PHYSICS OF MASS AND ENERGY

CYCLE: 2019-I

“SAINT TORIBIO CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF MOGROVEJO”

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

CIVIL ENGINEERING SCHOOLS

ISSUE:

 ACTIVITY N° 01: EXERCISES FROM SERWEY'S BOOK

COURSE:

 PHYSICS OF MASS AND ENERGY

TEACHING:

 RAMOS SANDOVAL, JANE SOLEDAD

REPRESENTATIVES:

 VIDARTE HUT, LUIS

CLASSROOM:
 A – 401

CHICLAYO –
PERU

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 PHYSICS OF MASS AND ENERGY
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OSCILLATORY
MOVEMENT

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Questions
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1. A bouncing ball is an example of harmonic motion

simple? A student's daily movement from
from home to school and back is a harmonious
movement
simple? Why yes or why not?
They are not examples of simple harmonic motion,
although both are periodic motions. In no case is
acceleration proportional to position. No movement is
as smooth as SHM. The acceleration of the ball is very
large when it is in contact with the floor, and the
student when the starting bell sounds.
2. A particle in a spring moves in harmonic motion
simple along the x-axis between the return points in
x1 = 100 cm and x2 = 140 cm.

i) In which of the following positions does the particle

have maximum speed?
At 120 cm we have the midpoint.
a) 100 cm Between the tipping points, so there
is equilibrium. Position and point of
b) 110 cm maximum speed

c) 120 cm
d) any other position
e) The same largest value occurs at multiple points.
x 1+ x 2
x p=

solution
2
100+140
x p=
2
x p=120 cm

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ii) In which position does it have maximum CYCLE: 2019-I
acceleration? Choose from the same
odds.
In simple harmonic motion the.
a) 100 cm Acceleration is maximum when
excursion. From equilibrium it is
a maximum.
b) 110 cm
c) 120 cm
d) any other position
e) The same largest value occurs at multiple points.

iii) At which position is the greatest net force exerted

on the particle? In simple harmonic motion the
acceleration is maximum when
a) 100 cm the excursion. From equilibrium
it is a maximum.
b) 110 cm
c) 120 cm
d) any other position
e) The same largest value occurs at multiple points.

iv) In what position is the particle

has the greatest magnitude of momentum?
a) 100 cm
b) 110 cm At 120 cm we have the midpoint.
Between the tipping points, so
there is equilibrium. Position and
c) 120 cm
d) any other position point of maximum speed.

e) The same largest value occurs at multiple points.

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v) In which position does the particle have greater
kinetic energy?
a) 100 cm
At 120 cm we have the midpoint.
Between the tipping points, so
b) 110 cm
c) 120 cm there is equilibrium. Position and
point of maximum speed.
d) any other position
e) The same largest value occurs at multiple points.
vi) In which position does the particle-spring system
have the greatest
total energy?
a) 100 cm The total energy is a
constant.
b) 110 cm
c) 120 cm
d) any other position
e) The same largest value occurs at multiple points.

4. A material point oscillates with simple harmonic

vibrational motion of amplitude 2 cm and
frequency 10 Hz. Calculate its speed and
acceleration at time t= 1/120 s. Assume the initial
phase is zero.
ω=2 πf ε=2 f =10 t=1/120

ε cos ( ωt )
v=−2 sin ( ωt ) a=−2 cos ⁡(ωt )

ν=−2 sⅇn ( 20120π ) a=−2 ¿

1
v=−2 ( 20 π ) ( ) a=−2 ¿
2
v=20 π a=−¿

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5. For a simple harmonic oscillator, the position is

measured
as the displacement from equilibrium.
a) Can the quantities position and velocity be in the
same direction?
Yes, because in
simple
harmonic
motion, half the
time, the
velocity is in
the same
direction as the
displacement b) Can velocity and acceleration be
in the same
away from
equilibrium. address?

Yes, velocity
c) Can the position and acceleration
and be in the same
acceleration same address?
are in the same
direction
No, half
the time.
acceleration is
always opposite
to the position
vector, and
never in the
same direction. 12. A simple pendulum can be
modeled as one of simple harmonic motion whenθ it is
small. Is motion periodic whenθ it is large? How does
the period of motion vary asθ it increases?
The movement will be periodic, that is, it will be
repeated. The period is almost constant as the
amplitude increases through small values; then the
period becomes noticeably larger as θ increases
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13. A material point of mass
PHYSICS OF MASS AND ENERGY
40 g performs a simple CYCLE: 2019-I
harmonic motion at the end of a spring, of period T =0 , 32 s
. Calculate the value of the amplitude and the spring
recovery constant, knowing that the maximum value of
the force responsible for the movement is 10 N.
N
Rpt : A=65 cmk =15 , 42
m

F=KA  Maximum force

k =m w →Constante del resorte

( )
2
2π N
K=0.040 kg =15.42125688
0.32 m
F 10 N
A= = =0.6484 m¿
K N
15.4213
m

A = 65cm

Issues
15.1 A ball is dropped from a height of 4.00 m which
makes
an elastic collision with the ground. If you assume that
there is no
loss of mechanical energy due to air resistance,

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a) Show that the resulting motion is periodic. CYCLE: 2019-I
Since the collision is perfectly elastic, the ball will
bounce up to a height of 4.00 m and then repeat the
motion over and over again. Thus, the topic is
periodic.
b) Determine the period of the motion.

 To determine the period, we use:

1 2
X= gt
2

 The time for the ball to hit the

ground is
= 0.904 s
√ √
2x 2∗4 m
t=❑ =❑
g m
9.80 2
 This is equivalent to half the period, so
s

T =2∗¿ 1.81 s

c) Is the motion simple harmonic? Please explain.

The movement is not simply harmonious. The net force acting
on the ball is a constant given by F= -mg (except when it is in
contact with the ground), which is not in the form of Hooke's
law).

15.2 In an engine, a piston oscillates with simple harmonic

motion such that its position varies according to the expression
π
X =( 5.00 cm ) cos(2 t+ )
6 Amplitud

where x is in centimeters and t is in seconds. At t = 0, find

a) The position of the particle
π π
X =( 5.00 cm ) cos(2 t+ )  t=0  X =( 5.00 cm ) cos( ) = 4.33 cm

b) its speed
6 6

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V=
dx
dt
=− 10(cm
s ) π
sin ⁡(2 t+ )
6
 t=0  V= -5 cm/s

b) its acceleration.

( )  t=0  a = -5 cm/s
dv cm π
a= =− 20 2 cos ⁡(2 t+ )
dt s 6

d) Find the period and amplitude of the motion.

A=5 cm 2π 2π
T= = =3.14 s
w 2

15.3The position of a
particle is known
by the expression
x=( 4.00 m ) cos ⁡(300 πt+ π ) I compare it  x= A cos ⁡(ωt +∅ )
, where x is in
x=( 4.00 m ) cos ⁡(300 πt+ π )

meters and t in
seconds.
Determine:
ω=2 πf =3 π

= 0.667 s
1
f =1.5 Hz T=
f

a) The frequency
and period of
the movement
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A=4.00 m

∅ =π rad

x (t=0.250 s )=( 4.00 m )∗cos ( 1.75 π )=2.83 m

15.4.a) A hanging spring stretches 35.0 cm when an object

of mass 450 g is suspended from it at rest. In this
situation
its position is defined as x = 0. The object is pulled
down
a) What is its position x at a time 84.4 s later?

 Spring constant
is:
=12.6 N/m
2
F 0.045 Kg∗9.8 m/s
K= =
× 0.35

 We take the x-axis pointing downwards, so

x= A cos ωt=18 cos ❑

√ 12.6 kg
0.45 kg∗s 2
∗84.4 s=18 cos 446.6 rad=15.8 cm

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b) What would happen if? Another hanging spring

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stretches 35.5 cm
when an object of mass 440 g is hung from it at

By the same steps:

=12.1 N/m
2
F 0.044 Kg∗9.8 m/ s
K= =
× 0.355

√
x= A cos ωt=18 cos ❑
12.1 kg
0.44 kg∗s 2
∗84.4 s=18 cos 443.5 rad =−15.9 cm

This new position is defined as x = 0. Said object

It is also pulled down an additional 18.0 cm and
released from the
rest to oscillate without friction. Find your position
84.4 s
c) Why are the answers to items a) and b)
different by such a large percentage when the data is
so similar? Does this circumstance reveal a fundamental
difficulty?
to calculate the future?
The answers to (a) and (b) are not very different given
the difference in data on the two vibration systems.
But when we ask about the details of the future, the
imprecision in our knowledge about the present
makes it impossible to make accurate predictions. The
two oscillations start in phase but become completely
out of phase.

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 d) Find the distance traveled by the vibrating object in 2019-I
PHYSICS OF MASS AND ENERGY

section
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Now  446.6 rad = 71 * 2π +0.497 rad. In each cycle the object moves 4(18) =72 cm
so it has moved 71(72)cm + (18-15.8)cm = 5114.2 cm = 51.14 m

e) Find the distance traveled by the object in the

section
443.5 rad =70∗( 2 π ) +3.62 rad

Distance traveled = 70 *( 72cm) + 18 cm + 15.9 cm = 5073.9

cm = 50.74 m

15.5 A particle moving along the x axis in motion

Simple harmonic part from its equilibrium position, the
origin,
at t = 0 and moves to the right. The amplitude of its
movement
a) Show that the position of the particle is known
by
X =(2 cm)sen(3 πt)

t=0 , x=0 y v es positivo ( a la derecha ) . Por lo tanto , esta situacion corresponde a

X =A sin ωt

Given that f =1.50 Hz .

V =V i cos ωt

Also A=2 cm., so that

ω=2 πf =3 π

X=(2 cm) sin (3 πt )

Determine b) the maximum speed and the earliest

time
(t >0) at which the particle has this speed
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cm 18.8 cm
V max =vi =Aω=2∗(3 π ) =6 π =
s s

The particle has this velocity at t = 0 and the

following at:

t= = S = 0.33333S
T 1
2 3

C) The maximum acceleration and the earliest

time (t > 0) at which the particle has this
acceleration.
2 2 cm 18.8 cm
a max= A ω =2∗( 3 π ) =18 =
s
2
s

This positive value of acceleration occurs first in

3
t= t=0.500 s
4

D) The total distance traveled between t = 0

and t = 1.00 s.
2
ya que T= s y A=2
3

This positive value of acceleration occurs first at

t= t=0.500 s , the particle will travel 8 cm at this time,
3
4
therefore1 s=( 2 T ) , the particle will travel 8+4=12 cm
3

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15.6 A simple harmonic oscillator takes 12.0 s to undergo

five complete vibrations. Find

a) The period of its

movement
12
T= =2.4 s
5

b) The frequency in

1 1
f= = =0.417 Hz
t 2.40 s

c) The angular frequency in radians per

second.

ω=2 πf =2 π∗0.417=2.62 rad /s

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15.14 A 200 g block is attached to a horizontal spring

and executes
simple harmonic motion with a period of 0.250 s.
The
2π 2π
m=200 g , T =0.250 s , E=2 J ; ω= = =25.1rad /s
T 0.250

a) the force constant of the spring

E=
k∗A 2
2
= A=❑
√ √
2 E ❑ 2∗2
K
=
126
=0.178 m

b) the amplitude of the movement.

( )
2
2 rad
K=mω =0.2 kg 25.1 =126 N /m
s

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15. 15. A car having mass 1000 kg is driven into a brick wall is a
safety test. The car's bumper behaves like a spring with a
constant of 5.00x106 N/m and is compressed 3.16 cm
while the car is brought to rest. What was the speed of the
car before impact, assuming that there is no loss of
mechanical energy during the impact with the wall?

1
2
1
√
k
√
m v 2= k x 2 v=x ❑ =( 3.16 x 10−2 m ) ❑
2 m
5 x 106
10
3
=2.23 m/s

The speed of the car is 2.23 m/s

A spring block system oscillates with an amplitude of
3.50 cm. The spring constant is 250 N/m and the mass
15.16

of the block is 0.500 kg. Determine

a) The mechanical energy of the system

N 2
∗( 3.5∗10 m)
−2
250
1 m
Em= k A 2= =0.153 J
2 2
b) The maximum speed of the
block

V max = A ω donde ω=❑

√ √K ❑ 2.5
m
=
0.5
=22.4 s−1 v max=0.784 m/s

c) The maximum
acceleration.
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−1 2
a max= A ω =3.5∗10 m∗( 22.4 S ) =17.5 m/s
2 −2 2

15.17 A 50 g object, connected to a spring with a force constant

of 35 N/m, oscillates on a frictionless horizontal surface
with an amplitude of 4 cm. Find
a) The total energy of the
system
1 1 2
E= k A = ( 35 N ∕ n ) ( 4 x 1 0 m ) =28 mJ
2 −2
2 2

b) The speed of the object when the position is

1 cm
|V |=ω ❑√ A 2−x 2=❑ k
√ m
√ A 2−X 2
❑

√ 35 ❑
√ 2 2
|V |=❑ −3
( 4.1 0−2) −( 1.10−2 ) =1.02 m/s
50 10

c) Kinetic energy

1 2 1 2 1 2 1
m v = k H − k x = ( 35 ) ¿
2 2 2 2

d) The potential energy when the position is

3 cm
1 2 1 2
k x =E− m v =15.8 mJ
2 2

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15.18 A 2.00-kg object is attached to a spring and

placed on a uniform horizontal surface. A horizontal
force of 20.0 N is required to hold the object at rest
when it is pulled 0.200 m from its equilibrium position
(the origin of the x-axis). The object is now released
from rest with an initial position xi = 0.200 m and is
subjected to successive simple harmonic oscillations.
Find a) the force constant of the spring, b) the
frequency of the oscillations, and c) the maximum
speed of the object. Where does the maximum speed
occur? d) Find the maximum acceleration of the object.
Where is it presented? e) Find the total energy of the
oscillating system. Find f) the speed and g) the
acceleration of the object when its position is equal to
one third of the maximum value.

F 20 N
to) k = λ = 0.200 m =100 N /m

√ √
b) ω=❑ k =¿ ❑ 100 N /m =¿ ❑√ 50 f = ω =1.13 Hz ¿ ¿
m 2 kg 2π

c) v max=ω . A=❑√50 .0 .2=❑√ 2 m s−1 en x=0

2 10 m
d) a max=ω . A=50 x 0.2= −2 en x=0
s
1 2 1
and) E= 2 k A = 2 (100) ¿

F) |v|=ω ❑√ A2−x 2=❑√ 50 ¿

( )
0.2
g) |a|=ω x =50 3 =3.33 m/ s
2 −2

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24. A “second pendulum” is one that moves through its

equilibrium position once every second. (The period of
the pendulum is precisely 2 s.) The length of a second
pendulum is 0.992 7 m in Tokyo, Japan, and 0.994 2 m
in Cambridge, England. What is the ratio of the free-fall
accelerations at these two locations?

√
T T =2 π ❑
LT
gT √ L
T c =2 π ❑ c T T =T c =2.00 s
gc

LT L c
=
gT gc

25. A simple pendulum has a mass of 0.250 kg and a

length of 1.00 m. It moves through a 15° angle and
then releases. What are a) maximum speed, b)
maximum angular acceleration, and c) maximum
restoring force? What if? Solve this problem using the
pendulum motion module and then solve the problem
with more general principles. Compare your answers.
π
A=rθ=1 m.15 ° 0
=0.262 m
180

I. g
√ √
ω=❑ =❑
l
9.81 m/s 2
1m
=3.13 rad /s

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a) Maximum speed
v max= Aω=0.262 m3.13/ s=0.820 m/s

b) Maximum acceleration
2
a max= A ω =0.262 m ¿
amax 2.57 m/ s2 2
a max=rα α = = =2.57 rad /s
r 1

c) Maximum restoring force

2.57 m
F=ma=0.25 kg 2
=0.641 N
s

II.
a) Maximum speed
1 2
mgh= v m h=L(1−cosθ)
2

 v max=❑√ 2 gL(1−cosθ)=0.817 m/s

b) Maximum acceleration
α =mgLsenθ
mgL senθ g
α max = = senθ=2.54 rad /s
mL
2
L
c) Maximum restoring force
F max=mg senθ=0.250 ( 9.8 ) ( sen 15° ) =0.634 N

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26) The angular position of a pendulum is represented
CYCLE: 2019-I
by the equation V (0.032 0 rad) cos Wt, where V is in
radians and W 4.43 rad/s. Determine the period and
length of the pendulum.
Angular position of a pendulum θ=( 0.0320 rad ) cos( ωt)

θ(rad)

Determine the period and length of the

pendulum. ω=4.43rad ∕ s

T=
1 2π 2π
⋅
F ω 4.43 √
g
l
g
=1.42 ω=❑ =l= 2 =l=
ω
9.81
4.43 2
=0.50 m=50 cm

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