mother.

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