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3.3 Formulas Ionic Compounds

The document explains the formation and writing of ionic compounds, emphasizing the importance of charge balance and the arrangement of cations and anions. It introduces polyatomic ions and provides examples of both simple ionic compounds and those involving polyatomic ions. Key takeaways include recognizing ionic compounds based on their composition and the necessity of memorizing the charges of common polyatomic ions.

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2 views

3.3 Formulas Ionic Compounds

The document explains the formation and writing of ionic compounds, emphasizing the importance of charge balance and the arrangement of cations and anions. It introduces polyatomic ions and provides examples of both simple ionic compounds and those involving polyatomic ions. Key takeaways include recognizing ionic compounds based on their composition and the necessity of memorizing the charges of common polyatomic ions.

Uploaded by

myers77miranda
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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3.

3 Formulas for Ionic Compounds


⭐️ Do all exercises and examples ⭐️
Chemical Formulas of Ionic Compounds

• Definition

-​ A chemical formula represents the elements in a compound and their ratios in the
simplest whole numbers.
-​ Example: NaCl represents a 1:1 ratio of sodium to chlorine ions.

• Ionic Lattice

-​ Ionic compounds exist as three-dimensional arrays of alternating positive and negative


ions, forming crystals.

Writing Ionic Formulas

• Conventions

-​ The cation is written before the anion.


-​ Charges are not shown in the final formula.
-​ The overall charge of the compound must be neutral.

• Crossing Charges

-​ Use the absolute value of the charge on one ion as the subscript for the other ion.
-​ Example: Aluminum ion (Al³⁺) and oxygen ion (O²⁻) combine as Al₂O₃.

Examples of Ionic Formulas

• Simple Compounds

-​ Lithium and bromine: Li⁺ + Br⁻ → LiBr.


-​ Magnesium and oxygen: Mg²⁺ + O²⁻ → MgO.

• Balancing Charges

-​ Magnesium and chlorine: Mg²⁺ + 2Cl⁻ → MgCl₂.

Polyatomic Ions

• Polyatomic Ion
-​ a group of atoms covalently bonded with an overall charge.
-​ Example: Nitrate ion (NO₃⁻), sulfate ion (SO₄²⁻).

⭐ Charges and formulas of polyatomic ions are fixed and must be memorized ⭐
• Notable Ions

-​ Ammonium ion: NH₄⁺.


-​ Acetate ion: C₂H₃O₂⁻ or CH₃CO₂⁻.

• Formulas Involving Polyatomic Ions

-​ Enclose the polyatomic ion in parentheses if more than one is needed.


-​ Example: Barium nitrate: Ba²⁺ + 2NO₃⁻ → Ba(NO₃)₂.

Recognizing Ionic Compounds

• Methods

-​ Recognizing polyatomic ions in a formula indicates an ionic compound.


-​ Example: Ba(NO₃)₂ contains the nitrate ion and is ionic.
-​ Compounds between metals and nonmetals are typically ionic.
-​ Example: CaBr₂ (calcium and bromine) is ionic.
-​ Compounds formed from two nonmetals are usually covalent.

Examples of Ionic Recognition

• Ionic Compounds

-​ Na₂O (sodium and oxygen).


-​ NH₄Cl (contains the ammonium ion).

• Not Ionic

-​ PCl₃ (phosphorus and chlorine, both nonmetals).


-​ OF₂ (oxygen and fluorine, both nonmetals).

Key Takeaways

• Ionic formulas balance positive and negative charges.

• Polyatomic ions have consistent names and charges.

• Ionic compounds typically form between metals and nonmetals or include polyatomic ions.
Exercises and Answers

• What does an ionic formula convey?

-​ The simplest ratio of ions in the compound.

• Why do some ionic formulas have subscripts?

-​ To balance charges between ions.

• Examples of Ionic Compounds:

a. Mg²⁺ + I⁻ → MgI₂.

b. Na⁺ + O²⁻ → Na₂O.

• Polyatomic Ions in Formulas:

a. K⁺ + SO₄²⁻ → K₂SO₄.

b. Ca²⁺ + NO₃⁻ → Ca(NO₃)₂.

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