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different types of the cooling system of the transformer

Transformers, which convert electrical power between voltage levels, generate heat due to energy loss, necessitating effective cooling methods to prevent insulation damage. Cooling methods vary for dry and oil-immersed transformers, utilizing air or oil as coolants, with techniques including Air Natural, Air Blast, and various oil cooling methods like Oil Natural Air Natural and Oil Forced Water Forced. The choice of cooling method depends on transformer size, type, and environmental conditions, with specific methods suited for different kVA ratings.

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2 views

different types of the cooling system of the transformer

Transformers, which convert electrical power between voltage levels, generate heat due to energy loss, necessitating effective cooling methods to prevent insulation damage. Cooling methods vary for dry and oil-immersed transformers, utilizing air or oil as coolants, with techniques including Air Natural, Air Blast, and various oil cooling methods like Oil Natural Air Natural and Oil Forced Water Forced. The choice of cooling method depends on transformer size, type, and environmental conditions, with specific methods suited for different kVA ratings.

Uploaded by

indhusri690
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Different types of Cooling Systems (Methods) in Transformers

and its Applications


An electromagnetic static device called a transformer is used to
change electrical power from one voltage level to another. The
transformer’s winding and core both lose some energy during this
operation.

Heat is produced as a result of the energy wasted in a transformer.


Compared to the quantity of energy exchanged, minimal energy is
wasted inside a transformer. But when the kVA rating increases, it
grows significantly. Heat dissipation is a challenging problem for
transformers with high kVA ratings. If the heat dissipation is
improper, the transformer temperature will increase and might
harm the insulation. In order to prevent the thermal deterioration
of insulation, temperature must be kept within an allowed range.

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Different Electrical Transformer Cooling Methods

The size, type and acceptable conditions at the location where the
transformer is located all affect the cooling method employed.
There are two types of transformers: dry and oil-immersed. The
transformer uses two different types of coolants;

• Air
• Oil (such as transformer oil or mineral oil)
Transformers that utilise oil as a coolant are referred to as oil-
immersed transformers, whereas those that use air as a coolant are
known as dry transformers.

The methods to use for a dry transformer are:

1). Air Natural (A.N) Cooling

2). Air Blast (A.B) Cooling

The methods that are applied to oil-immersed transformers are:

1). Oil Natural Cooling

2). Oil Natural Air Forced Cooling

3). Oil Natural Water Forced Cooling

4). Oil Forced Air Natural Cooling

5). Oil Forced Air Forced Cooling

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6). Oil Forced Water Forced Cooling

Air Cooling

1). Air Natural (A.N) Cooling

For rating transformers with lower capacities (5 to 10 kVA), the


exterior surface is adequate for heat dissipation. This kind of
transformer makes use of enclosures to circulate air and dissipate
heat from the case’s natural radiation. Instrument transformers are
typically dry type and employ this technique for cooling, with the
exception of higher voltages.

2). Air Blast (A.B )Cooling

Using this method, dry transformers are cooled. This technique


involves using external fans (or) blowers to continuously push air
across a transformer’s winding and core. This form of cooling is
employed in locations where oil is regarded as a fire threat and up
to ratings of less than 25 kVA.

Oil Cooling

1). Oil Natural Air Natural (ONAN) Cooling

The transformer’s winding and core are submerged in oil during


this cooling process. The enclosure is an iron tank filled with oil.
Conduction is the mechanism by which the heat generated by the
core & winding is transmitted to the oil. As the oil comes into
contact with hot components, its temperature rises. And cold oil

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replaces hot oil in that position. The heated oil radiates heat onto
the tank surface, dissipating it into the environment.

The power transformer features a cooling radiator method with


natural cooling and a 10 MVA maximum capacity. Due to the
benefits listed below, this type of cooling is the one most frequently
employed for oil-immersed transformers:

• Absence of dust
• Easily dissipates heat from the inside.
• No impact is had by moisture.
The volume expansion coefficient of the oil is large. So, natural
convection effectively dissipates a lot of heat.

The transformer tank flat surface is insufficient for effective heat


dissipation for a transformer with a high rating. Fins are utilised in
this condition to expand the area where heat may dissipate.
Radiators & tubes are frequently installed on the tank walls to
further boost its ability to dissipate heat.

2). Oil Natural Air Forced (ONAF) Cooling

Transformers with medium to high capacities that are submerged


in oil are cooled using this method. By pushing air towards the
cooling surface, this method enhances cooling. With the support of
fans, air is compelled to the outside surfaces (such as radiator, tank,
tubes, etc.).

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3). Oil Natural Water Forced (ANWF) Cooling

The winding & core are submerged in oil in this method.


Additionally, copper cooling coils are flooded with water to
promote heat dissipation. The coils are positioned inside oil
surface and above the core. Heat is delivered to the water, which is
then cooled in a cooling tower or spray pond. Where there is a
natural water head, this approach works well.

4). Oil Forced Air Natural (OFAN) Cooling

Rarely is this approach applied. This method involves pumping


the oil around. In a heat exchanger, heated oil is also cooled
naturally by air flow. When the coolers on the transformer need to
be removed, this method is helpful.

5). Oil Forced Air Forced (OFAF) Cooling

With this cooling method, a pump is used to circulate oil inside the
transformer. An external heat exchanger cools the hot oil. With the
aid of a fan, the air is blasted for additional cooling. Temperature
sensors are often employed in the above way.

The transformer losses that occur under light load conditions are
minimal, and minimal heat is produced. If the temperature rises,
the pump and fan may be turned on. Otherwise, the fan (or) pump
may be turned off. This method, which is utilised for power

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transformers with a rating of 30 MVA or more, increases the
efficiency of the entire system.

6). Oil Forced Water Forced (OFWF) Cooling

With this method, a pump is used to remove the heated oil from
the main tank & move it to the heat exchanger. In a heat exchanger,
the water flowing through copper tubes cools the oil.

To prevent any oil-to-water leaks, the oil pressure remains higher


than the water pressure. The hydroelectric power plant is
appropriate for this type of cooling system.

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