SAMPLE PAPER-2

CLASS- XII
SUB: PHYSICS (042)
Time Allowed: 3 Hours Maximum Marks: 70
SECTION A
1. A point charge q is placed at a distance a/2 directly above the centre of a square of side a. The electric
flux through the square is: [1]
(a) q/ԑ0 (b) q/4ԑ0 (c) q/6ԑ0 (d) q/πԑ0
2. An electron enters in an electric field with its velocity in the direction of the electric lines of force.
Then: [1]
(a) the path of the electron will be a circle (b) the path of the electron will be a parabola
(c) the velocity of the electron will decrease (d) the velocity of the electron will increase
3. A coil develops heat of 800 calories when a potential difference of 20 V is applied across its ends.
The resistance of coil is : [1]
(a)1.2 Ω (b)0.12 Ω (c)1.4 Ω (d) 0.14 Ω
4. The distance at which the magnetic field on axis as compared to the magnetic field at the centre of the coil
carrying current I and radius R is 1/8, would be [1]
(a) R (b) √2R (c) 2 R (d)√3 R
5. A bar magnet when placed at an angle of 300 to the direction of magnetic field induction of 5x10-2 T,
experiences a moment of couple 25x10-6 Nm. If the length of the magnet is 5 cm, its pole strength is [1]
(a) 2 x 10-2 Am (b) 5 x 10 -2Am (c) 2 Am (d)5 Am
6. A wheel with ten metallic spokes each 0.50 m long is rotated with a speed of 120 rev/min in a plane
normal to the earth’s magnetic field at the plane. If the magnitude of the field is 0.4 G, the induced emf
between the axle and the rim of the wheel is equal to: [1]
(a) 1.256 x 10-3 V (b) 6.28 x 10-4 V (c) 1.256 x 10-4 V (d) 6.28 x 10-5 V
7. An AC source is 120 V -60 Hz. The value of voltage after 1/720 seconds from start will be [1]
(a) 20.2 C (b) 42.4 V (c) 84.8 V (d)106.8 V
8. Which of the following electromagnetic waves is used for LASIK eye surgery? [1]
(a) Radio waves (b)Micro waves (c)UV- rays (d)Infrared waves
9. A piece of plane glass is placed on a word with letters of different colours. The letters which appear
minimum raised are: [1]
(a) red (b) green (c) yellow (d) violet

10. In a Young’s double slit experiment the source is a white light. One of the holes is covered by red filter
and another by a blue filter. In this case [1]
(a) there will be alternate interference patterns of red and blue
(b) there will be an interference pattern for red distinct from that for blue
(c) there will be no interference fringes
(d) there will be an interference pattern for red mixing with one for blue
11. For a uniform electric field E along the x- axis, the equipotential surfaces are planes [1]
(a) normal to the y-axis (b) normal to the z-axis (c) normal to the x-axis (d) parallel to the xz-plane
12. Two positive point charges are 3 m apart and their combined charge is 20𝜇𝐶.If the force between them
is 0.075 N, then the charges are: [1]
(a) 10 𝜇𝐶, 10 𝜇𝐶 (b)15 𝜇𝐶, 5 𝜇𝐶 (c)12 𝜇𝐶, 8 𝜇𝐶 (d)14 𝜇𝐶, 6 𝜇𝐶
Two statements are given – one labeled Assertion (A) and the other labeled Reason (R). Select the
correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
(a) Both A & R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A & R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
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 (c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false and R is also false.
13. ASSERTION (A): A charge moving in a circular orbit can produce electromagnetic wave. [1]
REASON (R): The source of electromagnetic wave should be a charge in accelerated motion.
14. ASSERTION (A): A wire carrying an electric current has no electric field around it.
REASON (R): Rate of flow of electrons in one direction is equal to the rate of flow of protons in [1]
opposite direction.
15. ASSERTION (A): If the objective and eyepiece of a microscope are interchanged, then it can work [1]
as telescope.
REASON (R): The objective lens of a telescope has short focal length and large aperture.
16. Assertion(A): At resonance, LCR series circuit has a minimum current. [1]
Reason (R): At resonance, in LCR series circuit, the current and emf are not in phase with each other.

SECTION B
17. Calculate the work done to dissociate the system of three charges [2]
placed on the vertices of an equilateral triangle of side 10 cm as
shown in figure, where q = 1.6 x 10-10 C
OR
A parallel plate capacitor of plate area A and separation d is filled [2]
with dielectrics of dielectric constants k1 and k2 as shown in the
figure. Find the net capacitance of the capacitor.
18. Two wires X and Y have the same resistivity but their cross-
sectional areas are in the ratio 2:3 and lengths in the ratio 1:2. They are
connected in parallel to a d.c. source. Find out the ratio of the drift speeds of the electrons in the two wires for
this case. [2]
19. In a plane electromagnetic wave, the electric field oscillates sinusoidally at a frequency of 2.0 x 1010 HZ
and amplitude 48 V/m. [2]
(i) Calculate is the wavelength of the wave? (ii)Find the amplitude of oscillating magnetic field?
20. Figure shows two identical rectangular loops (1) and (2), placed on a table along with a straight long
current carrying conductor between them [2]
i) Mention the direction of induced currents in the loops when they
are pulled away from the conductor with the same velocity?
ii) Will the emf induced in the two loops be equal? Justify your
answer.
21. A lamp is connected in series with an inductor and an a.c. source. [ 2]
What happens to the brightness of the lamp when the key is plugged in
and an iron rod is inserted inside the inductor? Explain.

SECTION - C
22. Show that if we connect the inner sphere and the outer shell by a wire,
the charge q on the former will always flow to the latter, independent of how
large Q is. [3]

Page 17 of 49
23. Two cells of emf E1 and E2 and internal resistances r1 and r2 are
connected in parallel as shown in the figure.
Deduce an expression for the
i) equivalent emf of the combination
ii) equivalent internal resistance of the combination
iii) potential difference between the points
[3]
24. The figure shows three infinitely long straight parallel current
carrying conductors. Find the
(i) Magnitude and direction of the net magnetic field at point A
lying on conductor 1
(ii) Magnetic force on conductor 2. [3]
OR
A square loop of side 20 cm carrying current of 1A is kept near an infinite long straight wire carrying a current
of 2A in the same plane as shown in the figure. Calculate the magnitude and direction of the net force exerted
on the loop due to the current carrying conductor. [3]

25. A series LCR circuit is connected to an a.c. source having voltage V = V0sinωt. Using phasor diagram,
derive expressions for impedance, instantaneous current and its phase relationship to the applied voltage. Also
draw graphs of V and I versus ωt for the circuit. [3]

26. In a series LCR circuit connected to an a.c. source of variable frequency and voltage.
Draw a plot showing the variation of amplitude of circuit current with angular frequency of applied
voltage for two different values of resistance R1 and R2, R1>R2.
Answer the following using this graph:
i) In which case the resonance is sharper and why?
ii) In which case the power dissipation is more and why? [3]
27. A beam of light consisting of two wavelengths 800 nm and 600 nm, is used to obtain the interference
fringes in a Young’s double slit experiment on a screen is placed 1.4 m away. If two slits are separated by
0.28 mm. Calculate the least distance from the central bright maximum where the bright fringes of the two
wavelengths coincide. [3]
28. Can the instantaneous power output of an AC source ever be negative? Can the average power output be
negative?
SECTION - E
29. CASE STUDY:
Read the following paragraph and answer the questions.
An inductor is simply a coil or a solenoid that has a fixed
inductance. It is referred to as choke. The circuit symbol for an
inductor is shown in the figure.

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Let the current I flows through the inductor from A to B. Whenever electric current changes through it, a back
emf is generated. If the resistance of the inductor is assumed to be zero, then induced emf is given by
E = VB – VA = L(dI/dt)
Thus, as we move in the direction of current, the potential drops across an inductor. Potential also drops across
a pure resistor if we move in the direction of current.
The main difference between a resistor and an inductor is that while resistor opposes the current through it an
inductor opposes the change in current through it.
Answer the following questions.
i) If current through the solenoid decreases, what will be the direction of induced current? [1]
(a) from A to B
(b) from B to A
(c) same as before
(d) con not be determined
ii) If the length of a solenoid is increased then how does its self-inductance change? [1]
(a)increases
(b) decreases
(c) remains constant
(d)first increase then decreases
iii) An electric bulb is connected in series with a solenoid and they are connected with an AC supply.
When a soft iron rod is inserted in solenoid then the intensity of electric bulb will be [1]
(a) unchanged
(b) decrease
(c) increase
(d) fluctuate
iv) If a soft iron core is inserted in the solenoid which is connected to an ac source, then what will happen
to the magnetic energy stored in it? [1]
(a)increases
(b)decreases
(c)remains constant
(d)cannot be determined
OR
An average emf of 10V is induced in 100 turn solenoid as the result of change in flux which occurs
in 0.5sec. The total flux change is
(a)0.05 Wb
(b)0.5 Wb
(c) 5 Wb
(d) 50 Wb
30.CASE STUDY:

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Read the following paragraph and answer the questions.
The total internal reflection of the light is used in polishing diamonds
to create a sparking brilliance. Value of critical angle of diamond is
very small (24.40) due to its high refractive index (2.42). By polishing
the diamond with specific cuts, it is adjusted in such a manner that
most of the light rays approaching the surface are incident with an
angle of incidence more than critical angle. Hence, they suffer
multiple reflections and ultimately come out of diamond from the top.
This gives the diamond a sparking brilliance.
i) How is the critical angle of a medium related to its refractive
index?
(a) μ = 1/sin C [1]
(b) μ = 1/cos C
(c) μ = 1/tan C
(d) μ = 1/cot C

ii) What is the basic reason for the extraordinary sparkle of suitably cut diamond? [1]
(a) reflection
(b) very small value of critical angle w.r.t air
(c) refraction
(d) dispersion
iii) The following diagram shows same diamond cut in two different shapes [1]
In which of the two cases (first or second one) the sparkling of
diamond will be more ?
(a) first
(b)second
(c)both the cases
(d) none of the cases
iv) A diamond is immersed in a liquid with a refractive index greater than water. Then how does the value
of the critical angle change? [1]
(a) increases
(b) decreases
(c) does not change
(d) cannot be determined
OR
The refractive index for a glass slab is 1.62. the sine of the critical anglr for total internal reflection at
a glass- air interface is
(a)0.04
(b)0.62
(c)0.74
(d)1

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 SECTION - E
31. i) Using Gauss’s law, obtain the expression for electric field intensity at
a point due to an infinitely large, plane sheet of charge density σ C/m2.
ii) Given the components of an electric field as EX=xi, EY= 0 and EZ= 0,
where C is dimensional constant. Calculate the flux through the cube of side
‘a’ as shown in the figure and the effective charge inside the cube.
[5]
OR
i) A charge is distributed uniformly over a ring of radius ‘a’. Obtain an expression for the electric field intensity
E at a point on the axis of the ring. Hence show that for point at large distances from the ring, it behaves like
a point charge.
ii) A point charge is placed in the vicinity of a conducting surface. Trace the field lines between the charge
and the conducting surface. [5]
32. Consider a long straight cylindrical wire of circular cross section of
radius ‘a’ as shown in the figure. The current I is uniformly distributed
across this cross section. Using Ampere’s circuital law calculate the
magnetic field B in the region r< a and r >a.
Plot a graph of B versus r from the centre of the wire. [5]
OR
Derive an expression for the torque acting on a rectangular current carrying loop kept in a uniform magnetic
field B.
(i) Indicate the direction of torque acting on the loop.
(ii) If the loop is free to rotate, what would be its orientation in stable equilibrium? [5]
33. Draw a labelled ray diagram to show the image formation by a compound microscope when image is
formed at the least distance of distinct vision.
i) Define its magnifying power in this adjustment and derive the expression for its magnifying power in
this adjustment.
ii) You are given two converging lenses of focal lengths 1.25 cm and 5 cm to design a compound
microscope. If it is desired to have a magnification of 30, find out the separation between the objective
and the eyepiece. [5]
OR
i) Draw a labelled ray diagram to show the image formation by an astronomical telescope in normal
adjustment.
ii) Define magnifying power of an astronomical telescope in normal adjustment (i.e., when the final image
is formed at infinity) and derive the expression for its magnifying power.
iii) You are given three lenses of power 0.5 D, 4 D and 10 D to design a telescope. Which lenses should
you use as an objective and eyepiece of an astronomical telescope? Justify your answer. [5]

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 SAMPLE PAPER-3
CLASS- XII
SUB: PHYSICS (042)
Time Allowed: 3 Hours Maximum Marks: 70

SECTION A

1. Three equal charges q are placed at the corners of an equilateral triangle of side a. A charge Q is
placed such that its distance from each charge is r. The force experienced by Q will be [1]
qQ qQ qQ
(i) (b) (c) (d) zero
4 o r 4 o (r + a ) 4 o (r − a )
2 2 2

2. The expression for the capacity of the capacitor formed by compound dielectric placed between the
plates of a parallel plate capacitor as shown in figure, will be (area of plate = A) : [1]
o A o A
(a) (b)
 d1 d d   d1 + d 2 + d 3 
 + 2 + 3   
 K1 K 2 K 3   K1 + K 2 + K 3 
 o A(K 1 K 2 K 3 ) AK 1 AK 2 AK 3
(c) (d) + +
d1 d 2 d 3 d1 d2 d3

3. The current in 8 resistance in this figure is : [1]

(a) 0.92 A (b) 1.3 A

9
(c) A (d) 1.6 A
13
4. A wire PQRS formed by joining two semicircular wires of radii R1 and R2 carries a current I as
shown in figure. The magnitude of magnetic field at the centre O is : [1]
o I  11  o I  1 1 
(a)  −  (b)  − 
4  R1 R2  4  R1 R2 

o I  1 1  o I  11 
(c)  −  (d)  + 
2  R1 R2  4  R1 R2 
5. If the back emf induced in a coil, when current changes from 1 A to zero in one millisecond is 5
volts, the self-inductance of the coil of the coil is: [1]
-3 3
(a) 5 H (b) 1 H (c) 5×10 H (d) 5×10 H
6. When frequency of applied alternating voltage is very high then: [1]
(a) A capacitor will tend to become short (b)An inductor will tend to become short
(c) Both (a) and (b) (d)No one will become short
7. The refractive index of water is 4/3 and that of glass is 5/3. What will be the critical angle of ray of
light entering water from glass?` [1]

4 5 1 2
sin −1 sin −1 sin −1 sin −1
(a) 5 (b) 4 (c) 2 (d) 1

8. A double-slit interference experiment is carried out in air and the entire apparatus is kept inside
water, the fringe width: [1]
(a) increases (b) decreases
Page 22 of 49
 (c) remains unchanged (d) fringe pattern disappears.
9. For a plano-convex lens for which µ = 1.5 has radius of curvature of 10cm. It is silvered on its plane
surface. Find the focal length after silvering. [1]
(a)10cm (b) 20cm (c) 30cm (d) 25cm
10. An α- particle of energy 5 MeV is scattered through 1800 by a fixed uranium nucleus. The distance
of closest approach is of the order of : [1]
0
(a) 1 A (b) 10-10 cm (c) 10-12 cm (d) 10-15 cm
11. The radius of Ge nuclide is measured to be twice the radius of 49𝐵𝑒 . The number of nucleons in Ge
are: [1]
(a)72 (b) 73 (c) 74 (d) 75
12. Which of the following is reverse biased? [1]
(a) (b)

(c) (d)

Two statements are given, one labelled Assertion(A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the
correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below. [1]
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false and R is also false

13. Assertion (A): The ozone layer present at the top of stratosphere is very crucial for human survival
Reason (R): Ozone layer prevents IR radiation. [1]

14. Assertion (A): Fuse wire has high resistance and low melting point.
Reason (R): Fuse wire is for small current flow only. [1]
15. Assertion (A): A step up transformer converts input low AC voltage to output AC high voltage
Reason (R): It violates the law of conservation of energy. [1]
16. Assertion(A): An electrical bulb starts glowing instantly as it is switched on. [1]
Reason (R): Drift speed of electrons in a metallic wire is very large.

SECTION - B
17. Two electric bulbs have the following specifications [2]
(i) 100 W at 220 V (ii) 1000 W at 220 V.
Which bulb has higher resistance? What is the ratio of their resistance?
OR
A conductor of length ‘l’ is connected to a dc source of potential ‘V’. If the length of the conductor is
tripled by gradually stretching it, keeping ‘V’ constant, how will [2]
(i) drift speed of electrons and
(ii) resistance of the conductor be affected? Justify your answer.

18. A 600pF capacitor is charged by a 200 V supply. It is then disconnected from the supply and is
connected to another uncharged 600 pF capacitor. How much electrostatic energy is lost in the
Page 23 of 49
 process? [2]
19. Answer the following questions: [2]
(a) Name the em-waves which are produced during radioactive decay of a nucleus. Write their
frequency range.
(b)Welder wear special glass goggles while working. Why? Explain.
20. (a) The susceptibility of a magnetic materials is – 4.2 × 10-6. Name the type of magnetic materials it
represents.
(b)Write Curie’s law for paramagnetic substances [2]
21. Explain how Einstein’s photoelectric equation enables us to understand: [2]
(i) existence of a threshold frequency for a given photo emitter, and
(ii) the linear dependence of the maximum energy of the emitted electrons on the frequency of incident
radiation.
SECTION - C
22. The maximum kinetic energy of the photoelectrons gets doubled when the wavelength of the light
incident on the surface changes from λ1 to λ2. Derive the expressions for
(a) work function for the metal surface
(b) the threshold wavelength λ0 [3]
23. Derive an expression for drift velocity of free electrons in a conductor in terms of relaxation time of
electrons. [3]
24. You are given three lenses, L1, L2 and L3 each of focal length 20cm. An object is kept at 40 cm in
front of L1 as shown. The final real image is formed at the focus ‘I’ of L3. Find the separations
between L1, L2 and L3. [3]

OR
(a) The refractive index of glass is 1.5. What is the speed of light in glass? (speed of light in
vacuum is 3.0 × 108 ms-1).
(b) Is the speed of light in glass independent of the color of light? If not, which of the two
colors red and violet, travels slower in the glass prism? [3]
25. Explain with the help of a circuit diagram, the working of p-n diode as a full wave rectifier. Draw a
sketch of the input and output waveforms. [3]

26. Draw the circuit arrangement for studying the V-I characteristics of a p-n junction diode (i) in
forward bias and (ii) in reverse bias. Draw the typical V-I characteristics of a silicon diode.
Describe briefly the following terms:
(i) “minority carrier injection” in forward bias
(ii)“breakdown voltage” in reverse bias. [3]
27. (a) 3 3
2𝐻𝑒 + 2𝐻𝑒 → 4 1 1
2𝐻𝑒 + 1𝐻 + 1𝐻 + 12.86 MeV
In the above nuclear reaction though the number of nucleons is conserved on both sides of the
reaction, yet the energy is released. How? Explain.
(b) Draw a plot of potential energy between a pair of nucleons as a function of their separation.
Mark the regions where nuclear force is (i) attractive and (ii) repulsive [3]

Page 24 of 49
 28. The energy levels of a hypothetical atom are shown below. Which of these transitions correspond to
emission of radiation of
(i) maximum and
(ii) minimum wavelength? [3]

SECTION- D
29. FORCE ON A MOVING CHARGE IN A MAGNETIC FIELD:
Static charges do not experience any force in magnetic field. The
charges when moving in a magnetic field experience a force. This force
depends upon the magnetic field, charge and the velocity component
perpendicular to the direction of magnetic field. Fleming’s left-hand
rule can be used to determine the direction of force on a charged
particle.
(i) What is the work done by a magnetic field on a charged particle? [1]
(a)positive
(b) negative
(c) zero
(d) cannot be determined
(ii) An electron is moving along +ve x-axis in the presence of uniform magnetic field along +ve y-axis.
What is the direction of the force acting on it? [1]
(a)along + x-axis
(b) along -x axis
(c)along +z axis
(d) along -z axis
OR
Which of the following radiation has least wavelength?
(a)𝛽 − 𝑟𝑎𝑦𝑠
(b)𝛾 − 𝑟𝑎𝑦𝑠
(𝑐)𝛼 − 𝑟𝑎𝑦𝑠
(d) X -rays

(iii) A proton and a deuteron having equal momenta enter in a region of a uniform magnetic field at
right angle to the direction of the field. Find the ratio of their radii? [1]
(a)1:1
(b)1:2
(c)1:4
(d)2:1

(iv)A proton and an 𝛼 particle having equal kinetic energy enter in a region of a uniform magnetic field at
right angle to the direction of the field. Find the ratio of their radii. [1]
(a) 2:1
(b)1:2
(c)1:1
(d)1:4

Page 25 of 49
 30. When light from a monochromatic source is incident on a
single narrow slit, it gets diffracted and a pattern of
alternate bright and dark fringes is obtained on screen,
called "Diffraction Pattern" of single slit. In diffraction
pattern of single slit, it is found that (a) Central bright
fringe is of maximum intensity and the intensity of any
secondary bright fringe decreases with increase in its order.
(b) Central bright fringe is twice as wide as any other
secondary bright or dark fringe

(i)A diffraction pattern is obtained by using a beam of red light. What will happen, if the red light
is replaced by the blue light? [1]
(a) Diffraction pattern becomes narrower and crowded together.
(b) Diffraction pattern becomes wider and separated
(c) Diffraction pattern is not visible
(d) Diffraction pattern becomes more distinct
(ii) How does the angular separation between fringes in single slit diffraction experiment change when
the separation between the slit and screen will be doubled? [1]
(a) becomes twice than before
(b) Doesn’t change
(c)Becomes half of the initial value
(d) Increases four times
(iii)Determine the angular separation between central maximum and first order maximum of the
diffraction pattern due to a single slit of width 0.25 mm when light of wavelength 5890 A0 is incident
on it normally. [1]
(a)3.2 × 10−3 𝑟𝑎𝑑
(b) 3.534 × 10−3 𝑟𝑎𝑑
(c) 3.628 × 10−3 𝑟𝑎𝑑
(d) 4.2 × 10−3 𝑟𝑎𝑑
(iv) A parallel beam of light of wavelength 600 nm falls on a narrow slit and the resulting diffraction
pattern is observed on a screen 1.2 m away. It is observed that the first minimum is at a distance of 3 mm
from the center of the screen. Calculate the width of the slit. [1]
(a)1 mm
(b)2 mm
(c) 0.24 mm
(d)0.54 mm
OR
Light of wavelength 600 nm is incident normally on the slit of width 2mm. What will be the angular
width of central maxima at a distance of 1m from slit?
(a)0.034°
(b) 0.34°
(c) 0.24°
(d) none of the above

SECTION - E
31. Find an expression for the electric field strength at a distant point situated (i) on the axis and (ii)
along the equatorial line of an electric dipole. [5]
OR
(i) Use Gauss’s theorem to find the electric field due to a uniformly charged infinitely large plane
thin sheet with surface charge density .
Page 26 of 49
 (ii) An infinitely large thin plane sheet has a uniform surface charge density +.Obtain the
expression for the amount of work done in bringing a point charge q from infinity to a point,
distance r in front of the charged plane sheet. [5]
32.Explain the term inductive reactance. Show graphically the variation of inductive reactive with
frequency of the applied alternating voltage.
An ac voltage V = Vo sin ωt is applied across a pure inductor of inductance L. Find an expression
for the current i, flowing in the circuit and show mathematically that the current flowing through its

lags being the applied voltage by a phase angle of . And draw (i) phasor diagram (ii) graphs of V
2
and i versus ωt for the circuit. [5]
OR
Define the term capacitive reactance. Show graphically the variation of capacitive reactance with
frequency of applied alternating voltage.
An ac voltage V = V0 sin ωt is applied across a pure capacitor of capacitance C. Find an
expression for current flowing through it. Show mathematically the current flowing through it leads

the applied voltage by angle . And draw (i) phasor diagram (ii) graphs of V and i versus ωt for the
2
circuit. [5]
33.(a) Draw a labelled ray diagram to obtain the real image formed by an astronomical telescope in
normal adjustment position. Define its magnifying power. Derive an expression for it.
(b) You are given three lenses of power 0.5 D, 4 D and 10 D to design a telescope.
(i) Which lenses should be used as objective and eyepiece? Justify your answer.
(ii)Why is the aperture of the objective preferred to be large? [5]

OR
(a) Define power of lens. Write its units.
(b) Deduce the relation
1 1 1
= +
𝑓 𝑓1 𝑓2
(c) A converging and a diverging lens of equal focal lengths are placed co-axially in contact. Find
the power and the focal length of the combination.
(d) State the conditions for total internal reflection to occur. [5]

Page 27 of 49
 SAMPLE PAPER-4
CLASS- XII
SUB: PHYSICS CORE (042)
Time Allowed: 3 Hours Maximum Marks: 70
SECTION A
1. An infinite non-conducting sheet has a surface charge density  = 0.10 C/m2 on one
side. How far apart are equipotential surfaces whose potentials differ by 50 V?
(a)8.85 m (b)8.85 cm (c)8.85 mm (d)88.5 mm
2. An arc of radius r carries charge. The linear density of charge is  and the arc

subtends a angle at the centre. What is electric potential at the centre
3
   
(a) (b) (c) (d)
4 0 8 0 12  0 16  0

3. A potential divider is used to give outputs of 4 V and 8 V from a 12 V source. Which

combination of resistances, (R1, R2, R3) gives the correct voltages? R1 : R2 : R3

(a) 2:1:2 +12V R3

(b) 1:1:1 +8V
R2
(c) 2:2:1 +4V
(d) 1:1:2 R1
0 Volt
4. Which of the following has low value in Ferrites?
(a) Conductivity
(b) Magnetic Susceptibility
(c) Permeability
(d) All the above
5. Two conductors are made of the same material and have the same length. Conductor A is
a solid wire of diameter 1.0 mm. Conductor B is a hollow tube of outside diameter 2.0 mm
and inside diameter 1.0 mm. The resistance ratio RA/RB will be
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c)3 (d) 4
6. The square loop ABCD, carrying a current i, is placed in uniform magnetic field B, as
shown. The loop can rotate about the axis XX'. The plane of the loop makes and angle
 ( < 90°) with the direction of B. Through what angle will the loop rotate by itself
before the torque on it becomes zero
X C
B
(a)   Z
(b) 90°–  B

(c) 90° +  i

(d) 180°–  D
A
X

7. If the momentum of an electron is changed by p, then the de-Broglie wavelength

associated with it changes by 0.50%. The initial momentum of the electron will be
p p
(a) (b) (c) 199 p (d)400 p
200 199

Page 28 of 49
8. If light of wavelength 1 is allowed to fall on a metal, then kinetic energy of
photoelectrons emitted is E1 . If wavelength of light changes to 2 then kinetic energy
of electrons changes to E2 . Then work function of the metal is
(a) E1 E2 (1 − 2 )
(b) E11 − E22 (c) E1 1 − E 2  2 (d) 12 E1 E2
12 (1 − 2 ) ( 2 − 1 ) (2 − 1 )

9. In Young’s double-slit experiment, the phase difference between the light waves
reaching the third bright fringe from the central fringe will be (λ=6000 Å)

(a) Zero S1
(b) 2π
(c) 4π S2
(d) 6π P
Screen
Slit
10. U 238 decays into Th 234 by the emission of an  − particle. There follows a chain of
further radioactive decays, either by  − decay or by  - decay. Eventually a stable nuclide is reached
and after that, no further radioactive decay is possible. Which of the following stable nuclides is the and
product of the U 238 radioactive decay chain
(a) Pb 206 (b) Pb 207 (c) Pb 208 (d) Pb 209
11. Three lenses L1, L2, L3 are placed co-axially as shown in figure. Focal length's of
lenses are given 30 cm, 10 cm and 5 cm respectively. If a parallel beam of light falling
on lens L1, emerging L3 as a convergent beam such that it converges at the focus of L3.
Distance between L1 and L2 will be
(a) 40 cm L1 L2 L3

(b) 30 cm
(c) 20 cm
(d) 10 cm
d

12. When a silicon PN junction is in forward biased condition with series resistance,
it has knee voltage of 0.6 V. Current flow in it is 5 mA, when PN junction is
connected with 2.6V battery, the value of series resistance is
(a)100  (b)200  (c) 400  (d)500 
Directions: These questions consist of two statements, each printed as Assertion and Reason. While
answering these questions, you are required to choose any one of the following four responses.
(a) If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is a correct explanation of
the Assertion.
(b) If both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not a correct explanation of
the Assertion.
(c) If the Assertion is true but Reason is false.
(d) If both the Assertion and Reason are false.
13. Assertion (A): The drift velocity of charge carriers in a conductor is directly proportional to the
electric field applied to the conductor.
Reason (R): Drift velocity is the average velocity of charge carriers and depends on the strength of
the electric field.
14. Assertion (A):The focal length of an equiconvex lens of radius of curvature R

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 made of material of refractive index μ = 1.5, is R.
Reason : The focal length of the lens will be R/2.
15. Assertion : In Lyman series, the ratio of minimum and maximum wavelength is 3/4
Reason : Lyman series constitute spectral lines corresponding to transition from higher energy to
ground state of hydrogen atom.
16. Assertion : The number of electrons in a p-type silicon semiconductor is less than the number of
electrons in a pure silicon semiconductor at room temperature.
Reason : It is due to law of mass action.
SECTION B
17. When an electron in hydrogen atom jumps from the second excited state to the ground state, how
would the de-Broglie wavelength associated with the electron change? Justify your answer.
18. Write two possible causes of energy loss in a transformer? How are these minimised?
OR
Obtain the expression for the magnetic energy stored in an ideal inductor of self-
inductance L when a current I pass through it.
19. Plot the graphs of the energy of a capacitor varying with its capacitance when (a) charge is
constant, and (b) potential difference is constant
20. A series LCR circuit with L = 0.12H ,C = 480nF & R = 23Ω is connected to a 230V variable
frequency supply
(i) What is the source frequency for which current amplitude is maximum? Obtain
this maximum value.
(ii) What is the source frequency for which average power absorbed by the circuit is
maximum? Obtain the value of maximum power.
21. (i) Draw a graph to show the variation of intensity distribution of fringes with phase angle due to
the diffraction due to the single slit.
(ii) What should be the width of each slit to obtain n maxima of double slit pattern
within the central maxima of single slit pattern?

SECTION C

22. Derive the expression for force per unit length between two long straight parallel current carrying
conductors. Hence define one ampere.
23. An electric dipole is placed in a uniform external electric field𝐸⃗⃗ . Show that the torque
on the dipole is given by 𝜁⃗ = 𝑃⃗⃗ × 𝐸⃗⃗ , where 𝑃⃗⃗ is the dipole moment of the dipole.
What is the net force experienced by the dipole?
24. X and Y are two parallel plate capacitors having same plate area and same separation between the
plates are connected in series with a potential difference of 12V. X has air between the plates and Y
contains a dielectric medium of 𝜀𝑟 = 4.
(i) Calculate the capacitance of each capacitor if equivalent capacitance of the combination is
4𝜇F.
(ii) What is the ratio of electrostatic energy stored in X and Y?
25. The figure shows an inductor L & a resistor R connected in parallel to a battery through a switch.
The resistance of R is same as that of the coil that makes L. Two identical bulbs are put in each arm
of the circuit
(i) Which of the two bulbs will light up bright when the switch is closed?
(ii) Will the two bulbs be equally bright after some time?
Page 30 of 49
 Give reason for your answer

OR
The figure given below shows an arrangement by which current flows through the
bulb X connected with coil B, when a.c is passed through coil A.

Explain the following observations

a) Bulb lights up
b) Bulb gets dimmer if coil ‘B’ is moved upwards
c) If a copper sheet is inserted in the gap between the coils, how the brightness of
the bulb will change?
26. (a) Using Bohr’s second postulate of quantization of orbital angular momentum show that the
circumference of the electron in the n th orbital state in hydrogen atom is n times the de-Broglie
wavelength associated with it.
(b)The electron in hydrogen atom is initially in the third excited state. What is the
maximum number of spectral lines which can be emitted when it finally moves to the ground
state?
27. A proton & an 𝛼 particle have the same de-Broglie wavelength. Determine the ratio of (i) their
accelerating potentials (ii) their speeds
28. Trace the path of a ray of light passing through a glass prism (ABC) as shown in the figure. If the
refractive of glass is√3, find out the value of the angle of emergence from the prism.

SECTION D
29. GAUSSIAN SURFACE
The Gaussian surface is an arbitrarily closed surface in three-dimensional space that is used to
determine the flux of vector fields. A magnetic field, gravitational field, or electric field could be
referred to as their vector field. In the examples below, an electric field is typically treated as a vector
field.

Page 31 of 49
 𝑞
(i) The electric flux through a cubical Gaussian surface enclosing a net charge q is ,
∈0
what is the electric flux through one face of the cube?
𝑞 4𝑞 𝑞 𝑞
𝑎) 6∈ b) 6∈ c) ∈ 𝑑) 2∈
0 0 0 0
(ii) Write the dimensional formula for electric flux.
𝑎) [M𝐿3 𝑇 −3 𝐴1 ] b) [M𝐿3 𝑇 3 𝐴−1 ]

c) [M𝐿3 𝑇 −3 𝐴−1 ] 𝑑) [M𝐿−3 𝑇 −3 𝐴−1 ]

OR
SI unit of electric flux is _______.
𝑉
𝑎) 𝑚 b)Vm c) 𝑁𝑚 𝑑) 𝑁𝐶/𝑚
(iii) What is the electric flux of a flat square having an area of 10m2 placed in a
uniform electric field of 8000N/C passing perpendicular to it?
𝑁𝑚2
a) 4 × 104 𝐶
2
4 𝑁𝑚
b) 6× 10 𝐶
2
4 𝑁𝑚
c) 1 × 10 𝐶
d) 8 × 104 𝑁𝑚2 /𝐶
(iv) If the electric flux entering & leaving an enclosed surface respectively is respectively is 𝜑1 &𝜑2 .
What will be the electric charge inside the surface?
𝜑
a. 𝜖0 (𝜑1 + 𝜑2 ) b. 𝜖0 (𝜑1 . 𝜑2 ) 𝑐. 𝜖0 (𝜑1) 𝑑. 𝜖0 (𝜑1 − 𝜑2 )
2

30. ASTRONOMICAL TELESCOPE

An astronomical telescope is an instrument that works on
the principle of optics used to view the enlarged image of
heavenly bodies like stars and galaxies. The end image formed
by an astronomical telescope is always virtual, inverted, and
magnified. It was used for both terrestrial applications &
astronomy. We are able to see the object ‘bigger using a
telescope because the image of the object formed by the
telescope subtends a larger visual angle at our eye.

(i) What is the length of the telescope in normal adjustment?

a) Fo/fe b) fe/fo c) fe+fo d) 1+ D/fo
OR
You are provided with four lenses of focal length 3 cm,10 cm , 20cm & 100 cm,
Which two would you prefer for a telescope?
a) 3 cm,100 cm
Page 32 of 49
 b) 3cm, 10 cm
c) 20 cm,100 cm
d) 10cm , 20 cm
(ii) If an astronomical telescope having magnifying power of 5 in normal adjustment consist of two
lenses 24 cm apart, what is the focal length of eye lens?
a) 5 b) 7 c) 10 c) 2
(iii) Which type of mirror/lens is used in objective of reflecting type telescope?
a) convex mirror b) concave mirror c) convex lens d) concave lens
(iv) The radius of curvature of a reflecting telescope is 100cm, & focal length of
eyepiece is 1cm, what is its magnifying power?
a)100 b) 50 c)25 d) 5

SECTION E
31. a) A plane wavefront in a medium of refractive index n1 is incident on a plane surface making an
angle of incidence ‘i’ as shown. It enters into a medium of refractive index n2 (n2 >n1). Use
Huygens construction of secondary wavelets to trace the propagation of refracted wavefront. Hence
verify Snell’s law of refraction.

b) What is the shape of wavefront on earth for sunlight?

OR
a) What is diffraction of light? Draw a graph showing the variation of intensity with
angle in a single slit diffraction experiment. Write one feature which distinguishes
the observed pattern from the double slit interference pattern.
b) How would the diffraction of a single slit be affected when
(i) The width of the slit is decreased.
(ii) The monochromatic source of light is replaced by a source of white light.
32. a) Explain with a suitable diagram the two processes which occur during the formation
of a p-n junction diode. Hence define the terms (i) depletion region & (ii) potential
barrier.
Draw a circuit diagram of a p-n junction diode under forward bias & explain the
working.
OR
a) Distinguish between conductors, insulators & in terms of energy band diagrams.
Draw the diagrams.
Why do we get a small currents (𝜇𝐴) through a p-n junction diode under reverse biased condition?
In which direction does this current flow through this direction?
33. (a) Obtain the expression for the average power dissipated in a series LCR circuit driven by an a.c
source of voltage 𝑉 = 𝑉𝑚 sin (𝜔𝑡) supplying a current
𝑖 = 𝑖𝑚 sin ( 𝜔𝑡-𝜑)
(b) The instantaneous current and voltage of an a.c. circuit are given by i = 10 sin 314 t
A and v = 50 sin 314 t V. What is the power dissipation in the circuit?
OR
a. A series LCR circuit is connected to an ac source. Using the phasor diagram, derive the expression
for the impedance of the circuit and phase difference between current and voltage.
b. Plot a graph to show the variation of current with frequency of the ac source, explaining the nature
of its variation for two different resistances R1 and R2 (R1< R2) at resonance

Page 33 of 49
 SAMPLE PAPER-5
CLASS- XII
SUB: PHYSICS (042)
Time Allowed: 3 Hours Maximum Marks: 70
SECTION A
1. If the de-Broglie wavelengths for a proton and for a 𝛼-particle are equal, then the ratio of their velocities
will be:
(i) 4 : 1 (ii) 2 : 1 (iii) 1 : 2 (iv)1 : 4
2. In the absence of other conductors, the surface charge density
(i)is proportional to the charge on the conductor and its surface area
(ii)inversely proportional to the charge and directly proportional to the surface area
(iii)directly proportional to the charge and inversely proportional to the surface area
(iv)inversely proportional to the charge and the surface area
3. By a cell a current of 0.9 A flows through 2-ohm resistor and 0.3 A through 7-ohm resistor. The internal
resistance of the cell is:
(i)0.5Ω (ii)1.0Ω (iii)1.2Ω (iv)2.0Ω
4. A silver wire has a resistance of 2.1 Ω at 27.5 °C, and a resistance of 2.7 Ω at 100 °C. What is the
temperature coefficient of resistivity of silver in 0C-1?
(i)0.0059 (ii)0.0039 (iii)0.0129 (iv)0.0159
5. An infinitely long straight conductor is bent into the shape as shown in the figure. It carries a current of i
ampere and the radius of the circular loop is r metre. Then the magnetic induction at its centre will be

𝜇0 2𝑖
(i) (𝜋 + 1)
4𝜋 𝑟 r
𝜇0 2𝑖
(ii) (𝜋 − 1)
4𝜋 𝑟 O
i
(iii) Zero
(iv)Infinite
6. When green light is incident on the surface of metal, it emits photo-electrons but there is no such
emission with yellow colour light. Which one of the colour can produce emission of photo-electrons?

(i)Orange (ii)Red (iii)Indigo (iv)None of the above

7. Highly energetic electrons are bombarded on a target of an element containing 30 neutrons. The ratio of
radii of nucleus to that of Helium nucleus is 141/3. The atomic number of nucleus will be:

(i)25 (ii)26 (iii)56 (iv)30

8. The intrinsic semiconductor becomes an insulator at :
(i) 00C (ii) -1000C (iii) 300K (iv) 0K
9. A semiconductor device is connected in a series circuit with a battery and a resistance. A current is
found to pass through the circuit. If the polarity of the battery is reversed, the current drops almost to
zero. The device may be:
(i)A P-type semiconductor (ii) An N-type semiconductor
(iii)A PN-junction (iv) An intrinsic semiconductor
10. The oscillating magnetic field in a plane electromagnetic wave is given as
By = (8 × 10-6) sin [2 × 1011t+ 300πx] T, wavelength of the em wave is:
(i) 0.80 cm (ii) 1 × 103m (iii) 2 × 10-2cm (iv) 0.67 cm

Page 34 of 49
11. A convex lens is dipped in a liquid, whose R.I. is equal to that of R.I. of material of the lens. Then its
focal length will: (i) become zero (ii)
become infinite (iii) reduce (iv) increase
12. How can the fringe width increase in Young’s double-slit experiment?
(i)By decreasing the width of the slit
(ii)By reducing the separation of slits
(iii)By reducing the wavelength of the slits
(iv)By decreasing the distance between slits and the screen
Given two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R) Select the most appropriate answer
from the options given below:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c)A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false and R is also false.
13. Assertion : On disturbing an electric dipole in stable equilibrium in uniform electric field, it returns
back to its stable equilibrium orientation.
Reason : A restoring torque acts on the dipole on being disturbed from its stable equilibrium.
14. Assertion: The resistivity of a semiconductor increases with temperature.
Reason : The atoms of a semiconductor vibrate with larger amplitude at higher temperature there by
increasing it's resistivity.
15. Assertion: In series LCR resonance circuit, the impedance is equal to the ohmic resistance.
Reason: At resonance, the inductive reactance exceeds the capacitive reactance.
16. Assertion: When cells are connected in parallel to the external load, the effective emf increases.
Reason: All the cells will be sending the current to the external load in the same direction.

SECTION-B

17. Plot the graphs of the energy of a capacitor varying with its capacitance when
(a) charge is constant, and
(b) potential difference is constant.
OR
Three-point charges, +Q, + 2Q and –3Q are placed at the
vertices of an equilateral triangle ABC of side l. If these charges
are displaced to the mid-points A1, B1 and C1 respectively,
find the amount of the work done in shifting the charges to the new
locations.

18. The relative magnetic permeability of a magnetic material is 800. Identify the nature of magnetic
material and state its two properties.
19. Use Kirchhoff’s rules to obtain conditions for the balance condition in a Wheatstone bridge.
20. An electric lamp having coil of negligible inductance connected in series
with a capacitor and an a.c. source. The lamp is glowing with certain
brightness. How does the brightness of the lamp will change on reducing
the
(i)capacitance, and
(ii) the frequency? Justify your Answer
21. (i)Draw a ray diagram of a reflecting type telescope.
(ii)State two advantages of this telescope over a refracting telescope.
SECTION-C
22. Use the mirror equation to show that:
(a) An object placed between f and 2f of a concave mirror produces a real image beyond 2f.
(b) A convex mirror always produces a virtual image independent of the location of the object.

Page 35 of 49
(c) An object placed between the pole and focus of a concave mirror produces a virtual and enlarged image.
23. Light of wavelength 2000 Å falls on a metal surface of work function 4.2 eV.
(a) What is the kinetic energy (in eV) of the fastest electrons emitted from the surface?
(b) What will be the change in the energy of the emitted electrons if the intensity of light with same
wavelength is doubled?
(c) If the same light falls on another surface of work function 6.5 eV, what will be the energy of emitted
electrons?
24. Write the distinguishing features between a diffraction pattern due to a single slit and the interference
fringes produced in Young’s double slit experiment.
25. Explain the term ‘drift velocity’ of electrons in a conductor. Hence obtain the expression for the current
through a conductor in terms of ‘drift velocity’.
26. An electron of mass m and charge q is accelerated from rest through a potential difference of V. Obtain
the expression for the de-Broglie wavelength associated with it. If electrons and protons are moving with
the same kinetic energy, which one of them will have a larger de-Broglie wavelength associated with it?
Give reason.
27. Derive the expression for force per unit length between two long straight parallel current carrying
conductors. Hence define SI unit of current.
28. Write three possible causes of energy loss in a transformer. How are these minimized?
OR
Obtain the expression for the magnetic energy stored in an ideal inductor of self- inductance L when a
current I pass through it. Hence obtain the expression for the energy density of magnetic field B produced in
the inductor.
29. READ THE FOLLOWING PARAGRAPH AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS
SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE
Before the development of silicon semiconductor rectifiers, vacuum
tube thermionic diodes and copper oxide- or selenium-based metal
rectifier stacks were used. With the introduction of semiconductor
electronics, vacuum tube rectifiers became obsolete, except for some
enthusiasts of vacuum tube audio equipment. For power rectification from
very low to very high current, semiconductor diodes of various types
(junction diodes, Schottky diodes, etc.) are widely used. Other devices that
have control electrodes as well as acting as unidirectional current valves are used where more than simple
rectification is required—e.g., where variable output voltage is needed. High-power rectifiers, such as those
used in high-voltage direct current power transmission, employ silicon semiconductor devices of various
types. These are thyristors or other controlled switching solid-state switches, which effectively function as
diodes to pass current in only one direction.
(i) When p-n junction diode is forward biased, then
(a) the depletion region is reduced and barrier height is increased
(b) the depletion region is widened and barrier height is reduced
(c) both the depletion region and barrier height are reduced
(d) both the depletion region and barrier height are increased.
(ii)In the circuit given below, find the value of the current. PN 30 + 1V
+ 4V
(a) 0.1 A (b) 1 A (c) 7.5 A (d) 3 A

(iii) If no external voltage is applied across p-n junction, there would be

(a) no electric field across the junction
(b) an electric field pointing from n-type to p-type side across the junction
(c) an electric field pointing from p-type to n-type side across the junction
(d) a temporary electric field during formation of p-n junction that would subsequently disappear.
Page 36 of 49
 (iv) In semiconductors at a room temperature
(a) the valence band is partially empty and the conduction band is partially filled
(b) the valence band is completed filled and the conduction band is partially filled
(c) the valence band is completely filled
(d) the conduction band is completely empty
30. READ THE FOLLOWING PARAGRAPH AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS

RAINBOW COLOURS ON SOAP BUBBLE:

An optical medium is called a thin film when its

thickness is about the order of one wavelength of light
in visible region (0.5 𝜇𝑚 to 10 𝜇𝑚). A thin film may be
a thin sheet of transparent material such as glass, mica,
an air film enclosed between two transparent plates or a
soap bubbles. When light is incident on such a film, a
smaller part of it gets reflected from the top surface
and a major part is transmitted into the film. Again, a
small part of the transmitted component is reflected
back into the film by the bottom surface and the rest of it emerges out of the film. The reflected ray
(Ray -1) and the refracted ray (Ray -2) overlap and produce interference. Hence, we see soap
bubbles exhibiting different colours in different directions.
(i) Ratio of intensities of two waves is 9 : 1. If these waves are superimposed, the ratio of maximum
and minimum intensities is
(a) 9 : 1 (b) 3 : 1 (c) 4 : 1 (d) 5 : 3
(ii) In Young’s double slit experiment the intensity at centre of screen is I . If one of the slits will be
closed , the intensity at the centre now will be
(a) I (b) I/2 (c) I/3 (d) I/4
(iii) In Young’s double slit experiment using monochromatic light of wavelength λ, the intensity at a
point on the screen where path difference is λ is K units. What is the intensity of light at a point
where path difference is 𝜆/3.?
(a) K (b) K/4 (c) K/2 (d) 0
(iv) To demonstrate the phenomenon of interference, we require two sources, which emit radiation of
(a) nearly the same frequency (b) the same frequency
(c) different wavelength
(d) the same frequency and having definite phase relationship.

SECTION- E

31. (a)Write two properties of equipotential surfaces. Depict equipotential surfaces due to an isolated point
charge. Why do the equipotential surfaces get closer as the distance between the equipotential surface
and the source charge decreases?
(b)An electric dipole of dipole moment p⃗, is placed in a uniform electric field E⃗, Deduce the expression
for the potential energy with the dipole.
OR
(a)Derive the expression for the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor having two identical plates each
of area A and separated by a distance d, when the space between the plates is filled by a dielectric
medium?
(b)X and Y are two parallel plate capacitors having same plate area and same separation between the
plates are connected in series with a potential difference of 12V. X has air between the plates and Y
contains a dielectric medium of 𝜀𝑟 = 4.
Page 37 of 49
 (i)Calculate the capacitance of each capacitor if equivalent capacitance of the combination is 4𝜇F.
(ii)What is the ratio of electrostatic energy stored in X and Y?
32. (a) Using Biot- Savart Law, deduce an expression for the magnetic field
on the axis of a circular current loop.
(b) Draw the magnetic field lines due to a current carrying loop.
(c) A straight wire carrying a current of 12 A is bent into a
semi-circular arc of radius 2.0 cm as shown.
What is the magnetic field B at O due to
(i) straight segments (ii) the semi-circular arc?

OR
Explain, using a labelled diagram, the principle and working of a moving coil galvanometer.
(a) What is the function of
(i) uniform radial magnetic field,
(ii) Cylindrical soft iron core?
(b) Define the terms
(i) current sensitivity and
(ii) voltage sensitivity of a galvanometer.
Why does increasing the current sensitivity not necessarily increase voltage sensitivity?
33. Draw the labelled ray diagram for the formation of image by a compound microscope. Define and derive
the expression for its magnifying power when the image is formed at infinity. Explain why both the
objective and the eye piece of a compound microscope must have short focal lengths.
OR
(a)Trace the rays of light showing the formation of an image due to a point object placed on the axis of a
spherical surface separating the two media of refractive indices n1 and n2. Establish the relation between
the distances of the object, the image and the radius of curvature from the central point of the spherical
surface.
(b)An unsymmetrical double convex lens forms the image of a point object on its axis. Will the position
of the image change if the lens is reversed? Explain.

Page 38 of 49
 SAMPLE PAPER-6
CLASS- XII
SUB: PHYSICS (042)
Time Allowed: 3 Hours Maximum Marks: 70
SECTION A
1. A thin glass (RI = 3/2) lens has optical power of – 5D in air. Its optical power in a liquid medium
with RI = 1.6 will be:
(i) -2.5 D (ii) 25 D (iii) –ID (iv) 0.625 D
2. Figure shows the tracks of three charged particles in a uniform electric field moving with same
speed. Which particle has the largest charge to mass ratio?
(i) 1 (ii) 2 (iii) 3 (iv) 1 & 3 both

3. An electric dipole kept in a non-uniform electric field making angle θ (not 00 or not 1800) may
experience: - (i) Only a torque
(ii) Only a force
(iii) A force and a torque (iv) None of the above
4. How would the angular separation of interference fringes in Young’s double slit experiment changes
when the distance between the slits and screen is doubled?
(i) Remain same (ii) Becoming half
(iii) Become double (iv)Cannot be determined
5. A diamagnetic substance under influence of an external magnetic field has:
(i) + ve and small susceptibility (ii) +ve and large susceptibility
(iii) -ve and small susceptibility (iv) Zero susceptibility
6. Which of following radiation are used detect forged documents?
(i) X –ray (ii) Infra-Red (iii)Visible (iv) Ultra violet.
7. What is the frequency of output signal of full wave rectifier if the frequency input signal is 50 Hz?

(i) 50 Hz (ii) 25 Hz (iii) 100 Hz (iv) 0 Hz

8. In an electrical circuit R, L, C and an a.c. voltage source are all connected in series. When L is
removed from the circuit, the phase difference between the voltage and the current in the circuit is π
/4. If instead, C is removed from the circuit the phase difference is again become π/4. The impedance
of the circuit when all elements are present is :
(i) √𝑅 2 + (𝑋𝑙 − 𝑋𝑐)2 (ii) R (iii) √(𝑋𝑙 − 𝑋𝑐)2 (iv) 0

9. The energy level diagram of an element is given

below. Identify, by doing necessary calculations,
which transition corresponds to the emission
of a spectral line of wavelength 102.7 nm?
(i) A (ii) B (iii)C (iv) D

10. The given graph shows the variation of

Photo-electric current (I) versus applied voltage (V)
for two different photosensitive materials and for
two different intensities of the incident radiation.
Identify the pairs of curves that correspond to
different materials but same intensity radiation.
(i) (1,2) (3,4) (ii) (1,3) (2,4)
(iii) (1,4) (2,3) (iv)None of them.

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 11. A network of four capacitors of capacity C each are connected to a battery
as shown in the figure. The ratio of the charges on C1 and C4 is :–

(i) 1/4 (ii) 1/3 (iii) 3/1 (iv) 4/1

12. In reverse biased connection of a P-N junction which of the following is correct?
(i) Diffusion current is greater than drift current
(ii) Diffusion current is less than drift current
(iii) Diffusion current is equal to drift current
(iv)None of these

Two statements are given one labeled Assertion (A) and the other labeled as Reason( R).
Select the correct answer to these questions from code (a) ,(b) , (c) and (d) as given below:
(a) Both A and R are true and the R is the correct explanation of the A.
(b) Both the A and R are true and R is NOT the correct explanation of the A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false and R is also false.
13. Assertion (A) : When a bar magnet is dropped into a vertical long hollow metallic tube, the magnet
ultimately moves with an acceleration less than acceleration due to gravity.
Reason (R) : The magnet falling into metallic tube causes the induced currents in the metal tube, so
the motion of the magnet is of decreasing acceleration.
14. Assertion (A): Electric field lines are not perpendicular to surface of charged conductor.
Reason (R): The surface of charged conductor is surface of variable potential.
15. Assertion (A): Two independent sources cannot be coherent sources.
Reason (R): The phase difference of the two independent sources at a particular point remain
constant with respect to time.
16. Assertion(A). A photon has no rest mass, yet it carries definite momentum.
Reason(R). Momentum of photon is due to its energy and hence its equivalent mass.

SECTION-B

17. In the circuit shown, an ideal voltmeter is used to

measure the reading of the potential difference between A and B
. What is the reading of the voltmeter?
18. The oscillating magnetic field in a plane electromagnetic wave
is given by
By= (8×10-6) sin (2 ×1011t + 300 π x )T
(i) Calculate the frequency of the electromagnetic wave
(ii) Write the expression of the oscillating electric field.
OR
Can two lamps of sodium light act as coherent sources? Give your reason?
19. An electron is accelerated by a potential difference of V. Find out the expression for de-Broglie
wavelength associated with an electron.
20. An electron does not suffer any deflection while passing along + ve x axis through a region of
mutually perpendicular uniform magnetic field (B) and electric field (E) with a velocity ‘v’.
(a) What is the direction of the magnetic field if Electric field is along y axis?
(b) What is the relation between E and B?
21. A star converts its hydrogen to helium in fusion reaction. It converts to helium via the
reaction: 1H2 + 1H2 →1H3 + 1H1 + Q
Mass of 1H2 = 2.014102 u , 1
1H = 1.007825 u ,
3 2
1H =3.0160 u , where 1u = 931.5 Mev /c

SECTION-C
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22. Figure shows variation of stopping potential (V0) with the
frequency (ν) for two photosensitive materials M1 and M2 .
(i) Why is the slope same for both lines?
(ii) For which material will the emitted electrons have greater
kinetic energy for same frequency of the incident radiations?
(iii) Which metal has higher work function? Justify your answer
in above cases.
OR
Show that the total energy (E) of the electron in the stationary states can be expressed as negative of
kinetic energy (K) .
23. Explain, with the help of a circuit diagram, the working of a p-n junction diode as a half wave
rectifier.
24. A long straight wire carrying current of 25A rests on a table as shown in
Fig. Another wire PQ of length 1m, mass 2.5 g carries the same current
but in the opposite direction. The wire PQ is free to slide up and down.
To what height will PQ rise?

25. First a set of ‘ n’ equal resistors of resistance R each are connected in series to a battery of emf E and
internal resistance ‘R’. A current I is observed to flow. Than ‘n’ resistor are connected in parallel to
the same battery . It is observed that the current is increased by 10 times .What is n?

26. In the given circuit with a steady current, calculate the potential drop
across the capacitor in terms of V.

27. What do you mean by energy bands? In a pure semiconductor crystal of Si, if antimony is added then
what type of extrinsic semiconductor is obtained. Draw the energy band diagram of this extrinsic
semiconductor so formed.
28. (a) Obtain an expression for focal length of a combination of thin lenses in contact.
(b) A converging lens of focal length 50 cm is placed coaxially in contact with another lens of
unknown focal length. If the combination behaves like a diverging lens of focal length 50 cm, find the
power and nature of the second

SECTION-D
29. CASE STUDY
Read the following paragraph and answer the questions.
A compound microscope is an optical instrument used for observing highly magnified images of tiny
objects. Magnifying power of a compound microscope is defined as the ratio of the angle subtended
at the eye by the final image to the angle subtended at the eye by the object, when both the final
image and the objects are situated at the least distance of distinct vision from the eye. It can be given
that: m = me x mo, where me is the magnification produced by the eye lens and mo is the
magnification produced by the objective lens.
Consider a compound microscope that consists of an objective lens of focal length 2.0 cm and an
eyepiece of focal length 6.25 cm separated by a distance of 15 cm.
(i) What is the object distance for eye-piece, so that final image is formed at infinity?
(a) 6.25 cm from the eyepiece
(b) 6.25 cm from the objective
(c) 2 cm from the objective
(d) 2 cm from the eyepiece
(ii) What is the nature of intermediate image formed by the objective of a compound microscope?

(a) Real, inverted & magnified

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 (b) Real, inverted & diminished
(c) Virtual, erect & magnified
(d) Virtual, inverted & magnified.
(iii) Where should the object be placed, so that final image is formed at the least distance of distinct
vision.
(a) 6.25 cm from the eyepiece
(b) 6.25 cm from the objective
(c) 2.5 cm from the objective
(d) 2 cm from the eyepiece
(iv) What is the magnifying power of the microscope when final image is formed at the least distance
of distinct vision?
(a) 10
(b) 20
(c) 15
(d) 12

30. CASE STUDY

Read the following paragraph and answer the questions.
The moving coil galvanometer (MCG) is a device which based on the
principle that , torque experienced by current carrying coil placed in
a uniform magnetic field. The galvanometer consists of a coil with
many turns, free to rotate about a fixed axis in a uniform radial
magnetic field. There is a cylindrical soft iron core which not only
makes the field radial but also increases the strength of the magnetic
field. When a current flows through the coil, a torque acts on it. This
torque is given by = NI AB where the symbols have their usual
meaning. Since the field is radial by design, we have taken sin θ = 1 .The magnetic torque NIAB
tends to rotate the coil. A spring Sp provides a counter torque kϕ that balances the magnetic torque
NIAB; resulting in a steady angular deflection ϕ .In equilibrium kϕ = NI AB where k is the tensional
constant of the spring; i.e. the restoring torque per unit twist.
Φ = (NBA/K)I
(i) A galvanometer with resistance 1000 Ω gives full scale deflection at 0.1 mA. What value of
resistance should be added to 1000 Ω to increase its current range 10 A.
(a) 0.01 Ω in series (b) 0.01 Ω in parallel
(c ) 0.1 Ω in series (d) 0.1 Ω in parallel
(ii) A resistance of 980 Ω is connected in series with a voltmeter, after which the scale division
becomes 50 times larger. The resistance of voltmeter is
(a) 10 Ω (b) 20 Ω (c) 100 Ω (d) 200 Ω
(iii) How is the magnetic field is made radial in a moving coil galvanometer?
(a) By using a strong magnet
(b) By using a soft iron core
(c) By using a circular coil
(d) Both (a) & (b)
(iv) The voltage sensitivity of a moving coil galvanometer can be increased
(a) By increasing area of the coil
(b) By decreasing the number of turns
(c) By increasing current
(d) By connecting a helical spring
SECTION E

31. Use Gauss theorem to find electric field due to thin sheet of charge.
(a) A point charge (+Q) is kept in the vicinity of uncharged
conducting plate. Sketch electric field lines between the
charge and the plate.
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 (b)Two infinitely large plane thin parallel sheets having
surface charge densities ϭ1 and ϭ2 as shown in the figure.
Write the magnitudes and directions of the net fields
in the regions marked II .
OR
(a) Prove that energy stored per unit volume in a capacitor is given by (1/2) ε0 E2, where E is the electric
field inside the capacitor?
(b) An air capacitor is given a charge of 2µC raising its potential to 200 V. If on inserting a dielectric
medium, its potential falls to 50 V, what is the dielectric constant of the medium?
32. A coil of number of turns N, area A, is rotated at a constant angular speed ω, in a uniform magnetic
field B, and resistance R. Deduce expression for;
(i) Maximum emf induced in the coil
(ii) Power dissipation in the coil.
(iii) Plot a graph emf E~ t (time) for a complete cycle.
.
OR
(a)Derive an expression for the average power consumed in a series LCR circuit connected to an a.c.
source in which the phase difference between the voltage and the current in the circuit is Ф.
(b) What is power factor in an a.c. circuit? Why should the power factor should have high value in
high power transmission?

33. (i) Analytically find the condition of maxima and minima when two wave from coherent sources
overlap with each other.
(ii) Find the ratio of intensities at two points on a screen in young’s double slit experiment when
waves from the two slits have a path difference wave (a) 0 and (b) λ/4.

OR
1 1 1
(a) Derive the lens formula = − for a concave lens using the necessary ray diagram.
f v u
(b .An illuminated object and a screen are placed 90 cm apart. Determine the focal length and nature
of the lens required to produce a clear image on the screen, twice the size of the object.

Page 43 of 49
 SAMPLE PAPER-7
CLASS- XII
SUB: PHYSICS (042)
Time Allowed: 3 Hours Maximum Marks: 70
SECTION A

1. What is the angle between electric field and equipotential surface? (i)900 always
(ii) 00 always (iii) 00 𝑡𝑜 900 (iv) 00 𝑡𝑜 1800
2. Two point charges A and B having charges +𝒒 and −𝒒 respectively, are placed at certain distance apart
and force acting between them is F. If 25% charge of A is transferred to B, then force between the charges
becomes: [1]
𝟗𝑭 𝟏𝟔𝑭 𝟒𝑭
(i) F (ii) 𝟏𝟔 (iii) (iv)
𝟑 𝟑
3. A cell of emf E and internal resistance r is connected across an external resistor R. The graph showing
variation of P.D. across R versus R is:

a b c d
(i) a (ii) b (iii) c (iv) d
7
4. The capacitance of a capacitor becomes 6 times its original value if a dielectric slab of thickness 𝑡 =
2
𝑑 is introduced in between plates, where d is the separation between the plates. The dielectric
3
14 11
constant of the slab is : (i) (ii) 14
11
7 11
(iii)11 (iv) 7
5. The materials suitable for making electromagnets should have (i)High relative
permeability & High susceptibility
(ii)High relative permeability & Low susceptibility
(iii)Low relative permeability & High susceptibility
(iv)Low relative permeability & Low susceptibility
6. An ammeter reads up to 1A. Its internal resistance is 0.81Ω. To increase the range to 10A, the value of
the required shunt is :
(i) 0.03Ω (ii)0.3Ω (iii) 0.9Ω (iv) 0.09Ω
7. In a series LCR circuit, the voltage across the resistance, capacitance and inductance is 10V each. If the
capacitance is short circuited the voltage across the inductance will be:
(i)10V (ii)10√2 (iii) 10⁄ (iv) 20V
√2
8. A metallic square loop ABCD is moving in its own plane with velocity v in a uniform magnetic field
perpendicular to its plane as shown in the figure. Electric field is
induced: [1]
(i) in AB, but not in BD
(ii) in BD, but not in AB
(iii) neither in AC nor in BD
(iv) in both AC and CD

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 9. A plane electromagnetic wave of frequency 30 MHz travels in free space along x-
direction. The electric field component of the wave at a particular point of space and
time is 𝐸 = 6 𝑉𝑚−1 along y-direction. Its magnetic field component B at this point
would be:
(i) 2 × 10−8 𝑇 along z-direction (ii) 6 × 10−8 𝑇 along x-direction
(iii) 2 × 10−8 𝑇 along y-direction (iv) 6 × 10−8 𝑇 along z-direction

10. In a compound microscope, the intermediate image is:

(i) virtual, erect and magnified (ii) real, erect and magnified
(iii) real, inverted and magnified (iv) virtual, erect and reduced
11. Yellow light is used in a single slit diffraction experiment with slit width of 0.6 mm. If yellow light is
replaced by X-rays, then the observed pattern will reveal:
(i) that the central maximum is narrower. (ii) more number of fringes.
(iii) less number of fringes (iv) no diffraction pattern
12. A student measures the focal length of a convex lens by putting an object pin at a distance ‘u’ from the
lens and measuring the distance ‘v’ of the image pin. The graph between ‘u’ and ‘v’ plotted by the
student should look like:

(i)
(ii)

(iii) (iv)

Two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select
the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

(b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false and R is also false
13. Assertion (A):An electric bulb starts glowing instantly as it is switched on.
Reason(R) :Drift speed of electrons in a metallic wire is very large.
14. Assertion (A): Photoelectric effect demonstrates the wave nature of light.
Reason (R) : The number of photoelectron is proportional to the frequency of light.
15. Assertion (A):The displacement current satisfies the property of continuity.
Reason (R): The sum of displacement and conduction currents remains constant along a closed path.
16. Assertion: Energy is released in nuclear fission as well as nuclear fusion.
Reason : In both processes the total binding energy of daughter nuclei is larger than the total binding
energy of parent nucleus.

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 SECTION B
17. Derive the expression for the torque acting on a magnetic dipole placed in a uniform magnetic field.

OR
What is Curies law of magnetism? Why diamagnetic materials do not affected by temperature?
18. A coil of inductance 0.50 H and resistance 100 Ω is connected to a 240 V, 50 Hz ac supply. Find the
maximum current in the coil?
19. A ray of light passes through an equilateral glass prism such that the angle of incidence is equal to angle
𝟑
emergence and each of these angles is equal to 𝟒 of angle of prism. What is the value of angle of
deviation?
20. The energy levels of an atom are given below in the diagram. Which of the transitions belongs to
Lyman and Balmer series ? Calculate the ratio of shortest wavelengths of the Lyman and the
Balmer series of the spectra.
[2]

21. Explain how the width of the depletion layer in a p-n junction diode changes when the junction is
(i) forward biased (ii) reverse biased.

SECTION C
22. Two capacitors of capacitance 10 𝜇𝐹 and 20𝜇𝐹 are connected in series with a 6V battery. After the
capacitors are fully charged, a slab of dielectric constant(K) is inserted between the plates of the two
capacitors. How will the following be affected after the slab is introduced?
(a) the charges on the two capacitors
(b) the electric filed energy stored in the capacitors
(c) the potential difference between the plates of the capacitors
Justify your answer.
23. Derive the expression for resistivity of a conductor in terms of its material parameters.
OR
Using Kirchhoff's laws obtain the relation between the resistances of a balanced Wheatstone bridge.
24. (i)A monochromatic light of wavelength 500 nm is incident normally on a single slit of width 0.2 mm
to produce a diffraction pattern. Find the angular width of the central maximum obtained on the screen.
(ii)Estimate the number of fringes obtained in Young's double slit experiment with slit separation
0.5mm, which can be accommodated within the region of total angular spread of the central maximum
due to single slit.
25. Define the terms (i) cut-off voltage (ii) threshold frequency in relation to the phenomenon of
photoelectric effect. Using Einstein’s photoelectric equation show how the cut-off voltage and
threshold frequency for a given photosensitive material can be determined with the help of a suitable
graph.
OR
(a) Define the term intensity of radiation in photon picture.

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 (b)Plot a graph showing the variation of photo current vs collector potential for three different intensities
𝑰𝟏 > 𝑰𝟐 > 𝑰𝟑 , two of which (I1 and I2) have the same frequency 1 = 2 = ν and the third has frequency 1>v.
(c) Explain the nature of the curves on the basis of Einstein's equation.
26. Obtain the binding energy of a nitrogen nucleus ( 147𝑁) from the following data in MeV.
Given 𝑚𝐻 = 1.00783 𝑢 , 𝑚𝑛 = 1.00867 𝑢 , 𝑚𝑁 = 14.00307 𝑢
27. (a) A giant refracting telescope at an observatory has an objective lens of focal length 15m. If an
eyepiece of focal length 1.0cm is used, what is the angular magnification of the telescope?
(b) If this telescope is used to view the moon, what is the diameter of the image of the moon formed by
the objective lens? The diameter of the moon is 3.48 × 106m, and the radius of lunar orbit is 3.8 ×
108m.
28. (a) What is the wavelength of light waves if their frequency is 5.0×1014 Hz?
(b) How does oscillating charge produce electromagnetic waves?
(c) Sketch a schematic diagram depicting oscillating electric and magnetic fields of an em wave
propagating along + z. direction.

SECTION D

29. Case Study: Total Internal Reflection

Read the following paragraph and answer the questions.
If light passes from an optically denser medium to a rarer medium, then at the interface, the light is partly
reflected back into the denser medium and partly refracted to the rarer medium. This reflection is called
internal reflection. As the angle of incidence i increases, the angle of refraction r also increases. At a certain
value of i, the angle of refraction becomes 90°. This angle of incidence in the denser medium for which the
angle of refraction in the rarer medium is 90° is called the critical angle of the denser medium (ic). If i is
increased beyond ic, no refraction is possible, and the incident ray is totally reflected. This phenomenon is
known as total internal reflection. Multiple internal reflections in diamond (ic =24.4°), totally reflecting
prisms and mirage, are some examples of total internal reflection. Optical fibres consist of glass fibres
coated with a thin layer of material of lower refractive index. Light incident at an angle at one end comes out
at the other, after multiple internal reflections, even if the fibre is bent.
(i) If the critical angle for total internal reflection from a medium to vacuum is 30, the velocity of
light in the medium is
(a) 3 × 108 m/s (b) 1.5 × 108 m/s (c) 0.5 × 108 m/s (d) 0.2 × 108 m/s
(ii) The phenomena involved in the reflection of radio waves by ionosphere is similar to
(a) reflection of light by plane mirror
(b) total internal reflection of light in air during a mirage
(c) dispersion of light by water molecules during the formation of a rainbow
(d) scattering of light by the particles of air
(iii) The bending of light in U-shape and the formation of Mirage is due to the phenomenon of
(a) refraction of light only (b) total internal reflection of light only
(c) refraction and total internal reflection of light (d) dispersion of light only
(iv) A glass prism of refractive index 1.5 is immersed in water ( µ = 4/3 ) .
A light beam incident normally on the face AB is totally reflected
to reach on the face BC if
8
(a) Sin 𝜃 ≥ 9
2 8
(b) 3 < sin θ < 9
8
(c) sin θ ≤ 9
2
(d) sin θ ≤ 3
Page 47 of 49
 30. Magnet in a wire loop A wire in the form of a loop in connected to a sensitive current meter or
galvanometer as shown in above figure. When a bar magnet is pushed through the loop , the needle in
the galvanometer will move , indicating an induced current . However we stop the motion of the bar
magnet, the current returns to zero. The field from the magnet will only induce a current when it is
increasing or decreasing.

(i) Due to which phenomenon, the current is induced in the wire loop , when a bar magnet is
pushed through the loop.
a. Electromagnetic induction b. Magnetic effect of current c.
Electrostatic shielding d. Biot savart’s law
(ii) The total no. of magnetic lines of force crossing the surface of wire loop normally is called
a. Magnetic field b. Magnetic flux c. Induced
current d. Magnetic lines
(iii) If we pull the bar magnet back out from the wire loop , the needle of galvanometer deflects in
a. Same direction b. Opposite direction c. Remains
constant d. Needle points at zero
(iv) If the bar magnet remains stationary inside the wire loop, then
a. Current flows through galvanometer
b. No current flows through galvanometer
c. Galvanometer shows out of deflection
d. Bar magnet will be charged
31. (a) State Gauss’s theorem in electrostatics. Using this theorem, derive an expression for the electric field
intensity due to an infinitely long, straight wire of linear charge density λ C/m.
(b) Two parallel uniformly charged infinite plane sheets, ‘1’ and ‘2’, have
charge densities +𝜎 and −2𝜎 respectively. Give the magnitude and direction of the net electric field at a
point (i) in between the two sheets and (ii) outside and near the sheet ‘1’.
OR
(a)Deduce an expression for the electric field at a point on the equatorial
plane of an electric dipole of length 2a.
(b)Two small identical electrical dipoles AB and CD, each of dipole
moment ‘p’ are kept at an angle of 1200 as shown in the figure. What is the
resultant dipole moment of this combination? If this system is subjected to
electric field ( 𝐸⃗⃗ ) directed along +𝑋 direction, what will be the magnitude
and direction of the torque acting on this?
32. (a) Use Biot-Savart law to derive the expression for the magnetic field due to a circular coil of radius R
having N turns at a point on the axis at a distance 'x' from its centre.
(b) Two identical coils P and Q each of radius ‘R’ are lying in perpendicular planes such that they have a
common centre. Find the magnitude and direction of the magnetic field at the common centre of the two
coils, if they carry currents equals to 𝐼 and √3 𝐼 respectively.
Page 48 of 49
 OR
(a)With the help of a diagram, explain the principle and working of a moving coil galvanometer.
(b) A voltmeter of a certain range is constructed by connecting a resistance of 𝟗𝟖𝟎 𝛀 in series with a galvanometer.
When the resistance of 𝟒𝟕𝟎 𝛀 is connected in series after removing 980 Ω , the range get halved. Find the
resistance of the galvanometer.
33. (a) Draw the energy band diagrams for the conductor and intrinsic semiconductor. Write any two
distinguishing features between them on the basis of energy band diagrams.
(b)The number of silicon atoms per m3 is 5×1028. This is doped simultaneously with 5×1022 atoms
per m3 of arsenic and 5×1020 per m3 atoms of indium. Calculate the number of electrons and holes. Given
that ni=1.5×1016 /m3.
OR
(a)State and explain the processes involved in the formation
of p-n junction mentioning how the depletion layer is formed.
(b) If each diode in figure has a forward bias resistance of 25Ω
and infinite resistance in reverse bias, what will be the values
of current I1, I2, I3 and I4 ?

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