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Graphical Representation of Frequency Distributions

The document explains how to graph frequency distributions using pie charts, bar charts, and histograms, detailing their appropriate uses and limitations. It also provides instructions for drawing frequency polygons and cumulative frequency graphs (ogives) with examples of data sets for practice. The document highlights the importance of selecting the right type of graph based on the variable type and the information to be conveyed.

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15 views15 pages

Graphical Representation of Frequency Distributions

The document explains how to graph frequency distributions using pie charts, bar charts, and histograms, detailing their appropriate uses and limitations. It also provides instructions for drawing frequency polygons and cumulative frequency graphs (ogives) with examples of data sets for practice. The document highlights the importance of selecting the right type of graph based on the variable type and the information to be conveyed.

Uploaded by

consigodonalen
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Graphical

Representations of
Frequency
Distributions
How to graph a frequency distribution

Pie charts, bar charts, and histograms are all ways of


graphing frequency distributions. The best choice depends on
the type of variable and what you’re trying to communicate.
Pie chart

A pie chart is a graph that shows the relative frequency distribution of


a nominal variable.
A pie chart is a circle that’s divided into one slice for each value. The
size of the slices shows their relative frequency.
This type of graph can be a good choice when you want to emphasize
that one variable is especially frequent or infrequent, or you want to
present the overall composition of a variable.
A disadvantage of pie charts is that it’s difficult to see small differences
between frequencies. As a result, it’s also not a good option if you
want to compare the frequencies of different values.
Bar chart

A bar chart is a graph that shows the frequency or relative frequency


distribution of a categorical variable (nominal or ordinal).
The y-axis of the bars shows the frequencies or relative frequencies,
and the x-axis shows the values. Each value is represented by a bar,
and the length or height of the bar shows the frequency of the value.
A bar chart is a good choice when you want to compare the
frequencies of different values. It’s much easier to compare the
heights of bars than the angles of pie chart slices.
Histogram

A histogram is a graph that shows the frequency or relative


frequency distribution of a quantitative variable. It looks similar to a
bar chart.
The continuous variable is grouped into interval classes, just like a
grouped frequency table. The y-axis of the bars shows the
frequencies or relative frequencies, and the x-axis shows the
interval classes. Each interval class is represented by a bar, and
the height of the bar shows the frequency or relative frequency of
the interval class.
Histogram
A histogram is an effective visual summary of several important characteristics of
a variable. At a glance, you can see a variable’s central tendency and variability,
as well as what probability distribution it appears to follow, such as a normal or
uniform distribution.
Problem 1

Use the data below:


45, 50, 65, 77, 95, 83, 74, 65, 80, 58,
65, 90, 88, 68, 55, 79, 83, 72, 74, 76,
81, 53, 90, 87, 66
Draw the
a. histogram
b. Frequency polygon of the distribution
c. Ogive
Assignment

Use the data below:


16, 16, 18, 18, 18, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 21, 21, 25, 25, 25, 26, 26,
27, 27, 27, 41, 41, 45, 45, 45, 46, 49, 49, 49, 49
Draw the
a. histogram
b. Frequency polygon of the distribution
c. Ogive
Steps to Draw Frequency Polygon

To draw frequency polygons, first we need to draw histogram and then follow the
below steps:

● Step 1- Choose the class interval and mark the values on the horizontal axes
● Step 2- Mark the mid value of each interval on the horizontal axes.
● Step 3- Mark the frequency of the class on the vertical axes.
● Step 4- Corresponding to the frequency of each class interval, mark a point at the
height in the middle of the class interval
● Step 5- Connect these points using the line segment.
● Step 6- The obtained representation is a frequency polygon.
Cumulative Frequency Graph

Cumulative frequency is the running total of frequencies in


a set of data.

A cumulative frequency graph, called an ogive graph, is a


plot of the running total. This allows us to analyze the
cumulative frequency distribution of the data set.
How to construct a Cumulative Frequency Graph?

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