Unit 1 Introduction to Cloud Computing

1.1 Fundamentals of Cloud Computing

1.1.1 Concepts of cloud and cloud computing
1.1.2 Types of cloud based on deployment (Public, Private and Hybrid)
1.2 Cloud service models:
1.2.1 IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service), PaaS (Platform as a Service)
1.2.2 SaaS (Software as a Service)
1.2.3 Network as a Service, Database as a Service
1.3 Advantages and Disadvantages of cloud computing

1.1 Fundamentals of Cloud Computing

 Cloud Computing referred as the accessing and storing of data and provide services related
to computing over the internet. It simply referred as it remote services on the internet
manage and access data online rather than any local drives. The data can be anything like
images, videos, audios, documents, files etc.

 Cloud Computing Service Provider’s :

 Cloud computing is in huge demand so, big organization providing the service like Amazon
AWS, Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud, Alibaba cloud etc. are some Cloud Computing
service Provider.

 History of Cloud Computing :

 In this, we will discuss the history of Cloud computing. And also cover the history of client
server computing, distributed computing, and cloud computing.
 Before Computing was come into existence, client Server Architecture was used where all
the data and control of client resides in Server side. If a single user want to access some
data, firstly user need to connect to the server and after that user will get appropriate access.
But it has many disadvantages. So, After Client Server computing, Distributed Computing
was come into existence, in this type of computing all computers are networked together
with the help of this, user can share their resources when needed. It also has certain
limitations. So in order to remove limitations faced in distributed system, cloud computing
was emerged.

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 During 1961, John MacCharty delivered his speech at MIT that “Computing Can be sold as
a Utility, like Water and Electricity.” According to John MacCharty it was a brilliant idea.
But people at that time don’t want to adopt this technology. They thought the technology
they are using efficient enough for them. So, this concept of computing was not
appreciated much so and very less will research on it. But as the time fleet the technology
caught the idea after few years this idea is implemented. So, this is implemented by
Salesforce.com in 1999.

 This company started delivering an enterprise application over the internet and this way the
boom of Cloud Computing was started.

 In 2002, Amazon started Amazon Web Services (AWS), Amazon will provide storage,
computation over the internet. In 2006 Amazon will launch Elastic Compute Cloud
Commercial Service which is open for Everybody to use.

 After that in 2009, Google Play also started providing Cloud Computing Enterprise
Application as other companies will see the emergence of cloud Computing they also
started providing their cloud services. Thus, in 2009, Microsoft launch Microsoft Azure and
after that other companies like Alibaba, IBM, Oracle, HP also introduces their Cloud
Services. In today the Cloud Computing become very popular and important skill.

 The notion of computing in the "cloud" goes back to the beginnings of utility computing, a
term suggested publicly in 1961 by computer scientist JohnMcCarthy:
“If computers of the kind I have advocated become the computers of the future, then
computing may someday be organized as a public utility just as the telephone system is a
public utility… The computer utility could become the basisof a new and important industry.”
 This vision of the computing utility takes form with cloud computing industry in the 21st
century. The cloud is the Internet, and cloud computing is the technical concept that
describes software and services which run through the Internet (oran intranet) rather than on
private servers and hard drives.
 The delivery of computing services is easily available on demand just like other utilities
services such as water, electricity, telephone and gas in today's society are available.
Likewise, users (consumers) only have to pay service providers if they have access to
computing resources. Instead of maintaining their own computing systems or data centres,
customer can lease access from cloud service providers to applications and storage.
 Consumers can access the services according to their requirement with the knowing where
all their services are hosted. These models can be called as utility computing or cloud
computing.
 As cloud computing called as utility computing because users can access the infrastructure
as a “cloud”, as application, as services from anywhere part in the world. Hence Cloud
computing can be defined as a new dynamic provisioning model of computing services that
improves the use of physical resources and data centres is growing uses virtualization and
convergence to support multiple different systems that operate on server platforms
simultaneously. The output achieved with different placement schemes of virtual machines
will differ a lot.
 By observing advancement in several technologies, we can track of cloud computing that

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is (virtualization, multi-core chips), especially in hardware; Internet (Web services,

service-oriented architectures, Web 2.0), Distributed computing (clusters, grids), and
autonomous Computing, automation of the data centre) as shown in following figure.
Therefore, a Process of specification and standardization followed which resulted in
maturity and wide adoption. The rise of cloud computing is closely associated with the

maturity of these technologies.

 The advantage of using cloud computing services is that organizations can avoidthe upfront
cost and difficulty of running and managing their own IT infrastructure and pay for when they
use it. Cloud providers can benefit from large economies of scale by offering the same
services to a wide variety of customers. A few of the most popular cloud computing service
providers includeMicrosoft Azure , Amazon Web Services (AWS),Google Cloud, Alibaba
Cloud, IBM Cloud, Oracle, Salesforce, SAP, Rackspace Cloud, VMWare, etc.

1.1.1 Concepts of cloud and cloud computing

 The cloud is the Internet, and cloud computing is the technical concept that describes
software and services which run through the Internet (or an intranet) rather than on private
servers and hard drives.
 The virtual provision of cloud computing is hardware, runtime environment and resources
for a user by paying money. As of these items can be used as long as the User, no upfront
commitment requirement.
 The whole computer device collection is turned into a Utilities set that can be supplied and
composed in hours rather than days together, to deploy devices without Costs for
maintenance..
 A cloud computer's long-term vision is that IT services are traded without technology and
as utilities on an open market as barriers to the rules. We can hope in the near future that it
can be identified the solution that clearly satisfies our needs entering our application on a

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global digital market services for cloud computing.

 This market will make it possible to automate the process of discovery and integration with
its existing software systems. A digital cloud trading platform is available services will also
enable service providers to boost their revenue.
 A cloud service may also be a competitor's customer service to meet its consumer
commitments.
 Company and personal data are accessible in structured formats everywhere, which helps us
to access and communicate easily on an even larger level. Cloud computing's security and
stability will continue to improve, making it even safer with a wide variety of techniques.
 Instead of concentrating on what services and applications they allow, we do not consider
"cloud" to be the most relevant technology. The combination of the wearable and the
bringing your own device (BYOD) with cloud technology with the Internet of Things (IOT)
would become a common necessity in person and working life such that cloud technology is
overlooked.
 (Reference from “Mastering Cloud Computing Foundations and ApplicationsProgramming”
by Rajkumar Buyya)

 Cloud computing differs from traditional IT hosting services in that the consumer (whether
that’s a business, organization, or individual user) generally doesn’t own the infrastructure
needed to support the programs or applications they use.
 Instead, those elements are owned and operated by a third party, and the end- user
pays only for the services they use. In other words, cloud computing is an on-
demand, utility-based model of computing.

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1.1.2 Applications of Cloud Computing:

Types of cloud based on deployment (Public, Private and Hybrid)

 In cloud computing, we have access to a shared pool of computer resources (servers, storage,
programs, and so on) in the cloud. We simply need to request additional resources when we
require them. Getting resources up and runningquickly is a breeze thanks to the clouds.
 It is possible to release resources that are no longer necessary. This method allows us to
just pay for what we use. The cloud provider is in charge of all upkeep.
 What is a Cloud Deployment Model?
 Cloud Deployment Model functions as a virtual computing environment with adeployment
architecture that varies depending on the amount of data wanted to store and who has
access to the infrastructure.
 Types of Cloud Computing Deployment Models
 The cloud deployment model identifies the specific type of cloud
 Environment based on ownership, scale, and access, as well as the cloud’s nature and
purpose. The location of the servers utilizing and who controls them are defined by a
cloud deployment model. It specifies how the cloud infrastructure.
 Will look, what can be changed, and whether the services will be given or will have to
create everything by user. Relationships between the infrastructure and users are also
defined by cloud deployment types. Different types of cloud computing deployment
models are:
1) Public Cloud
2) Private Cloud
3) Hybrid Cloud
4) Community Cloud
5) Multi-Cloud

1) Public Cloud
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 The public cloud makes it possible for anybody to access systems and services. The public
cloud may be less secure as it is open to everyone. The public cloud is one in which cloud
infrastructure services are provided over the internet to the general people or major
industry groups. The infrastructure in this cloud model is owned by the entity that delivers
the cloud services, not by the consumer.

 It is a type of cloud hosting that allows customers and users to easily access systems and
services. This form of cloud computing is an excellent example of cloud hosting, in which
service providers supply services to a variety of customers. In this arrangement, storage
backup and retrieval services are given for free, as a subscription, or on a per-user basis.
For example, Google App Engine etc.

 Advantages of the Public Cloud Model

 Minimal Investment: Because it is a pay-per-use service, there is no substantial
upfront fee, making it excellent for enterprises that require immediate access to
resources.
 No setup cost: The entire infrastructure is fully subsidized by the cloud service
providers, thus there is no need to set up any hardware.
 Infrastructure Management is not required: Using the public cloud does not
necessitate infrastructure management.
 No maintenance: The maintenance work is done by the service provider (not users).
 Dynamic Scalability: To fulfill the company’s needs, on-demand resources are
accessible.
 Disadvantages of the Public Cloud Model
 Less secure: Public cloud is less secure as resources are public so there is no
guarantee of high-level security.
 Low customization: It is accessed by many public so it can’t be customized
according to personal requirements.
2) Private Cloud
 The private cloud deployment model is a one-on-one environment for a single user
(customer). There is no need to share the hardware with anyone else. The distinction
between private and public clouds is in how we handle all of the hardware.

 It is also called the “internal cloud” & it refers to the ability to access systems and services
within a given border or organization.

 The cloud platform is implemented in a cloud-based secure environment that is protected

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by powerful firewalls and under the supervision of an organization’s IT department.

 The private cloud gives greater flexibility of control over cloud resources.

 Advantages of the Private Cloud Model

 Better Control: We are the sole owner of the property. We gain complete command
over service integration, IT operations, policies, and user behaviour.
 Data Security and Privacy: It’s suitable for storing corporate information to which
only authorized staff have access. By segmenting resources within the same
infrastructure, improved access and security can be achieved.
 Supports Legacy Systems: This approach is designed to work with legacy systems
that are unable to access the public cloud.
 Customization: Unlike a public cloud deployment, a private cloud allows a company
to tailor its solution to meet its specific needs.
 Disadvantages of the Private Cloud Model
 Less scalable: Private clouds are scaled within a certain range as there is a smaller
number of clients.
 Costly: Private clouds are more costly as they provide personalized facilities.
3) Hybrid Cloud
 By bridging the public and private worlds with a layer of proprietary software, hybrid
cloud computing gives the best of both worlds. With a hybrid solution, we may host the
app in a safe environment while taking advantage of the public cloud’s cost savings.
 Organizations can move data and applications between different clouds using a
combination of two or more cloud deployment methods, depending on their needs.

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 Advantages of the Hybrid Cloud Model

 Flexibility and control: Businesses with more flexibility can designpersonalized
solutions that meet their particular needs.
 Cost: Because public clouds provide scalability, we will only beresponsible for
paying for the extra capacity if we require it.
 Security: Because data is properly separated, the chances of datatheft by
attackers are considerably reduced.
 Disadvantages of the Hybrid Cloud Model
 Difficult to manage: Hybrid clouds are difficult to manage as it is acombination
of both public and private cloud. So, it is complex.
 Slow data transmission: Data transmission in the hybrid cloud takesplace through
the public cloud so latency occurs.
4) Community Cloud
 It allows systems and services to be accessible by a group of organizations. It is a
distributed system that is created by integrating the services of different clouds to address
the specific needs of a community, industry, or business.
 The infrastructure of the community could be shared between the organization which has
shared concerns or tasks. It is generally managed by a third party or by the combination of
one or more organizations in the community.

 Advantages of the Community Cloud Model

 Cost Effective: It is cost-effective because the cloud is shared by multiple
organizations or communities.
 Security: Community cloud provides better security.

 Shared resources: It allows you to share resources, infrastructure, etc. with multiple
organizations.
 Collaboration and data sharing: It is suitable for both collaboration and data
sharing.
 Disadvantages of the Community Cloud Model
 Limited Scalability: Community cloud is relatively less scalable as many

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organizations share the same resources according to their collaborative interests.

 Rigid in customization: As the data and resources are shared among different
organizations according to their mutual interests if an organization wants some
changes according to their needs they cannot do so because it will have an impact on
other organizations.
5) Multi-Cloud
 Here, multiple cloud providers are employed at the same time under this paradigm, as the
name implies. It’s similar to the hybrid cloud deployment approach, which combines
public and private cloud resources.

 Instead of merging private and public clouds, multi-cloud uses many public
clouds. Although public cloud providers provide numerous tools to improve the
reliability of their services, mishaps still occur. It’s quite rare that two distinct clouds
would have an incident at the same moment.

 As a result, multi- cloud deployment improves the high availability of your services even
more.

 Advantages of the Multi-Cloud Model

 The best features of each cloud provider’s services are mixed and matched to suit the
demands of apps, workloads, and business by choosing different cloud providers.
 Reduced Latency: To reduce latency and improve user experience, cloud regions and
zones can be chosen that are close to the clients.
 High availability of service: It’s quite rare that two distinct clouds would have an
incident at the same moment. So, the multi-cloud deployment improves the high
availability of services.
 Disadvantages of the Multi-Cloud Model
 Complex: The combination of many clouds makes the system complex and
bottlenecks may occur.
 Security issue: Due to the complex structure, there may be loopholes to which a
hacker can take advantage hence, makes the data insecure.

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1.2 Cloud service models:

 Cloud Computing can be defined as the practice of using a network of remote servers
hosted on the Internet to store, manage, and process data, rather than a local server or a
personal computer. Companies offering such kinds of cloud computing services are called
cloud providers and typically charge for cloud computing services based on usage. Grids
and clusters are the foundations for cloud computing.

 Types of Cloud Computing Services

 Most cloud computing services fall into three broad categories:

1) Software as a service (SaaS)

2) Platform as a service (PaaS)
3) Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)
 These are sometimes called the cloud computing stack because they are built on top of
one another. These abstraction layers can also be viewed as a layered architecture where
services of a higher layer can be composed of services of the underlying layer i.e. SaaS
can provide Infrastructure.

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1.2.1 IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service), PaaS (Platform as a Service)

 Infrastructure as a Service

 Infrastructure as a service (IaaS) is a service model that delivers computer infrastructure

on an outsourced basis to support various operations. Typically, IaaS is a service where
infrastructure is provided as outsourcing to enterprises such as networking equipment,
devices, database, and web servers. It is also known as Hardware as a Service
(HaaS).

 IaaS customers pay on a per- user basis, typically by the hour, week, or month. Some
providers also charge customers based on the amount of virtual machine space
they use. It simply provides the underlying operating systems, security, networking, and
servers for developing such applications, and services, and deploying development tools,

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databases, etc.

 Advantages of IaaS:
 Cost-Effective: Eliminates capital expense and reduces ongoing cost and IaaS
customers pay on a per-user basis, typically by the hour, week, or month.

 Website hosting: Running websites using IaaS can be less expensive than traditional
web hosting.

 Security: The IaaS Cloud Provider may provide better security than your existing
software.

 Maintenance: There is no need to manage the underlying data centre or the

introduction of new releases of the development or underlying software. This is all
handled by the IaaS Cloud Provider.
The various companies providing Infrastructure as a service are Amazon web services,
Bluestack, IBM, Openstack, Rackspace, and Vmware.
 Disadvantages of laaS:

 Limited control over infrastructure: IaaS providers typically manage the underlying
infrastructure and take care of maintenance and updates, but this can also mean that
users have less control over the environment and may not be able to make certain
customizations.
 Security concerns: Users are responsible for securing their own data and applications,
which can be a significant undertaking.
 Limited access: Cloud computing may not be accessible in certain regions and
countries due to legal policies.
 Platform as a Service
 PaaS is a category of cloud computing that provides a platform and environment to allow
developers to build applications and services over the internet. PaaS services are hosted in
the cloud and accessed by users simply via their web browser.

 A PaaS provider hosts the hardware and software on its own infrastructure. As a result,
PaaS frees users from having to install in-house hardware and software to develop or run a
new application. Thus, the development and deployment of the application take place
independent of the hardware.

 The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure including
network, servers, operating systems, or storage, but has control over the deployed
applications and possibly configuration settings for the application-hosting environment. To
make it simple, take the example of an annual day function, you will have two options
either to create a venue or to rent a venue but the function is the same.

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 Advantages of PaaS:
 Simple and convenient for users: It provides much of the infrastructure and other IT
services, which users can access anywherevia a web browser.
 Cost-Effective: It charges for the services provided on a per-use basis thus
eliminating the expenses one may have for on-premises hardware and software.
 Efficiently managing the lifecycle: It is designed to support the complete web
application lifecycle: building, testing, deploying, managing, and updating.
 Efficiency: It allows for higher-level programming with reduced complexity thus, the
overall development of the application can be more effective.
The various companies providing Platform as a service are Amazon Web services Elastic
Beanstalk, Salesforce, Windows Azure, Google App Engine, cloud Bees and IBM smart
cloud.
 Disadvantages of PaaS:

 Limited control over infrastructure: PaaS providers typically manage the underlying
infrastructure and take care of maintenance and updates, but this can also mean that users
have less control over

 the environment and may not be able to make certain customizations.

 Dependence on the provider: Users are dependent on the PaaS provider for the
availability, scalability, and reliability of the platform, which can be a risk if the provider
experiences outages or other issues.

 Limited flexibility: PaaS solutions may not be able to accommodate certain types of
workloads or applications, which can limit the value of the solution for certain
organizations.
1.2.2 SaaS (Software as a Service)
 Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) is a way of delivering services and applications over the
Internet. Instead of installing and maintaining software, we simply access it via the
Internet, freeing ourselves from the complex software and hardware management. It

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removes the need to install and run applications on our own computers or in the data
centres eliminating the expenses of hardware as well as software maintenance.

 SaaS provides a complete software solution that you purchase on a pay-as-you- go basis
from a cloud service provider. Most SaaS applications can be run directly from a web
browser without any downloads or installations required. The SaaS applications are
sometimes called Web-based software, on-demand software, or hosted software.
 Advantages of SaaS

 Cost-Effective: Pay only for what you use.

 Reduced time: Users can run most SaaS apps directly from their web browser without
needing to download and install any software.
 This reduces the time spent in installation and configuration and can reduce the issues
that can get in the way of the software deployment.
 Accessibility: We can Access app data from anywhere.

 Automatic updates: Rather than purchasing new software, customers rely on a SaaS
provider to automatically perform the updates.
 Scalability: It allows the users to access the services and features on-demand.
The various companies providing Software as a service are Cloud9 Analytics,
Salesforce.com, Cloud Switch, Microsoft Office 365, Big Commerce, Eloqua, dropBox,
and Cloud Tran.
 Disadvantages of SaaS:
 Limited customization: SaaS solutions are typically not as customizable as on-
premises software, meaning that users may have to work within the constraints of the
SaaS provider’s platform and may not be able to tailor the software to their specific
needs.
 Dependence on internet connectivity: SaaS solutions are typically cloud-based,
which means that they require a stable internet connection to function properly. This

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can be problematic for users in areas with poor connectivity or for those who need to
access the software in offline environments.
 Security concerns: SaaS providers are responsible for maintainingthe security of the
data stored on their servers, but there is still a risk of data breaches or other security
incidents.
 Limited control over data: SaaS providers may have access to a user’s data, which
can be a concern for organizations that need to maintain strict control over their data
for regulatory or other reasons.
1.2.3 Network as a Service, Database as a Service
 Network-as-a-service (NaaS) is a cloud service model in which customers rent
networking services from cloud providers. NaaS allows customers to operate their own
networks without maintaining their own networking infrastructure.
 Like other cloud services, NaaS vendors run networking functions using software,
essentially allowing companies to set up their own networks entirely without hardware. All
they need is Internet connectivity.
 NaaS can replace virtual private networks (VPNs), multiprotocol label switching (MPLS)
connections, or other legacy network configurations. It can also replace on-premise
networking hardware such as firewall appliances and load balancers.
 A newer model for routing traffic and applying security policies, NaaS has had a major
impact on enterprise networking architecture.

 Advantages of NasS:

 Flexibility: Cloud services offer more flexibility and greater customization. Changes are
made to the network via software, not hardware. IT teams are often able to reconfigure their
corporate networks on demand.
 Scalability: Cloud services like NaaS are naturally more scalable thantraditional, hardware-
based services. Enterprise NaaS customers can simply purchase more capacity from a
vendor instead of purchasing, plugging in, and turning on more hardware.
 Access from anywhere: Depending on how a cloud-based network is configured,
users may be able to access it from anywhere — and on any device — without using a
VPN, although this introduces the need for strong access control. Ideally, all a user needs are
an Internet connectionand login credentials.
 No maintenance: The cloud provider maintains the network, managing software and
hardware upgrades.
 Bundled with security: NaaS makes it possible for a single provider to offer both networking

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services and security services like firewalls. This results in tighter integration between the
network and network security.
 Cost savings: This advantage depends on the vendor. However, purchasing cloud services
instead of building one's own services often results in cost savings: cloud customers do not
need to purchase and maintain hardware, and the vendor already has the servers they need to
provide the service.

 Disadvantages of NasS:

 Compatibility: The NaaS vendor's infrastructure may not be compatible with legacy
systems that are still in place — older hardware, on-premise-based applications, etc.
 Legacy data centres: In many enterprises, important applications and processes still run in
on-premise data centres, not the cloud. This makes migration to a NaaS model slightly more
challenging (although services such as Cloudflare Network Interconnect can help overcome
this challenge).
 Vendor lock-in: Moving to a cloud service always introduces the risk thatan enterprise may
become too reliant on that particular service provider.If the service provider's infrastructure
fails or if they raise their prices, vendor lock-in can have major repercussions.

 Database as a Service (DBaaS):

 Like SaaS, PaaS and IaaS of cloud computing we can consider DBaaS (also known as
Managed Database Service) as a cloud computing service. It allows users associated with
database activities to access and use a cloud database system without purchasing it.
 DBaaS and cloud database comes under Software as a Service (SaaS) whose demand is
growing so fast. In simple we can say Database as a Service (DBaaS) is self-service/ on
demand database consumption coupled with automation of operations.
 As we know cloud computing services are like pay per use so DBaaS also based on same
payment structure like how much you will use just pay for your usage. This DBaaS
provides same function as like standard traditional and relational database models. So,
using DBaaS, organizations can avoid data base configuration, management, upgradation
and security.
 Advantages of DBaaS:

 DBaaS is responsible of the info supplier to manage and maintain infohardware and
code.
 The hefty power bills for ventilation and cooling bills to stay the serversrunning area unit
eliminated.
 An organization that subscribes to DBaaS is free from hiring infodevelopers or
constructing an info system in-house.
 Make use of the most recent automation, straightforward outs of cloudsarea unit possible
at low price and fewer time.
 Human resources needed to manage the upkeep of the system iseliminated.
 Since DBaaS is hosted off-site, the organization is free from the hasslesof power or
network failure.

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 Explore the portfolio of Oracle info as a service.

 Disadvantages of DBaaS:

 Traditional enterprises may have objections to cloud-based servicesgenerally.

 In case of significant failure of the DBaaS server or network, theorganization might
lose its knowledge.
 Companies already equipped with resources and IT-related humanresources might not
realize DBaaS solutions economically viable.
 Intrinsic network connected problems with cloud can impact theperformance of a
DBaaS.
 Features offered within the typical RDBMS might not perpetually beoffered during a
DBaaS system.
 The use of DBaaS may result in revenue loss in alternative areas of codeupdates and
hardware management.

1.3 Advantages and dis-advantages of Cloud computing

 Advantages:

1) Resources Pooling
This means that the Cloud provider used a multi-leaner model to deliver the computing resources
to various customers. There are various allocated and reassigned physical and virtual resources,
which rely on customer demand. In general, the customer has no control or information about the
location of the resources provided, but can choose location on a higher level of abstraction.
2) On-Demand Self-Service
This is one of the main and useful advantages of Cloud Computing as the user can track server
uptimes, capability and network storage on an ongoing basis. The user can also monitor computing
functionalities with this feature.
3) Easy Maintenance
The servers are managed easily and the downtime is small and there are no downtime except in
some cases. Cloud Computing offers an update every time that increasingly enhances it. The updates
are more system friendly and operate with patched bugs faster than the older ones.
4) Large Network Access
The user may use a device and an Internet connection to access the cloud dataor upload it to the
cloud from anywhere. Such capabilities can be accessed across the network and through the
internet.
5) Availability
The cloud capabilities can be changed and expanded according to the usage. This review helps the
consumer to buy additional cloud storage for a very small price, if necessary.
6) Automatic System
Cloud computing analyses the data required automatically and supports acertain service level of
measuring capabilities. It is possible to track, manage andreport the usage. It provides both the host
and the customer with accountability.

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7) Economical
It is a one-off investment since the company (host) is required to buy the storage, which can be
made available to many companies, which save the hostfrom monthly or annual costs. Only the
amount spent on the basic maintenanceand some additional costs are much smaller.
8) Security
Cloud Security is one of cloud computing's best features. It provides a snapshotof the data stored so
that even if one of the servers is damaged, the data cannotget lost. The information is stored on the
storage devices, which no other personcan hack or use. The service of storage is fast and reliable.
9) Pay as you go
Users only have to pay for the service or the space in cloud computing. No hidden or additional
charge to be paid is liable to pay. The service is economicaland space is often allocated free of
charge.
10) Measured Service
Cloud Computing resources that the company uses to monitor and record. Thisuse of resources is
analysed by charge-per-use capabilities. This means that resource use can be measured and
reported by the service provider, either on the virtual server instances running through the cloud.
You will receive a modelspay depending on the manufacturing company's actual consumption.

 Disadvantages:
Nearly all companies are using cloud computing because companies need to store the data. The
companies generate and store a tremendous amount of data.Thus, they face many security issues.
Companies would include establishmentsto streamline and optimize the process and to improve
cloud computing management.
1) Security and Privacy of Cloud

The cloud data store must be secure and confidential. The clients are so dependent on the cloud
provider. The cloud provider must take security measures necessary to secure customer data.
Securities are also the customer'sliability because they must have a good password, don't share the
password with others, and update our password on a regular basis. Hacking and malwareare also
one of the biggest problems because they can affect many customers. Data loss can result; the
encrypted file system and several other issues can be disrupted.
2) Reliable and Flexible

Reliability and flexibility are indeed a difficult task for cloud customers, which can eliminate
leakage of the data provided to the cloud and provide customertrustworthiness. To overcome this
challenge, third-party services should be monitored and the performance, robustness, and
dependence of companies supervised.
3) Cost

Cloud computing is affordable, but it can be sometimes expensive to change thecloud to customer
demand. In addition, it can hinder the small business by altering the cloud as demand can
sometimes cost more. Furthermore, it is sometimes costly to transfer data from the Cloud to the
premises.

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4) Downtime

Downtime is the most popular cloud computing challenge as a platform free from downtime is
guaranteed by no cloud provider. Internet connection also plays an important role, as it can be a
problem if a company has a non- trustworthy internet connection, because it faces downtime.
5) Lack of resources

The cloud industry also faces a lack of resources and expertise, with many businesses hoping to
overcome it by hiring new, more experienced employees.These employees will not only help solve
the challenges of the business but willalso train existing employees to benefit the company.

6) Vendor lock-in

The problem with vendor lock-in cloud computing includes clients being reliant(i.e. locked in) on
the implementation of a single Cloud provider and notswitching to another vendor without any
significant costs, regulatory restrictions or technological incompatibilities in the future. The lock-up
situationcan be seen in apps for specific cloud platforms, such as Amazon EC2, MicrosoftAzure,
that are not easily transferred to any other cloud platform and that usersare vulnerable to changes
made by their providers to further confirm the lensesof a software developer.

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