No.

of printed pages: 19
CLASS XII
POST-MID-TERM EXAMINATION
2024-25
SUBJECT-PHYSICS (042)
MS SET-A1-2

Time allowed: 3 hours Maximum Marks 70

General Instructions:

(1) All questions are compulsory. There are 33 questions in all.

(2) There are a total of 19 pages in the paper.
(3) This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D and
Section E.
(4) Section A contains sixteen Multiple Choice Questions of 1 mark each including four
Assertion-Reason questions, Section B has five question of 2 marks, Section C contains
seven questions of 3 marks each, Section D contains two Case-Based questions of 4
marks each and Section E contains three long answer questions of 5 marks each.
(5) There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in one
question in Section B, one question in Section C, one question in each CBQ in Section D
and all three questions in Section E. You have to attempt only one of the choices in such
questions.
(6) Use of calculators is not allowed.
(7) You may use the following values of physical constants where ever necessary
i. c = 3 x 108 m/s
ii. me = 9.1 x10-31 kg
iii. e = 1.6 x 10-19 C
iv. µ0 = 4π x 10-7 Tm𝑨−𝟏
v. h = 6.63 x10-34 Js
vi. ε0 = 8.854 x10-12 𝑪𝟐𝑵−𝟏𝒎−𝟐
vii. Avogadro’s number = 6.023 X 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟑 per gram mole

Section A
Q-1 A +1.0 μC point charge is moved from point A to B in the uniform electric field as shown.
Which one of the following statements is necessarily true concerning the potential energy of the
point charge?

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 a) The potential energy increases by 10.8 × 10-6 J.
b) The potential energy decreases by 10.8 × 10-6 J.
c) The potential energy decreases by 6.0 × 10-6 J.
d) The potential energy decreases by 9.0 × 10-6 J.

Q-2 A sheet of aluminum foil of negligible thickness is introduced between the plates of a
capacitor. The capacitance of the capacitor:

a) decreases
b) remains unchanged
c) becomes infinite
d) increases

Q-3 A long straight wire of circular cross section of radius ҅a᾿ carries a steady current ‘I’. The
current is uniformly distributed across its cross section. The ratio of magnitudes of the magnetic
field at a point, ‘a’ above the surface of wire to that of a point, ‘a/2’ below its surface is:

a) 1:1
b) 1:2
c) 2:1
d) 4:1

Q-4 A single slit diffraction pattern is obtained using a beam of red light. If red light is replaced
by blue light, what happens?

a) The diffraction pattern disappears

b) There is no change in the diffraction pattern
c) Diffraction fringes becomes narrower and crowded together
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 d) Diffraction fringes become broader and farther apart

Q-5 To establish an instantaneous displacement current of 2A in the space between two parallel
plates of 1μF capacitor, the potential difference across the capacitor plates will have to be
changed at the rate of:

a) 4×104 V/s
b) 4×106 V/s
c) 2×104 V/s
d) 2×106 V/s

Q-6 In the series LCR circuit (shown in the figure) , the voltmeter and ammeter readings are:

a) V=100V, I=2A
b) V=100V, I=5A
c) V=1000V, I=2A
d) V=300V, I=1A

Q-7 The decreasing order of wavelength of infrared rays, microwaves, ultraviolet rays and
gamma rays is:

a) infrared rays, microwaves, ultraviolet rays, gamma rays

b) microwaves, infrared rays, ultraviolet rays, gamma rays
c) microwaves, infrared rays, gamma rays, ultraviolet rays
d) gamma rays, ultraviolet rays, infrared rays, microwaves
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Q-8 Energy levels A, B, C of a certain atom correspond to increasing values of energy i.e. EA
<EB <EC. If λ1, λ2, λ3 are the wavelengths of radiations corresponding to the transitions C to B,
B to A and C to A respectively, which of the following statements is correct:

a) λ3 = λ1+λ2
b) λ3 = λ1λ2/(λ1+λ2)
c) λ1+λ2+λ3= 0
d) λ32 = λ12+λ22

Q-9 A glass lens is immersed in water. Glass has greater refractive index than water. What will
be the effect on the focal length of the lens (compared to when kept in air)?

a) Increases
b) Decreases
c) Does not change
d) The data is not enough to determine

Q-10 Which of the following phenomena is primarily used in optical fibres?’

a) Total internal reflection

b) Scattering
c) Diffraction
d) Refraction

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Q-11 An n-type semiconductor is:

a) Negatively charged
b) Positively charged
c) Neutral
d) Can be either a) or b) depending on the element used as a dopant

Q-12 A steady current flows in a metallic conductor whose area of cross section (A) increases
continuously from one end to the other, the drift velocity of free electron (vd) as a function of A
will be:

a) ---- correct answer

b)

c)

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 d)

For Questions 13 to 16, two statements are given –one labelled Assertion (A) and other
labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the options as given
below.

a) If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
b) If both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct explanation of
Assertion.
c) If Assertion is true but Reason is false.
d) If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q13. Assertion (A): On increasing the current sensitivity of a galvanometer by increasing the
number of turns does not increase its voltage sensitivity.

Reason(R): The resistance of the coil of the galvanometer increases on increasing the number
of turns.

Ans: (a)

Q-14 Assertion (A): Bohr postulated that the electrons is stationary orbits around the nucleus
do not radiate.

Reason(R): According to classical physics, all moving electrons radiate.

Ans: (c)

Q-15 Assertion (A): For nuclear fission, proton is a better projectile than neutron.

Reason(R): Proton is far more massive than neutron.

Ans: (d)

Q-16 Assertion (A): The total energy of an electron in any stationary orbit is negative.

Reason(R): Energy is a scalar quantity. It can have a positive or a negative value.

Ans: (b)

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 Section B

Q-17 When a certain metallic surface is illuminated with light of wavelength λ, the stopping
potential is 3Vo. When the same surface is illuminated with light of wavelength 2λ, the stopping
potential is Vo. What is the threshold wavelength for this surface for photo-electric effect (in
terms of λ)?

Ans: 3eVo = hc/λ – hc/λo ------- ½

eVo = hc/2λ – hc/λo ------- ½
Solving the two equations: λo = 4λ ---------- 1

Q-18 In Young's double slit experiment using monochromatic light of wavelength λ, the
intensity of light at a point on the screen where path difference is λ, is K units. Find the intensity
of light at a point where the path difference is λ/3.

Ans: Δx= (ϕ/2π ) λ -------- ½

I = 4Iocos2ϕ/2 ------ ½
Calculation and answer (K/4)--------- 1
OR

Q-18 In a Young’s double slit experiment, the separation between the two slits is ‘d’ and
distance of the screen from the slits is ‘1000d’. If the first minimum falls at a distance d from
the central maximum, obtain the relation between d and λ.

Ans: d = 500λ

Q-19 A proton of mass 1.67×10−27 kg and charge 1.6×10−19 C is projected with a speed of 2×105
m/s at an angle of 60∘ with the X-axis. If a uniform magnetic field of 0.10T is applied along Y-
axis, find the radius of the helical path hence taken by the proton.

Ans:

------- 1

Calculation and answer (0.01m) ------ 1

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Q-20 The binding energies per nucleon of deuteron (1H2) and helium (2He4) are 1.1MeV and 7.0
MeV. If two deuterons react to form a single helium nucleus, then find the energy released.

Ans: 23.6 MeV

Q-21 ‘n’ identical cells, each of emf ‘ϵ’ and internal resistance ‘r’, are joined in series to form a
closed circuit. One of the cells ‘A’ is joined with reversed polarity. Find the potential difference
across each cell, except A (in terms of ‘n’ and ‘ϵ’).

Ans: (n-1) ϵ -ϵ - nIr = 0 ------ ½

I = (n-2) ϵ/nr -------- ½
Vt = ϵ - Ir ---------- ½
 V = 2ϵ/n --------- ½

Section C

Q-22 (a) What is current ‘i’ in the network shown below?

(b) Explain with the help of a circuit diagram, the working of a p-n junction diode as a half
wave rectifier. Show the input and output waveforms.

Ans: (a) 0.3 A----- 1

(b) diagram ---- ½

Explanation --------- 1
Waveforms ------- ½

Q-23 (a) Find the expression for the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor of plate area ‘A’
and plate separation ‘d’ when a dielectric slab of thickness ‘t’ and same ‘A’ as that of the plate
is introduced between the plates of the capacitor. (t < d)
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(b) A capacitor is charged with a battery and energy stored is ‘U’. After disconnecting the
battery, another identical uncharged capacitor is connected in parallel with it. After some time
find the energy stored in each capacitor, in terms of ‘U’.

Ans: (a) derivation ----- 2

(b) U/4 -------- 1

Q-24 What is a wavefront? Using Huygen’s Principle, verify the law of reflection at a plane
surface.

Ans: Definition --------- 1

Verification ------ 2
OR

Q-24 How is a wavefront different from a ray? Using Huygen’s Principle, verify the Snell’s law
of refraction when a plane wavefront of light travels from an optically denser medium to an
optically rarer medium.

Ans: Difference -------- 1

Verification -------- 2

Q-25 (a) Which are the two most important processes occurring during the formation of a p-n
junction, related with the movement of charge carriers?

(b) Draw the V-I characteristics of a P-N junction diode.

(c) What happens to the width of depletion layer of a p-n junction when it is (i) forward biased,
(ii) reverse biased?

Ans: (a) drift and diffusion ---- ½ + ½

(b) graph ----- 1
(c) (i) decreases (ii) increases ------ ½ + ½

Q-26 Box ‘A’ in the set up shown below, represent an electric device often used/needed to
supply, electric power to a load. It is known that ac output Vo is less than Vi.

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(i) Identify the device ‘A’ and Write its principle. (ii) Draw a schematic diagram of this device.

(iii) Find the relation between the input and output currents of this device assuming it to be
ideal.

Ans: (i) step down transformer ½ principle ½

(ii) schematic diagram 1 (iii) finding relation Ip/Is = Ns/Np 1

Q-27 (a) Light is incident normally on face AB of a prism as shown in Figure. A liquid of
refractive index ‘μ’ is placed on face AC of the prism. The prism is made of glass of refractive
index 3/2 . Find the limits of μ for which total internal reflection takes place on the face AC.

(b) A ray of light falls on a transparent sphere with centre at C as shown in figure. The ray
emerges from the sphere parallel to line AB. Find the refractive index of the sphere.

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Ans: (a) µ<3√3/4 ----------- 1.5

(b) µ = √3 --------- 1.5

Q-28 Set A1(a) Use Gauss᾿ law to obtain the expression for the electric field due to a uniformly
charged infinite plane sheet of charge.

(b) Three charges q1 =1×10−6C, q2 = 2×10−6C, and q3 = −3×10−6C have been placed as shown in
figure. Then the net electric flux will be maximum for which surface?

Ans: (a) derivation ------- 2

(b) S1 ------- 1

Q-28 Set A2 (a) Use Gauss᾿ law to obtain the expression for the electric field due to a
uniformly charged, long line of charge.

(b) Three charges q1 =2×10−6C, q2 = 4×10−6C, and q3 = −6×10−6C have been placed as shown in
figure. Then the net electric flux will be maximum for which surface?

Ans: (a) derivation ------- 2

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(b) S1 ------- 1

Section D

Q-29 A moving coil galvanometer is an instrument which is used to measure electric currents.
It is a sensitive electromagnetic device which can measure low currents even of the order of a
few microamperes. The moving coil galvanometer is made up of a rectangular coil that has say
‘N’ turns, and it is usually made of thinly insulated or fine copper wire that is wounded on a
metallic frame. The coil has an area ‘A’ and is free to rotate about a fixed axis in a uniform
radial magnetic field, say ‘B’. A spring Sp of torsional constant ‘k’ provides a counter torque
that balances the magnetic torque; resulting in a steady angular deflection.

Set A1

(i) If ‘R’ is the resistance of the galvanometer, then the voltage sensitivity is given by:

a) NBAR/k
b) kR/NBA
c) NBA/kR
d) NkR/BA

(ii) The torsional constant of spring if a current io produces a deflection of π/2 is:

a) 2NBAπ/io
b) 2Baπio/N
c) 2Naπio/B
d) 2NBAio/π

(iii) A moving coil galvanometer has resistance 50Ω and it indicates full deflection at 4mA
current. A voltmeter is made using this galvanometer and a 5kΩ resistance. The maximum
voltage, that can be measured using this voltmeter, will be close to:

a) 15 V
b) 20 V
c) 10 V
d) 40 V

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(iv) A galvanometer with its coil resistance 25Ω requires a current of 1 mA for its full
deflection. In order to construct an ammeter to read up to a current of 2A, the approximate value
of the shunt resistance will be close to:

a) 2.5 X 10-3 Ω
b) 1.25 X 10-3 Ω
c) 2.5 X 10-2 Ω
d) 1.25 X 10-2 Ω

OR

(iv) The resistance of a galvanometer is 50 Ω and the maximum current which can be passed
through it is 0.002 A. Approximately, what resistance must be connected to it in order to
convert it into an ammeter of range 0−0.5 A?

a) 0.2 Ω
b) 0.002 Ω
c) 0.02 Ω
d) 0.5 Ω

Set A2

(i) If ‘R’ is the resistance of the galvanometer, then the current sensitivity is given by:

a) NB/Ak
b) k/NBA
c) NBA/k
d) Nk/BA

(ii) The torsional constant of spring if a current io produces a deflection of π/3 is:

a) 3NBAπ/io
b) 3Baπio/N
c) 3Naπio/B
d) 3NBAio/π

(iii) A moving coil galvanometer has resistance 50Ω and it indicates full deflection at 4mA
current. A voltmeter is made using this galvanometer and a 6kΩ resistance . The maximum
voltage, that can be measured using this voltmeter, will be close to:

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 a) 15 V
b) 24 V
c) 10 V
d) 40 V

(iv) A galvanometer with its coil resistance 30Ω requires a current of 1 mA for its full
deflection. In order to construct an ammeter to read up to a current of 2A, the approximate value
of the shunt resistance will be close to:

a) 3.0 X 10-3 Ω
b) 1.5 X 10-3 Ω
c) 3.0 X 10-2 Ω
d) 1. 5 X 10-2 Ω

OR

(iv) The resistance of a galvanometer is 50 Ω and the maximum current which can be passed
through it is 0.002 A. Approximately, what resistance must be connected to it in order to
convert it into an ammeter of range 0 −1.0 A?

a) 0.1 Ω
b) 0.001 Ω
c) 0.01 Ω
d) 0.5 Ω

Q-30 Photoelectric Effect: When light shines on a metal, electrons can be ejected from the
surface of the metal in a phenomenon known as the photoelectric effect. This process is also
often referred to as photoemission, and the electrons that are ejected from the metal are
called photoelectrons. In terms of their behaviour and their properties, photoelectrons are no
different from other electrons. The prefix, photo-, simply tells us that the electrons have been
ejected from a metal surface by incident light.

The figure given below shows the variation of photocurrent (i) measure in a photocell circuit as
a function of potential difference between the plates (V) of the photocell when light beams A,
B, C and D of different wavelengths are incident on the photocell.

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(i) The correct order of intensity of the incident radiations is:

a) ID > IC > IB > IA

b) IA < IB and ID > IC
c) IA < IB and ID > IC
d) IB < IA and IC > ID

(ii) The wavelengths of the incident radiations in descending order is:

a) λD > λC > λB > λA

b) λA > λB > λC > λD
c) λB > λA > λD > λC
d) λC > λD > λA > λB

(iii) If we increase the frequency of B

a) Saturation current due to B increases

b) Saturation current due to B decreases
c) Stopping potential becomes more negative
d) Stopping potential becomes more positive

(iv) Number of Photo-electrons emitted per second is proportional to:

a) Intensity of incident radiation

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 b) Frequency of incident radiation
c) wavelength of incident radiation
d) Stopping potential

OR

(iv) The energy of a photon of wavelength ‘λ’ is given by:

a) E= hλ
b) E= hcλ
c) E= λ/hc
d) E= hc/λ

Section E

Q-31 a) Using Kirchhoff’s laws obtain the equation of the balanced state in Wheatstone bridge.

b) What should be the value of resistance R in the circuit shown in figure so that the
electric bulb consumes the rated power?

(c) A potential difference ' V ' is applied across a load resistor of resistance ‘R’. If the current
that flows in the circuit is ‘I’, draw a plot showing the variation of power consumed by the
resistor as a function of ‘R’, keeping ‘V’ constant.

Ans: a) derivation -------- 2

b) 6 Ω --------- 2

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 c) ------ 1

OR

Q-31 (a) Find the emf and internal resistance of a single battery which is equivalent to a
combination of three batteries as show in figure.

(b) Using Kirchhoff’s rules calculate the current through the 40 Ω and 20 Ω resistors in the
following circuit:

Ans: (a) 3V, 2Ω ----- 2

(b) No current through the 40Ω resistor and 4A current flows through the 20Ω resistor. --- 3

Q-32 Explain briefly, with the help of a labelled diagram, the basic principle of the working of
an a.c. generator. In an a.c. generator, coil of ‘N’ turns and area ‘A’ is rotated at an angular
velocity ‘ω’ in a uniform magnetic field ‘B’. Derive an expression for the instantaneous value of
the emf induced in coil. What is the source of energy generation in this device?

Ans: (i) Labelled diagram -------1

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principle and working -------1
Obtaining an expression for the instantaneous value of the emf -------2
Source --------- 1
OR

Q-32 (i) Define coefficient of self-induction. Obtain an expression for self-inductance of a long
solenoid of length l area of cross section A having N turns.
(ii) Calculate the self-inductance of a coil using the following data obtained when an AC source
of frequency (200/π) Hz and a DC source is applied across the coil.

Ans: (i) Definition of coefficient of self-induction 1

Obtaining an expression for self-inductance 2
(ii) Calculation of the self-inductance
Z = 6 Ω and R = 4 Ω 1
36 = XL2 + R2 ½ L = 1.1 x 10-2 H ½

Q-33 Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of the real image of a point object due to a
convex spherical refracting surface, when the ray of light is travelling from a rarer medium of
refractive index n1 to a denser medium of refractive index n2 .
Using this diagram derive the relation between object distance (u), image distance (v), radius of
curvature (R) of a convex spherical surface. State an assumption used.

Ans: diagram ------ 1 derivation -------- 3

assumption ----- 1
OR

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Q-33 (a) Draw a labelled ray diagram to obtain the image formed by an astronomical telescope
in the normal adjustment position. Define its magnifying power.
(b) You are given three lenses of power 0.5 D, 4 D and 10 D to design a telescope.
(i) Which lenses should be used as objective and eyepiece ? Justify your answer.
(ii) Why is the aperture of the objective preferred to be large ?

Ans: (a) diagram -------- 1

Definition ---------- 1

(b) (i) m = fo/fe = Pe/ Po ---------- 1

Therefore: 0.5 D ------- objective, 10 D ------ eyepiece ------ ½ + ½

(ii) gather maximum light ----- 1

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