th

Class 10
Social Science
Economics |Development
 Economics |Development
Development

Same pattern
Individual Development National Development
of topics

● What?
● How to compare?
● Income and criteria other than Income.

Sustainable Development
 Economics |Development

Choose the correctly matched option from Column A and Column B.

Column A Column B CBSE 2020

A. Landless rural labourers Availability of additional sources of irrigation facilities.

B. Prosperous farmers from Punjab More days of work and better wages.

C. Farmers who depend Higher support prices for their crops for farmers.
only on rain for growing crops

D. A girl from a rich urban family. She gets as much freedom as her brother.
 Economics |Development
Development What development promises?
● Different people different development goals, even contradictory
● Example: Dam construction
Income and other Goals

● We look at a mix of goals

National Development Thinking about fair and just path for all because ….

How to compare different countries or states?

Total income Average income/Per-capita Income Limitation is that it

hides
disparity/Income
Income of all the residents. Total income divide by its total population distribution

World Development Report brought by World Bank uses per capita income to compare and classify countries.

Countries with per capita income of US$ 49,300 per annum and above in 2019, are called high income or rich
countries and those with per capita income of US$ 2500 or less are called low-income countries.
 Economics |Development

Look at the image given below:

Which of the following goals of development should be prioritised in this region?
CBSE 2023

A. Reducing income disparities

B. Combating climate change

C. Ending gender violence

D. Ensuring caste equality

 Economics |Development

Beside income, there are important attributes to compare nations. (infant

Income and other criteria mortality rate, Literacy rate, Net attendance ratio)

(Comparative data on Haryana, Kerala and Bihar)

● Money in your pocket cannot buy all the goods and services that you may need to live well.
● Facilities that are essential for all the people to live a quality life and provided by the
Public facilities government to the people are called public facilities.
●
Health, education and PDS

Human development report Published by UNDP, compares countries on the basis of education, Health and Income.

● Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the
Sustainability of development ability of future generations to met their own needs.
● Eg: Ground water and crude oil
 Key Words
Economics |Development

Per Capita Income : The Per Capita Income is the Literacy Rate It measures the proportion of the literate
total income of the country divided by its total population in the 7-and above age group. It signifies
population. It is also called average income. how much population can read and write.

Net Attendance Ratio : It is the total number of children

World Development Report : Report brought by of age group 14 and 15 years attending school as a
World Bank, in this report countries are compared percentage of total number of children in the same age
on the basis of Per capita income of its citizens. group.
According to this report, countries are classified as
developed or developing.
Life Expectancy : Life expectancy at birth denotes, as the
name suggests, average expected length of life of a
Infant Mortality Rate : Infant Mortality Rate person at the time of birth.
indicates the number of children that die before
the age of one year as a proportion of 1000 live
Human Development Report : The report published
children born in that particular year.
under the UNDP ( United Nations development
Public Distribution System(PDS) : A food security programme ) where countries are compared on the
basis of per capita income, education, and health status
system established by the Government of India to
of the population. According to these principles,
provide essential items at subsidised rate countries are ranked over Human development Index.
e.g. rice, wheat, sugar, kerosene.
 Economics |Development

Give examples to prove that there are other important developmental goals than
income.

● Besides income, the developmental goals of various categories of people are different from person to person.
● For rich farmer, development means higher support price for crops, cheap labour and subsidised inputs.
● For landless rural labourer, development means more days of work, schools for their children and no social
discrimination.
For adivasi, development means no social discrimination, year round employment, school education for
●
children and PDS shop in his village.
For urban girl from rich family, development means freedom to choose her profession or being able to pursue
●
her higher studies abroad.
 Economics |Development

What do you mean by Per Capita Income of a country? How can it be used to
compare two countries? Is there any limitation to its use?

● The Per Capita Income of a country is the total Income of the country divided by its total population.
● It is used to compare the development of countries by the World Bank.
● The country with a higher Per Capita Income implies that its people are earning more on an average
and this is considered the indicator of higher development.
However, this hides the fact that there may be wide differences in the earnings of people, which
●
implies inadequate social development.
 Economics |Development

Why is the issue of sustainability important for development?

● Sustainability for development or sustainable development refers to development which

takes place without damaging the environment.

● The issue of sustainability is essential for development because it should not compromise
on the needs of future generations, otherwise it is meaningless.
● Reckless exploitation of non-renewable natural resources is going on. Since, the stock of
natural resources like oil and minerals is limited, development should not take place at
the cost of these scarce natural resources, as they are not renewable in the near future.
 Economics |Development

CBSE Board Paper 2019 - Set [32/1/1]

"Consequences of environmental degradation do not respect national or state boundaries."

Justify the statement. 3

i) Environmental problems, like pollution and climate change, affect everyone, not just one
country or region, as they can spread across borders.

ii) The future of the environment is connected globally, meaning that environmental degradation
impacts all nations, requiring collective action.

iii) To address these issues, experts from different fields, such as scientists, economists, and
philosophers, are working together to find solutions, showing that environmental problems are a
shared responsibility.
 Economics |Development

CBSE Board Paper 2020 - Set [32/4/1]

On what basis is the criterion used by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) for
measuring development different from the one used by the World Bank ? Explain. 3

i) The UNDP measures development using a combination of factors like health, education, and
income, while the World Bank focuses only on per capita income.

ii) The UNDP takes a broader approach to development by considering how healthy and
educated people are, not just how much money they earn.

iii) Unlike the World Bank, which mainly looks at income, the UNDP looks at the overall
well-being of people to measure development.