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1.1. Atomic Structure Mindmap

The document outlines the historical development of atomic models, starting from Dalton's indivisible spheres to Bohr's model with electrons in shells. It details the structure of atoms, including the roles of protons, neutrons, and electrons, as well as the concept of isotopes and their detection through mass spectrometry. Additionally, it explains the significance of ionization energies in understanding electron configurations.

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xazq.sandhu
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5 views

1.1. Atomic Structure Mindmap

The document outlines the historical development of atomic models, starting from Dalton's indivisible spheres to Bohr's model with electrons in shells. It details the structure of atoms, including the roles of protons, neutrons, and electrons, as well as the concept of isotopes and their detection through mass spectrometry. Additionally, it explains the significance of ionization energies in understanding electron configurations.

Uploaded by

xazq.sandhu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Ball of positive charge with

electrons scattered in it
Tiny positive nucleus
Cloud of electrons at the centre

Dalton initially believed


Replaced Thomson’s Plum Replaced Rutherford’s Replaced Bohr
atoms were tiny with --> Pudding model with --> nuclear model with --> model
undividable spheres
Discovered Alpha particle
electrons scattering experiment
Electrons orbit
New evidence leads in shells
Atomic Model Development
to new models
1.1 ATOMIC STRUCTURE
Atomic Structure

Relative Atomic nucleus contains


Subatomic protons and neutrons and is
masses Particles
Protons: 1 surrounded by electrons
Neutrons: 1
Electrons: Very small Negatively
Neutrons Electrons charged
Protons
Neutral Positively
charge charged Same number of protons
Mass number (A) and electrons in an atom
Atomic number (Z)

Sum of protons and neutrons Number of protons


AQA
https://bit.ly/pmt-cc
https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc
Data analysis
Using masses and
abundances of each isotope
Ion detection Gives data about relative
Determine relative isotopic mass and relative
Calculate relative molecular mass abundance of isotopes
Ion drift atomic mass
Acceleration
For identifying
elements Same number of
Ionisation Mass Isotopes protons, different
Spectrometry number of neutrons
Time of Flight (TOF)
mass spectrometry
1.1 ATOMIC STRUCTURE
4s subshell filled
E.g. Mg+(g) → Mg2+(g) + e- Electron before 3d subshell as
Ionisation it has lower energy
energies
Configuration
Lowest energy
Successive ionisation subshells filled first
energies equations First ionisation Configurations of elements
energy up to Krypton

Successive ionisation energies give E.g. Fe:


evidence of configuration 1s22s22p63s23p63d64s2
in shells and subshells
AQA
https://bit.ly/pmt-cc
https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc

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