PPG Analyze

dimensions/
the
types,
consequences of power
nature,
and
Week 4
HUMSS_PG12-Id-11-14

Name of Student:
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Grade and Section:
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Teacher: __________________________________________________________________
Date: _____________________________________________________________________

My Intended Learning
Outcome

In this activity, I must be able to

 define power;
 recognize the nature, dimensions, types, and consequences of
power;
 analyze the nature, dimensions, types, deployments, and
consequences of power; and
 Assess how power is exercised in different situations.

My Performance Criteria www.starkstate.edu

My MAP

1. Read the Learning Essentials

(discussions)

2. Study and Analyze the lesson.

3. Answer the “My Tools”

4. Write down a brief reflection of

your learning.

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 My Learning Essentials
(Discussion)

Let’s begin!

In the previous discussion on the different views on politics, you

have learned that politics also involves power and the distribution of
resources. It is thus seen as the exercise of authority in the state. Personal
relationships are also characterized by power, whether you are conscious
of this or not. You can notice how power is practiced in everyday life, even
in the most ordinary situations. In this module, you will be introduced to
the nature and types of power, and analyze its relevance and
consequences in shaping the structure of different organizations and
situations.

Definition of Power
In its broadest sense, power is one’s ability to achieve a desired
outcome. However, in political terms, power is the ability to influence
another—the way one thinks or behaves—in a manner not of his or her
own choosing (Lasswell 1936). It thus involves one’s capacity to get things
done, and to make someone do something he or she would not otherwise
do.

Political power involves three Power

interrelated concepts: legitimacy, characterizes
authority, and sovereignty. According to much, if not all, of
Roskin et al. (2012), legitimacy refers to people’s
the people’s perception that their relationships, may it be
government rules rightfully, and thus at the most personal
must be obeyed. Sovereignty, on the level or in their
other hand, speaks of the ability of a
national government to be the sole leader, which has the last word of law
in that society. Lastly, authority is seen as the political leader’s ability to
command respect and exercise power.

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 Power comes in different faces or dimensions. It can be considered
as decision-making, agenda setting, or thought control.

Faces or Dimensions of Power (Heywood 2013):

Power is perceived as the influence on the
Power as content of decisions. Who decides, what to
decision-making be made, and how to execute such
decision all involve power.

Power involves the ability to set or control

Power as agenda political agenda, highlighting one at the
setting exclusion of other issues.

Power is seen as an ideological

Power as thought indoctrination or a psychological control
control where one has the ability to change or
shape how another thinks or behaves.

Steven Lukes, (Power, A Radical View (1974))

defines the concept of power by saying that “A exercise
power over B when A affects B in a manner contrary to B’s
Interests.” He describes power as having three dimensions
and has divided power into three distinct ‘ faces’, each
focusing on a specific aspect of power.

Three Kinds of Power

A. POWER OVER - the ability to dominate another person or a

group. Usually comes from force and threat.
B. POWER TO - the ability to do something on one’s own (sources:
intellect, resources, knowledge, stamina and etc.)
C. POWER WITH - is similar also to “power to” in that it reflects
ability ―The ability to work with others to get something done by
cooperation.

Types of Power

Power has been an important aspect of human civilization since

time immemorial. Power might be physical, political or social. In the
context of business as well, power dynamics tend to influence decisions
and people transactions heavily.

Coercive power - Involves the usage of threat to make people do what

one desires. In the organizational set up, it translates into threatening

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someone to transfer, firing, demotions etc. it basically forces people to
submit to one’s demand for the fear of losing something.

Reward Power - Uses rewards, perks, new projects or training

opportunities, better roles and monetary benefits to influence people.
However, an interesting aspect of this type of power is that, it is not
powerful enough in itself, as decisions related to rewards do not rest solely
with the person promising them, because in organizations, a lot of other
people come into play like senior managers and board.

Legitimate Power - This power emanates from an official position held

by someone, be it an organization, bureaucracy or government and etc.
The duration of this power is short lived as a person can use it only till the
time he/she holds the position, as well as, the scope of the power is small
as it is strictly defined by the position held.

Expert Power - This is a personal kind of power which owes its genesis to
the skills and expertise possessed by an individual, which is higher quality
and not easily available.

Referent Power - Wielded by celebrities and film stars as they have huge
following amongst masses who like them, identify with them and follow
them. Hence they exert lasting influence on a large number of people for a
large number of decisions; like what car to buy to which candidate to
choose for a higher office in the country.

Power and Authority

While power is defined as the
ability to command obedience and Power and authority
is rested on coercion, most political are usually used
systems have developed interchangeably. In political
mechanisms by which people obey science, authority is legitimate
orders. Power is considered as power. When the exercise of
authority when it is recognized as power by a leader is
legitimate. Max Weber (1922)
distinguished three types of authority: traditional, rational-legal, and
charismatic.

Types of Authority (Weber 1922):

Authority is based on acceptance of and
Traditional high regard of traditions. Monarchies are
examples of this type.

Authority is based on impersonal rules and

Rational-legal regulations. People obey through a
legitimate command from the leader.

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 Obedience is based on personal
Charismatic characteristics of a leader, whose qualities
are considered to be exceptional.

The Exercise of Power and Its Consequences

Power defines social and political

relationships. Who gets what, when, and how
The use of
much are usually determined by power. From power has
political systems characterized by consequences. From
democratic institutions or dictatorships, micro to macro
down to interpersonal relationships between settings, power
and among individuals, the struggle for power is ever present .

In the system of governance, power relations determine how

resources are distributed. For instance, the relationship between the
leader and the governed is shaped by inequality in power. Such is likewise
evident in the global order. In world politics or international relations,
according to realists, power relations decide the type of relationship
between states. Realists maintain that economic, political, and military
powers usually dictate the influence of one country over the affairs of
another—if not the global order. However, liberals argue that the adverse
effects of inequality of power are mitigated by a rules-based world order.
Either way, there is a common recognition of the existence of power even
at an international scale.

Extend Your Knowledge!!!

The following are online sources that can help you understand
further the concept of political power. The first link provides related Web
pages that could expand the discussion on the basics of power, while the
second link presents relevant theories that explain power.
• http://www.britannica.com/topic/political-power
• http://www.sociology.org.uk/papt1.pdf

Essential Learning!!!
Politics cannot be studied without having a focus on power. Power is
the ability to influence another. It can also be seen as coercion or the use
of intimidation to get desired outcomes. Power can also be legitimate—
that is, the exercise of influence is recognized and that the governed
accords obedience to the leader. Power comes in various forms and
dimensions, and it exists in different levels of relationships: from the
personal level, to the governmental, and up to the international level. It
has different consequences, but what is notable is that it defines all types

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of relationships. After all, power involves who gets what, when, and how
much.

My Tools
(Exercises)

Task #1:
Directions: How are the concepts of power and authority presented in the
following illustrations? What are your thoughts about such
representations?

Illustration 1:

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Illustration 2:

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Task # 2

Directions: What have you learned so far? Reflect and explain your
answer.

1. Look at everyday situations in your home. How is power exhibited and

in what types of relationships does it exist?
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2. In what particular instances in your home could the dimensions of
power be identified? In what other situations are these present?
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 ____________________________________________________________________
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3. Try to think of relationships within your family. Who exercises power
and what consequences does this have?
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4. How about in your circle of friends? Can you give instances where power
relations exist? Is the relationship between you and your friends
characterized by power, too? Explain.
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Task #3:

Directions: Create an artwork that emphasizes the consequences of

power in the Philippine society. The work can either be a sculpture or a
painting (use 1/8 illustration board). Your work will be displayed and be
evaluated by LNHS-SHS teachers based on rubric.

Content 50% Presentation 30% Relevance 20%

The artwork is Unique Be able to present The contents are
and clearly the output in clean, relevant and realistic.
expressing the ideas organized and artistic
emphasizing the manner.
consequences of
power in Philippine
society.

Task #4 Assessment:

I. Multiple Choice

Direction: Read each statement and encircle the letter of the correct
answer.

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1. What do you call the ability to set control political agenda?
A. Power as decision-making B. Power as agenda setting
C. Power as thought control
2. It involves the usage of threat to make people do what one desires.
A. Coercive power B. Reward power
C. Referent power
3. The uses of perks and new projects or training opportunities is called
_____.
A. Reward power B. Legitimate power

C. Expert power
4. The ability to do something on one's own.
A. Power over B. Power to
C. Power with
5. Which of the following refers to the people’s perception that their
government rules rightfully, and thus must be obeyed?
A. Power B. Authority
C. Legitimacy
6. Importance of traditions: traditional authority, impersonal rules:
________.
A. rational-legal authority B. charismatic authority
C. traditional authority

7. __________ is the capacity to influence behaviour.

A. Coercion B. Potential
C. Power

8. What dimension of power is involved in ideological indoctrination or

psychological control?
A. Power as decision-making B. Power as agenda setting
C. Power as thought control
9. Power based on identification with a person who has desirable
resources or personal traits is known as _____ power.
A. Coercive B. personal
C. referent
10. The ability to influence another is a function of _____.
A. dependency B. behavior

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 C. pressure

II. Matching Type

Direction: Match the items in column A with the most related choice in
column B. Write the letter of the correct answer on the space provided.

A 13. The ability to influence

another.
11. It is seen as the B
political leader’s ability to
command respect and exercise a. Power
power.
12. Speaks of the ability of
a national government to be the b. Traditional
sole leader.
c. Power Relations
14. Power is perceived as d. Authority
the influence on the content of
decisions.
15. Power is seen as an e. Sovereignty
ideological indoctrination or a
psychological control
16. Monarchies are
examples of this type of f. Coercive Power
authority.
17. Determines how g. Expert Power
resources are distributed
18. This is a personal kind
of power which owes its genesis h. Legitimate Power
to the skills and expertise
possessed by an individual.
i. Power as Decision-
19. This power emanates
Making
from an official position held by
someone.
20. involves the usage of j. Power as thought control
threat to make people do what
one desires.

My Reflection

1. Please write your learning on this LAS.

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