PAGE No.

CHAP!5-HYDBo CARBONS DATE

ALKANES
Sulce Caude Oid
reneralFermula
-_Cn2han

Tbay
Ahe- howe
satulalcd
Maximm
4oltncashons
n0 of
a
yciog£n
atons hei malcculs

AL Alkaas bond angle-- Log.5-Tetmhydal shoge

Thec ale do Aypes

Aliphatic taightchain hydracashsodA-

Aromalic santan henzcre hq

Loue mel al masl o hudrocalbenA Qc-

mde vela lile andhence have eel
beilia hoot
As he 0 calhen almA DLeases
mala ma inUeascs oil becomesless
velalie and heliog PouA indcaneA

Straight cais clhain

hding Peint
alkanca have highel
han hranchchain alkanet
Aroghi cdaio_alkonr - 1 vandel walhorce
gake aica plose
of Contact. togcales
 Completeg

Alkane+ Oxgen combubaon

Latbondionide wates

in complçk
Akane Ouugen omhushon Caoo monodode vsafe

Fer butone

1.Complc Lombustuon

2 CuHio + 1302 A 8CO, foH20.

2. In complee ombuslion

2 C4H 90 4C tDHo

Ezplain u Alkanex a c Uorcacwc

have high bend
CEHhave Aimi laelechronegalwity
Thay ale Non- Polai a heydo nat
Jcacd w Polat LAmPendh Lcaqcns.
 PAGE No.
DATE

HaimfulLhecls
CO caudea global uwamng
UeaAeA h aveae emp
eauh_od cause ise in Jea leels
Jesullin2g in. floods

Co zoic
LAmhine haemnglobia i blood
ledues dhetrandpa7 o 4qco2
in the bod+

Hoslo reme/e pedlutedgakron aiu)

Ouadise colkan monoude form catnndhouee

Oudie nhunt huodtocalkem fom COZHD
Reduclienef Aiimqenude
haimless ikoscon
*Usecatalyhe LAOVeAicAAio Lal haAK

Calalyt uscA calalylic coacikase

Platinum
Bhocliu kighkmaekalide
-Pallcdiun
2cO 2NO 2CO +N
Uunakacrocabon t puran CO2 0

P_2 CO t O, 2 2 CO2
 CATALYTIC CRACKING
CAAVedLN remahanc a alher
high
iggerAtkanc Analle alkane alhene
Chain Gatalus chaun

OZiolte
Aloca Si02 Latalya
ALmoium OxdeAlh Os)

High tcmperalue 500'C-900'C

Lewecalbon _chain_alkanes lihs diesel-

petro al mgle sepd enpensve.
The alkne cah be
pedue alcehd

(CaHa) ChH+|CH4
Ama co b»n chau
Alkant alkene
Lona car bon ckai ChHn CaH
alkane

Duinq h prec.e Unq e ude ei

Phypical Proce- Fraclinal Ditillation

Chemical Proces -Llackinq
FREE BAQICAL OA STITUTION
Frec Radical a secies lh_an
unau ed eladron. frec kadcal-
leaclire._
vct

O.Vgh
(C
Aunpaidrd _hree adicai
Hometa44 elec ron
Fiaaion
breaking
LAaleot benala and erming-
Aadicaal.

Alkane Halogen p Halo

u.v

Hydengen
alhanc haude

CH4 Ch CHa Cl HCC

Muhans
aha
l ee Radical

Pacpogpken opegakon akp pmackin4ligaA

Tnon CL
+'C ll2
 APAGE W
DATET

Ioitialisalan Atcp
ClC d:

CH d CH3+ Ha
CH3 Cl CH3C

2 CHd C CHa C H
.CHh C + CH2 Ch U

7erminallen tep
CL C Cl2
CH3+CHa C2Hs
C hCH CHa

hen o Sadicals Aombic th

cachian opa
 PAGE N.

-ALKENES DATE
ronelalL Fetmula CnHan

The
he caotain dsuble hend inhe
hyollagez casben ckain

Thet ale osalumted hyolo.calban

T csntains Lse_Áycluogen cempued
t akancs.
Deuble bendcalben kas120 trioaal danai
Rest t h e ben lle
be_lo9.5°tetrahclkal

Alkene lsomer
** *

******* **

Atucia Stcho

Pesiioo Functooal Qplieal (TeomehnC_

Lsofne Aom e Spmel

Hacltocasbon
choin isone Ci TvansA £lz
 OATE

Pdion Isome in his he pellin

he AAomel ekargcd
H

bud -1-enc

H
H H H
H-C-C= C-CH. bd-2 -ne

Hsdtocalhen Cha TAsmel h caenchan,

brsken
H hd-/-enc C

2-4mihylprep- -cme C

ah
C
T

C
 PAGE Na

Fun cliena Group Iaomei: Chonge h

hundional goup ompleikl -
Alkene C4doalkane

-C C- - C hut--erc

elo butonc
H-C

meh
Lucdo propane
H

C2M COÓH
AlcoRal Rn
ALAskyde Kton
Cardesu aid-
tRono atid utk-mlkarsad

YR C 0 -

H
 DATE

Stere 0 Lsone
Lompeunc th atructual
Aame
ormula&mole.culas
prmula bhut
dliecni 01gangemenl alomson the
Aame Caubon
C
(Teomctric somet
CislTRANS
This auses C
C
becauseof_JeAtric ted Jolalon o40d
douhlehend 2 wsaitahen

CHa

CiS TRANS

Some side dia gonaly oppeitt

Then 0 n 1 Corlon C
Th CI
Then I
CIG'1To

Tri3
C L CIS/TRANS
C
 *

PAGE No.
DAT

CH C

When so heay Lo IDhnioo heav4 glos

nuore Mr ase (Deoc M arcdiagonal
sidea z peeaileiE ia E

QAli cal Tsamer

a Male cule contans a LAton alom
that i bancladta koudent _alas
ops alamAiTheo t pelns
T2o eplical JAOmelaa shechale Milor
ngeo each oihc andcan_noihe
peupeked
Cbal Centes-_aCalbanatom uith
4_digjeuentqoup atlached

A
CL

HA B
F
 PAGE No.
DATE

COOH
Nh C
CHa
Ci
Theae tuo chiral ceneu C

C
C
- - -

C
 obtic F Aen
uneven
brcaking a conlent
henod mk elehorgalu aloo
takes heth he_elatons he
Covakeni bond ItA_callal Daucleophiles-
The hich de no have u pau
lefi=_elechon deficknts calkdelecrophile
Elechrophilea accepto
Nucleophip doonoi.

*lechophliAddituco
Stcp 11 2tep 2

H C:OH

final Product
H H
H-C-
OH

=> Thu 9a_pr

a2mcbric alkens
 DATE

Ih an unSumedzic alkeeZhe clechogile_

To Calbon
o thedable bora oha
theae afe more
attached
hydeo_ena/oms dired

,H
CaH C
OH
H

munen Madnd
 PAGE No.
DATE

Oxidotion ok Al kene
Add aciduhed K KMNOL
Dpulple to celeu les
Add Nacent_ o geh
CondibonA
2 H tiwnsto CO2
1 H -pud doble bond o (czo
zero
then remove oH_ puf
oloublbond o - hecarmes Koms
-Replccc o by C=O

cold

CH DH

HOT

CO
H C
 PAGE No.|
ADATE\ T
Addi tien Pelmelihatien
C' C

n
onorMer
-Plgcncu
C
Diapanal_opcly Lalkcnc)_plastic
C
Alipel lalkare)saehl_popeat a haLack of Reacduh
Disadu: Nen-biodegladable= lake up aluablespacc shnC
dumped- landfles
-pelluke lheenvidonmenl.
Buin Plaxtuwaste

h cnelgyeleahed a-grcakeee ahen ey lalkoc s

A busni_ can he ed h gnekalekehicik
Co LAabAo prooducod=caleslobalaimi.
Atta(otana- (ormbuapon,

Ksonn i e Fnonnybtr

C
ibimo Hx mHPoylt
(m[ iahfea/pu
atoalto aJloho
-nHanax (ntano
 PAGE Na
DATE
HALD ALKANE.

Gcocrak femula CnHna X

can hany halsgea 4E a, r -

Theale soluble in wqtu ae
cthaaal as a Aalwentf

Hakaalkaned ndego nudeophlc uhshiulico rcaction-

NeLcleophdle an eleckan pais cdonet
to 7ypeb Haloalkane
C Primoiu
H
C_
bonded i h 2 kylsoge
C - C= C halogen
Caron.

C honded oith 1 kiogen

CH-C-a holosen
CH: 2 R Cardan
Taho
Cbondd wilh
ChC U kyduos 1 _en
3 tXn Caboa
 PAGE No.
DATE

SN nimolc.culas Dudcapkile suhshhtionc

Tebasyhalolkan emdasy holaalka
STEP 1
Jlad
CH-C, Br CO
+Br
CH CH
CH3 C
Ca boaHo
STEP 2

C G OH

the H cemes om Na OH_ C

lcavo gop hatiackis

heth Deu cleophille

C
 PAGE Ho

DATE|
SNL Bimale.aulas neucleopki licbubshtubioo
Primay haloclkane & Deconolau_baloolkor

C-

HO- -Br Tntetridab

CHE tep

HO -C-H+Br
CH3
 PAGE No.
DATE
*lbes Haloalka
Anaxthchc
Making plastiu
Flamc retaldant2 aeduent

HaloakancA eduahehormibilih
a a Ab stance

PTEE Poly tetra loroCAhec ed

pr non Abck cCoalin
Stren gth C-F hond MrengJo
Aed
kugh tempexatuk_procesdes

CEC- chloo_fora caban

z
Propetc
inet
*hon- toxi c
hon oreahle
had

HLeuent
Rehigeant
LAed hor Aakinqaciosalprcpelln.
 PAGE No.
DATE

Disaduan tnge
Despite Ihe o2onc ay he_LAee
atmespheie
sou. Jay_Can Lemcdoon caAil4

Th uV ight Arom e Areaks_e

C -CL band h CFC malecle
Ae
Thcac Jcleakc kighly-2Aeasliechorinc ozom
chlocire ee edicat hAeactoith
OZone
O2One Male culeL destaysA

Altcanalivea o CFC
HEC-kudho Horo cossn'lenssih
O2onC molccle

Crcen houde ct
7 pappihg- elecded hral othe
fauth the lawe amaphcte roduchà
global uaius
 Rcagent KEY PAGE Na.
Products ADATE
Condilign

Alkene+ NaX1Ho Alcobol

CnHan CnHan o

Elimitat uwesthano Na
OH
NaX

NaoH
PAeat

HALOALKANE
CnHan1X_
elheno KNINay

Alkane Nibile NaX/ Kz

CneHrN Aky Amine H
Cla NH
can be luvihev onverted
to cavboscailc acrd by adding Soy /a

fle +
TH,O
CyHa t kcNASyta ¢a
Atritk
lytttN
baty-
8Y
 PAGE No

ALcoHoLE ESTER DATE

ALCOHOL.
Tneralprula Cn Hani QH
Theie de 3 ypes:
Primaly A calhenatachecl toOHgraap
and tha athcked ta
1 alkyl grsup
2 H ans
H

-CC+Ç-0-Hi Propan--ed

Aecenclas A calbenalneattabcd _cH1

p ue allacked t -
2 alk p
hudiogen alem
OH H

-C C - H

Propan2-l

Teials A Cashen alen

hhuatachadto
3 alkygexp Mpimum-
Zoo H
H OH

H-C-L-C-
1 2mekypopan-2-o
HC-
 PAGE No.
DATE
2uay makin4 Alcahol
Alkcne tam Hcohal Eletophlle adldily
dlute ag
2Halo alkag Nad Hokad + No LSN1 S

Allane + Halogen halh alle Hx

Ozidalisn o_Alcohe C
add Ka Cr2Oz|H _celow chagr ioraqe t gee
otihico

Primaru
Allchol Adekde Cashozylic acid
H

C
Alcobel Aldehyde
R 2p to
MsC C=0
Cahyie acid-
2.3Cndolu
Aluchol Ketunc
- * i

HsC - o
H CH
Tefiauy Doend oidc
No readuon 2 churs nut
1 C
 PAGE No.
DATE
Kea ctiona Alcohel
L Combualion

Complefe Cembuslien
CaHaOH+60 9 4Co 5H
Lhcoplet Combbuslhen
C4HaoH+ 401> 4cQ 5H2
2 ububt taaen oAcchel to prm Haloalkace
Nucleophillic Buhrbklion
Heogenf - HU PlpPCL
Cenditon - Heat
ocum chade d de odeum hure
Aultas
C2Ms oH C

feanhekon

Glutea Ehonsl tnluon disaide

(Yest)

Rek kechon
Anaensli