INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN

PERSON | WEEK 2 | 2ND QUARTER |

 How does the
COVID – 19
changed our
social lives?

INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN

PERSON | WEEK 2 | 2ND QUARTER |
 INTERSUBJECTIVITY
• Is the philosophical concept of the
interaction between the “self” and the
“other”. It is the mutual recognition of
each other as persons.

• It refers to the shared awareness and

understanding among persons. It is made
possible by the awareness of the self
and the other.

INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN

PERSON | WEEK 2 | 2ND QUARTER |
 INTERSUBJECTIVITY

INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN

PERSON | WEEK 2 | 2ND QUARTER |
INTERSUBJECTIVITY
• Intersubjectivity, a term originally
coined by the philosopher Edmund
Husserl (1859–1938).

• Most simply stated as the interchange

of thoughts and feelings, both conscious
and unconscious, between two persons
or “subjects,” as facilitated by empathy.
Jean-Paul Sartre
• He explains that when you look at a
person, the act of objectification
allows you to capture that person’s
freedom to be what he or she wants
to be. That is, you are limiting a
person’s possibilities by a look.

• This is evident when you stereotype

or label a person based on his or her
appearance or certain actions.
 Totalization
• occurs when one limits the other to a set of rational categories, be
they racial, sexual, or otherwise. One totalizes the other when one
claims he/ she already knows who is that person before they can
even speak to.

INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN

PERSON | WEEK 2 | 2ND QUARTER |
Edmund Husserl
• Believes that intersubjectivity is more
than just shared understanding, it is
the capability to put oneself in the
place where the other is.

• Intersubjectivity occurs when people

undergo acts of empathy because an
intersubjective experience is highly
empathic.
Empathy
• The ability to share
emotions. This emotion is
driven by a person’s
awareness that the other is
a person’s thoughts and
feelings.

• Sympathy is “feeling with”,

while empathy is “feeling in”
Availability
• the willingness of a person to be
present and be at the disposal of
another.
The Ethics of
Care
• is an ethical theory that
emphasizes the moral
dimension of relationship and
interactions.

• This moral perspective

encourages individuals to help
other people, most especially
the vulnerable.
Karol Wojtyla
( St. Pope John Paul II )
• Action reveals the nature of the
human agent.
• Through participation, the person is
able to understand the essence of
the human person and be able to
fulfill oneself.
• We participate and share a
relationship in the communal life for
the common good.
Seeming
Actions where an individual presents himself or herself
in a certain way when dealing with others. Persons take
on “roles” or act out characters when dealing with
certain people or when in certain situations.

There may be instances when people behave a certain

way in order to intentionally deceive or manipulate
other people.
Dialogue
• An interaction between persons
that happens through speech,
expressions, and body language.

• Dialogue is not confined to

words alone, actions, gestures
and other expressions may be
used to convey a person’s inner
life.
 Recognizing and
Relating to Others

INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN

PERSON | WEEK 2 | 2ND QUARTER |
Martin Buber
• a Jewish philosopher had a great
interest in the study of relating
ourselves to others.

• He said that “I” or yourself, can only be

realized through recognition of “others.”

• The “I” cannot be aware of its

uniqueness and existence without
encountering the “other.”
Several ways
by which we
relate to
others
 The “I-I” relationship

• “I-I” relationship in which people make themselves the

center of their world.

• Talking to other people does not interest them and if they talk
to others, it is the “I” who will be the center of the
conversation.

• They don't really listen to what others are sharing.

 “I-It” relationship

• “I-It” relationship is the second type of relationship.

• There are people who treat other people to the status of an

object—an It.
 “I-It” relationship

Examples:
1. Researchers who have indigenous people as their
participants. They are very prone to reducing the other
into mere It, i.e. as mere objects of investigation.
2. In the medical field practitioners look at their patients
as objects of investigation.
 “I-It” relationship

There are also “I-It” relations where the I clearly has bad intent on
the other, treating the other as a mere It or object.

Examples:
1. How oppressive employers treat their workers like
machines or robots who are immune to physical,
verbal, psychological, and emotional abuse.
2. A liquor company using the bodies of women as their
advertisement to improve sales.
 “I-It” relationship

• This kind of relationship results in what we call alienation.

• It happens when human relationships are inauthentic,

deceptive, and exploitative. It arises when a person
ceases to view the other as a distinct or authentic
person and merely considers the other person as a
mere object or a means to satisfy personal interests.
 “I-Thou” relationship

• It is in this kind of human relations that genuine sharing

of one another takes place.

• It is in this type of relationship that the other is treated as

distinctly other, the I treats the person as a Thou (You)—as
another person who is different from the I; one has a different
set of interests, visions, beliefs, values, and characteristics.
• The center of this relationship is a genuine form of
conversation: a dialogue.
 Authentic Dialogue
• Authentic dialogue is a form of
interpersonal communication that occurs
when people recognize that they are part
of a greater whole and can relate with
others within the whole.

• In some cases, non-verbal dialogical

relations are not only the more
appropriate means of conversation but
are considered a more profound form of
conversation.
INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN
PERSON | WEEK 2 | 2ND QUARTER |
 Persons with Disabilities (PWDs) and
Underprivileged Sectors of the Society
Persons with Disabilities (PWDs)
• According to the United Nations (UN)
Convention on the Rights of Persons
with Disabilities, the term “persons with
disabilities” is used to apply to those
persons who have long-term physical,
psychological, intellectual, or sensory
impairments which in interaction with
several unreasonable or discriminatory
barriers may obstruct their full and
active participation as equal members
of the society.
Paralympics
• Much like us, persons with certain conditions have also dreams
and ambitions in life. Some of them want to become teachers,
lawyers, artists, athletes, and many more.

Arnold Balais Fatima Soriano Roselle Ambubuyog

Hellen Keller (1880- 1968)

• American author, political activist

• 1st deaf-blind person to earn a
bachelor’s degree
• Anne Sullivan- Hellen’s mentor
who was visually impaired as well.
• Published her autobiography, The
Story of My Life
Nicholas James “Nick”
Vujicic (born 1982)
• Australian evangelist and
motivational speaker who was
born with phocomelia, a condition
in which a person is born with no
arms or legs.
• Founder of Life Without Limbs, a
non-profit organization and
ministry.
Roselle Ambubuyog
(born 1980)
• First visually-impaired Filipino to
graduate summa cum laude from
Ateneo de Manila University in 2001.

• Product and support manager at

Code Factory, the world’s leading
provider of software that allows the
visually impaired to access mobile
devices.
Underprivileged Sectors
of the Society
• Described as the group of people that is
suffering from different forms of social
deprivation such as denial of the enjoyment of
a similar level of comfort and/or fundamental
rights as most of the members of a civilized
society due to several economic and social
circumstances.
Underprivileged Sectors
of the Society
• Furthermore, this group of individuals is
facing various dimensions of poverty,
such as income, health deprivation,
human rights violations, gender inequity,
and many more.
Underprivileged Sectors
of the Society
The marginalized sectors
• The groups of individuals that are experiencing
the so-called marginalization, which is the act
of downgrading a person, a class of people, or a
concept to an insignificant, secondary, or
powerless situation in a society.
Underprivileged Sectors
of the Society
• The marginalized sectors, which include
jeepney drivers, farmers, fisherfolks, and
many more, are also considered as
underprivileged.
•According to the Philippine National
Police's - Women and Children
Protection Center (PNP-WCPC), 602
incidents of sexual assault were
recorded from March 17, 2020 to May
23, 2020 or an average of eight cases
a day.
•These were the times when Luzon
and other parts of the country were
on enhanced community quarantine
because of Coronavirus Disease 2019
(COVID-19).
LGBTQI++ Community
• The members of the LGBT community are
also victims of different types of violence.

• Many of them are experiencing numerous

adverse treatments like bullying,
discrimination, physical violence, and even
sexual assault because of their sexual
orientations and gender identities.
Emmanuel Levinas
• A French philosopher, we must go beyond
ourselves and concentrate more on rendering
assistance passionately and acting with
concern toward others
• Particularly to the members of our society
who have become victims of different
dimensions of poverty.
Ways on helping Underprivileged
Societies
• We can help the underprivileged by sincerely and consistently
joining in campaigns or movements that seek to empower
them.

• It is our obligation to help the underprivileged, since they are

considered as vulnerable to different forms of human rights
violation and social deprivation.
• It is also important to
promote inclusivity

The practice or policy of

providing equal access to
opportunities and resources
for people who might
otherwise be excluded or
marginalized, such as those
having physical or mental
disabilities or belonging to
other minority groups.
• Most importantly, it is our moral duty
to uphold human dignity and
importance of life, because even
though we are totally different from
each other, our shared dignity and
humanity is the thing that unifies us
all.
 The following presentation and collection of
resources will focus on students developing the
skills to achieve the following:

1 2 3 4
Provide an objective Determine two or Analyze the Cite strong and
summary of a text more themes or development of thorough textual
central ideas of a text themes or ideas over evidence to support
the course of the text their analysis