VOICE

 The term “voice” in grammar refers to how a verb shows whether the subject of a
sentence is doing the action or receiving it.
 It explains the relationship between the action and the participants (the subject
and the object) in the sentence.
THE TWO VOICES IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE
 Active Voice
 Passive Voice
WHAT IS ACTIVE VOICE?
Active Voice
 It denotes that the noun or pronoun that acts as the subject in the sentence is the
doer of the action.
EXAMPLE
 Maya writes poetry.
 The teacher discussed the lesson.
Passive Voice
 The passive voice means that the subject is not doing the action; instead, it
is receiving the action.
 It can also be said that the passive voice indicates that the subject in the sentence
is no longer active but passive because something is being done to it, not by it.
EXAMPLE
 The poetry is written by Ohwen.
Active Voice Passive Voice
Definition: The subject performs the Definition: The subject is acted upon by the
action. action or verb.
Focus: The focus is on the doer of the Focus: The focus is on the receiver of the
action (who is doing the action). action (who is affected by the action).
Verb: The verb is in its simple form Verb: A linking verb (like "is" or "was") is
and doesn't require a linking verb. used, followed by the past participle of the
main verb.
When to use: Use when you want to When to use: Use when the doer of the
emphasize who is doing the action. action is unknown, unimportant, or you want
to emphasize the action itself or the receiver.
Example: "I decorated the hall." (The Example: "The hall was decorated by me."
subject "I" is doing the action) (The subject "the hall" is receiving the action,
and "I" is the doer)
Structure: Subject + verb + object Structure: Subject + linking verb (is/was) +
past participle + (by + doer)
Additional info: In active voice, the Additional info: Passive voice can be useful
sentence is more direct and often in formal writing, scientific reports, or when
easier to understand. the doer is unknown or not important.

RULES TO BE FOLLOWED WHEN CONVERTING THE ACTIVE VOICE TO THE PASSIVE VOICE
 When converting a sentence in the active voice to the passive voice, the first thing
that you have to do is interchange the subject and the object.
 The next part of speech you have to focus in on the verb. When converting the
active voice into the passive voice, you just have to convert the main verb into its
past participle.
  When you are changing the tense of the main verb, make sure you use an auxiliary
verb which maintains the tense the sentence represents.
 Always use the preposition, ‘by’ before the subject in a passive sentence.
 If there are any adverbs used in the sentence with the active voice, be sure to
include it in the passive voice as well. Do not just drop it when you convert a
sentence in the active voice to the passive voice or vice-versa.


CHANGE OF PRONOUNS
I Me
We Us
He Him
She Her
They Them
It It

Table I: Conversion Rules for Active and Passive Voice in

Tense Present Tense
Voice Simple Tense Continuous Perfect Perfect
Tense Tense Continuous
Tense
Active Zia writes her Zia is writing Zia has Zia has been
research. her written her writing her
Present research. research. research.
Tense Passive Her research is Her research Her research Not
written by Zia. is being has been applicable
written by written by
Zia. Zia.

HOW TO STRUCTURE FOR PRESENT TENSE?

SIMPLE PRESENT
 ACTIVE: subject + base verb + object
 PASSIVE: object + is/am/are + past participle + (by+ subject)
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
 ACTIVE: subject + is/am/are + verb (-ing) + object
 PASSIVE: Object + is/am/are + being + past participle + (by + subject)
PRESENT PERFECT
 ACTIVE: subject + has/have + past participle + object
 PASSIVE: object + has/have + been + past participle + (by+ subject)

Table II. Conversion Rules for Active and Passive Voice in Past
Tense Tense
Voice Simple Tense Continuous Perfect Perfect
Tense Tense Continuous
Tense
Active The learners The learners The learners The learners
studied the were had studied had been
lessons. studying the the lessons. studying the
Past lessons. lessons.
Tense Passive The lessons were The lessons The lessons Not
studied by the were being had been applicable
learners. studied by studied by
the learners. the learners.
HOW TO STRUCTURE FOR PAST TENSE?
SIMPLE PAST
 ACTIVE: subject + past verb + object
 PASSIVE: object + was/were + past participle + (by + subject)
PAST CONTINUOUS
 ACTIVE: subject + was/were + verb (-ing) + object
 PASSIVE: object + was/were + being + past participle + (by + subject)
PAST PERFECT
 ACTIVE: subject + had + past participle + object
 PASSIVE: object + had + been + past participle + (by + subject)

Table II. Conversion Rules for Active and Passive Voice in Future
Tense Tense
Voice Simple Tense Continuous Perfect Perfect
Tense Tense Continuous
Tense
Active Rizy will play Rizy will be Rizy will Rizy will
cricket. playing have played have been
cricket. cricket. playing
Future cricket.
Tense Passive Cricket will be Not Cricket will Not
played by Rizy. applicable have been applicable
played by
Rizy

HOW TO STRUCTURE FOR FUTURE TENSE?

SIMPLE FUTURE
 ACTIVE: subject + will + base verb + object
 PASSIVE: object + will + be + past participle + (by + subject)
FUTURE PERFECT
 ACTIVE: subject + will + have + past participle + object
 PASSIVE: object + will +have +been + past participle + (by + subject)
EXAMPLES:
 For the examples, given 3 sentences in 3 tenses, and all they need to do is
transform those sentences in each tense of verbs.
ACTIVE:
1. A C presents the infographic material.
2. The students participated in a debate.
3. Rai will play Mobile Legends.

ANSWER KEY:
MOTIVATION
 The Science Club is preparing its exhibits.
ANSWER: Its exhibits are being prepared by the Science Club.
 The posters are being designed by art students.
ANSWER: The art students are designing the posters.
 The final set-up will be done by the volunteers tomorrow.
ANSWER: The volunteers will do the final set-up tomorrow.

EXAMPLES
EXAMPLE NO.
Tense Voice Simple Tense1 Continuous Perfect Perfect
Tense Tense Continuous
Tense
Active A C presents the A C is A C has A C has
infographic presenting presented been
material. the the presenting
infographic infographic the
material. material. infographic
Present material.
Tense Passive The infographic The The Not
material is infographic infographic applicable
presented by A C. material is material has
being been
presented presented
by A C. by A C.

EXAMPLE NO. 2
Tense Voice Simple Tense Continuous Perfect Perfect
Tense Tense Continuous
Tense
Active The students The students The students The students
participated in a were had had been
debate. participating participated participating
Past in a debate. in a debate. in a debate.
Tense Passive A debate was A debate A debate Not
participated in by was being had been applicable
the students. participated participated
in by the by the
students. students.

EXAMPLE NO. 3
Tense Voice Simple Tense Continuous Perfect Perfect
Tense Tense Continuous
Tense
Active Rai will play Rai will be Rai will have Rai will have
Mobile Legends. playing played been playing
Mobile Mobile Mobile
Future Legends. Legends. Legends.
Tense Passive Mobile Legends Not Mobile Not
will be played by applicable Legends will applicable
Rai. have been
played by
Rai.
PRACTICE/ DRILL
Convert to Passive Voice (1-3)
1. The chef prepared a delicious meal.
ANSWER: A delicious meal was prepared by the chef.
2. The artist is painting a beautiful portrait in the gallery.
ANSWER: A beautiful portrait in the gallery is being painted by the artist.
3. The baby eats a cereal.
ANSWER: A cereal is eaten by the baby.
Convert to Active Voice (4-5)
4. The book is read by the students.
ANSWER: The students read the book.

5. The book was written by a famous author.

ANSWER: A famous author wrote the book.