Definitions from the Images

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● TPS (Transaction Processing System): A system that records and processes data
generated by business transactions, such as sales, purchases, and payments. Example:
A point-of-sale (POS) system used in retail stores to process sales transactions.
● Business Model: A plan that outlines how a company creates, delivers, and captures
value. It covers aspects like revenue streams, cost structures, customer value proposition,
and competitive advantage. Example: The subscription model used by streaming
services like Netflix.
● Relational Database: A database that stores data in tables with rows and columns,
linked by relationships. It's a popular choice for organizing and managing complex data.
Example: A database used to store customer information, orders, and inventory data in
an e-commerce store.
● Closed System: A system that doesn't interact with its environment. It operates
independently and doesn't exchange information or resources with external systems.
Example: A standalone computer system that doesn't connect to a network.
● Digital Goods: Products delivered electronically, like software, music, ebooks, and online
courses. They have low marginal costs and can be easily distributed globally. Example:
Downloading a mobile app from the App Store.
● Report Writing Software: Software used to create formatted reports, such as financial
statements, sales reports, and market analysis reports. It often includes features for data
visualization and customization. Example: Microsoft Excel.
● Bluetooth: A wireless technology for short-range communication between devices, like
smartphones, headphones, and smartwatches. Example: Connecting wireless
headphones to a smartphone.
● Artificial Intelligence (AI): The development of computer systems that can perform tasks
that typically require human intelligence, such as learning, reasoning, and
problem-solving. Example: A chatbot that can answer customer queries.
● DSS (Decision Support System): A computer-based information system that supports
decision-making by providing data and analysis tools. It helps users make informed
decisions by analyzing complex data and identifying trends. Example: A financial analysis
tool used by a company to evaluate investment opportunities.
● Reports: Documents that present information in a structured format, often used for
summarizing data, analyzing trends, and communicating findings. Example: A monthly
sales report that summarizes sales figures, customer demographics, and product
performance.
● MIS (Management Information System): A computer-based information system that
provides information to managers to help them make decisions. It typically involves
gathering, processing, storing, and disseminating information. Example: A human
resource information system (HRIS) used to track employee information, payroll, and
benefits.
● Network Positioning: The process of determining the location of a device within a
network. It's essential for various applications, such as location-based services, asset
tracking, and network optimization. Example: Using GPS to locate a lost smartphone.
● E-wallets: Digital wallets for storing and spending money online. They provide a secure
and convenient way to make online payments without the need for physical credit cards.
Example: Using Apple Pay to make a purchase on an iPhone.
● Knowledge Management: The process of identifying, creating, capturing, sharing, and
 effectively using an organization's knowledge. It involves managing both explicit and tacit
knowledge to improve decision-making, innovation, and overall performance. Example: A
company's internal knowledge base that stores best practices, technical documentation,
and expert advice.
● Strategy Formulation: The process of developing a plan to achieve a company's goals.
It involves analyzing the external environment, assessing internal strengths and
weaknesses, and formulating strategies to capitalize on opportunities and mitigate
threats. Example: A company's decision to enter a new market.
● Strategy Model: A framework used to analyze and develop strategies. It provides a
structured approach to strategic thinking and decision-making. Example: Porter's Five
Forces model, used to analyze industry competition.
● Revenue Model: A plan that outlines how a company generates revenue. It defines the
sources of income, pricing strategies, and revenue streams. Example: A freemium
model, where a basic version of a product or service is offered for free, while additional
features or premium services are offered for a fee.
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● Computer System: A system composed of hardware and software components that work
together to process information. It typically includes a central processing unit (CPU),
memory, storage devices, and input/output devices. Example: A personal computer (PC)
with a keyboard, mouse, monitor, and hard drive.
● Bit vs. Byte: A bit is the smallest unit of data, representing a binary digit (0 or 1), while a
byte is a group of 8 bits, used to represent characters or small numbers. Example: The
letter "A" is represented by the binary code 01000001.
● System Software vs. Application Software: System software manages the computer's
hardware and resources, while application software performs specific tasks for users.
System software includes operating systems, device drivers, and utilities, while
application software includes word processors, spreadsheets, and web browsers.
Example: Windows 10 is a system software, while Microsoft Word is an application
software.
● Cloud Computing: The delivery of computing services over the Internet. It allows users
to access and use software and data storage from remote servers, without the need for
local hardware or software installation. Example: Using Google Drive to store and access
files online.
● Intranet vs. Extranet: An intranet is a private network within an organization, while an
extranet is a network that allows controlled access to outsiders. Intranets are used for
internal communication and collaboration, while extranets are used for sharing information
with partners and customers. Example: A company's internal website for employees is an
intranet, while a portal for suppliers to access order information is an extranet.
● Database Structures: The way data is organized and stored in a database. Common
database structures include hierarchical, network, relational, and object-oriented
databases. Example: A relational database used to store customer information, orders,
and inventory data in an e-commerce store.
● Data Redundancy: The duplication of data in multiple locations. It can lead to
inconsistencies and inefficiencies, as well as increased storage costs. Example: Storing
the same customer address in multiple tables within a database.
● Internet Service Provider (ISP): A company that provides internet access. ISPs connect
users to the internet and provide services like email, web hosting, and domain name
registration. Example: Comcast, Verizon, and AT&T are examples of ISPs.
 ● Virtual Private Network (VPN): A secure network connection over a public network. It
creates a private network between two or more devices, allowing them to communicate
securely over the internet. Example: Using a VPN to securely access a company's
internal network while working remotely.
● Wide Area Network (WAN) vs. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN): A WAN connects
devices over a large geographic area, while a MAN connects devices within a city or
metropolitan area. WANs are used to connect multiple locations of a business, while
MANs are often used to connect multiple buildings within a city. Example: A company's
network that connects offices in different countries is a WAN, while a network that
connects multiple buildings within a city is a MAN.
● Customer Relationship Management (CRM): A strategy for managing a company's
relationships and interactions with customers and potential customers. CRM systems help
businesses improve customer satisfaction, loyalty, and retention. Example: Salesforce is
a popular CRM software used by many businesses.
● Client-Server Computing: A computing architecture in which client computers request
services from server computers. Client-server computing is commonly used in web
applications, where clients (web browsers) request web pages from servers. Example:
Browsing a website, where your web browser (client) requests web pages from a web
server.
● Business Process Management: A discipline in which people use various methods to
manage business processes. It involves analyzing, designing, executing, monitoring, and
optimizing business processes to improve efficiency and effectiveness. Example: Using a
workflow management system to automate and streamline a company's order fulfillment
process.
● Hacking and Phishing: Hacking is unauthorized access to a computer system, while
phishing is a fraudulent attempt to obtain sensitive information. Hackers may exploit
vulnerabilities in software or network security to gain access to systems, while phishing
attacks involve sending deceptive emails or messages to trick users into revealing
personal information. Example: A hacker gaining unauthorized access to a company's
network to steal sensitive data, or a phishing email that tries to trick users into revealing
their passwords.
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● Management Information System (MIS): A computer-based information system that
provides information to managers to help them make decisions. It typically involves
gathering, processing, storing, and disseminating information. Example: A human
resource information system (HRIS) used to track employee information, payroll, and
benefits.
● Virtual Company: An organization that outsources most of its business functions to other
companies. It allows companies to operate with minimal overhead costs and a flexible
workforce. Example: A software development company that outsources coding, testing,
and customer support to freelancers and other companies.
● Computer Software: The programs that run on a computer. Software can be divided into
system software, which manages the computer's hardware, and application software,
which performs specific tasks for users. Example: Windows 10 is a system software,
while Microsoft Word is an application software.
● Moore's Law: The observation that the number of transistors in
● https://www.digiq.blog/digital-intelligence-the-key-to-thriving-in-the-digital-era/
● https://ideausher.com/blog/ai-saas-product/