CONTEMPORARY WORLD

Daniel Martin Laudit |1ST Semester | BSAIS 1D

GLOBALIZATION ● Deregulation of financial markets.

GLOBALIZATION ○ Relaxing rules on financial
- The expansion and intensification of social
transactions, making it simpler for
relations and consciousness across world-time
and across world-space. companies to invest in other countries
- Generating a 'global village' to represent an ○ Example: Chinese Company opens
inclusive and cosmopolitan global society. factory in Philippines with fewer
- It is not to discredit one's identity but to restrictions.
integrate national identity with global cultures ● Increased significance of TNCs
and concepts to thrive from different global (transnational corporations)
issues and challenges. ○ Large companies that operates in
- Globalization is a term used to describe how many countries, like Coca-cola, help
trade and technology have made the world spread products and ideas globally,
into a more connected and interdependent making them influential in various
place. Globalization also captures in its scope markets around the world
the economic and social changes that have ○ Example: Coca-cola influence other
come about as a result. countries such as Philippines they
- The concept of globalization is how trade come up with RC
and technology have made the world a more
ADVANTAGES OF GLOBALIZATION
connected and interdependent place. 1. Cheaper Goods For Consumers and Better
- IMPROVEMENT Product Quality
- INNOVATION ○ Increased competitiveness may also
CAUSES OF GLOBALIZATION lead to decline in the price of goods,
● Trade liberalization improvements in quality of goods and
○ Countries reduce trade barriers, choice of goods.
making it easier to buy and sell goods ○ Global competition leads to lower
internationally. prices and higher quality, like how
● Improvements in technology electronics from different countries
○ Advances in technology, like the are often more affordable and better
internet and smartphones made.
○ help people and businesses contact 2. Increase In Skilled Workers
globally ○ Increased international labor mobility
○ Example: When companies use online has led to an increase in skilled
platforms to sell their products. workers.

● Reduced cost/improvement of ○ Globalization encourages people to

communications and transportation learn new skills to compete, such as
when workers in developing countries
○ Better and cheaper ways to
gain training from international
communicate and travel
companies.
○ allow people to interact and move
3. Improvement In Education
across borders easily
○ The spread of the internet has helped
○ Example: Businesses can conduct
to improve education.
meetings via online platforms such as
○ Access to global educational
zoom, g-meet instead of traveling.
resources, like online courses from top
universities, allows more people to
learn and improve their knowledge.

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4. Cultural Diversity 4. Increased Relative Poverty and Inequality
○ Increased movement of labor leads to ○ We have everything by globalization,
an increase in the spread of different we have nothing by globalization.
cultural ideas. ○ While some benefit from globalization,
○ Globalization shares different others may fall behind, such as when
cultures, such as food, music, and wealthy countries grow richer while
traditions, enriching societies with poorer countries struggle.
new ideas and experiences. ○ Privilege people have easy access to
5. Poverty Reduction globalization.
○ The GDP of the developing countries 5. Increased Vulnerability And Instability
has increased twice as much as ○ The international Coffee chains are
before. causing a serious threat to local
○ Global trade can create jobs and boost coffee shops.
economies, like how countries that ○ Economies can become more unstable
export goods often see improved due to global shocks, like when a
living standards for their people. financial crisis in one country affects
6. Transportation markets around the world.
○ Globalization has led to tremendous 6. Disparity
increase in transport services across ○ The Economic system that has
the globe. generated tremendous wealth
○ Advances in global transport make it disparity that really seems unfair.
easier and faster to move goods and ○ Globalization can widen the gap
people, like how shipping containers between rich and poor regions, like
allow for quick delivery of products how urban areas often thrive while
worldwide. rural areas may be left behind
economically.
DISADVANTAGES OF GLOBALIZATION
1. Increased Commodity Price GLOBAL CITIZENSHIP
○ Prices then and now have increased ● Global citizenship underlines equality and
tremendously. shared responsibility for each other, as well
○ Global demand can drive up prices of as responsibility for the well-being of future
basic goods, like when the price of oil generations.
rises due to high international ○ We all have a duty to treat each other
demand. fairly and care for the planet so future
2. Exploitation Of Cheap Labor generations can thrive.
○ Workers working day and night to ● Global citizenship entails the abandonment of
produce goods for very little money. the parochial way of thinking, introducing a
○ Companies may take advantage of low reciprocity in the form of awareness of mutual
wages in poorer countries, such as dependency and allowing individual citizens
when factories pay workers very little to take center stage.
to produce goods. ○ Global citizenship encourages us to
3. Cause Of Diseases think beyond our own communities
○ It is the cause of very serious health and recognize how we rely on one
problems all over the globe. another, giving everyone a voice.
○ Global travel and trade can spread ○ Philosophers like Socrates and
diseases quickly, like how the Diogenes believed that true
COVID-19 pandemic spread worldwide belonging goes beyond borders,
due to increased movement of people. seeing themselves as part of the
entire world.

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● Citizenship involves not just legal rights and GLOBALISM
duties but also how people engage in their ● can be defined as programmatic
communities and society. globalization, the vision of a borderless
● Formal dimension of citizenship - The legal world.
relationship between citizen and state ● Globalism implies the growth of a world
○ This aspect covers the official rights market, increasingly penetrating and
and responsibilities a person has as a dominating the "national" economies, which in
member of a country. the process are bound to lose some of their
● Moral dimension of citizenship - The "nationness". This means dominance of the
participation dimension of citizenship world market over structures of local
○ This aspect focuses on how citizens production, as well as the increasing
contribute to their communities and prevalence of Western-type consumerism.
society through active involvement ● Globalism is the belief that countries should
and ethical behavior. cooperate to solve global issues and
○ CONTRIBUTION AS A CITIZEN promote connections between nations. It
focuses on sharing resources and tackling
● GLOBAL CITIZENSHIP means being a
challenges like climate change and poverty
responsible member for the world, caring
together.
about people and the environment
everywhere, not just in your own country.

RESPONSIBILITY OF A GLOBALIZATION

● Rich countries often have advantages that

slow down the progress of poor countries.
When wealthy nations change their policies,
they can help remove barriers that keep
poorer countries from developing. It’s
important to work together globally on issues
like climate change and resource
management to create a fairer world for
TIMING OF EVENTS
everyone.
● Koenders said that solving problems like ○ Events in globalism often happen quickly due
poverty, environmental issues, and lack of to technology, like how the internet spread
news about protests worldwide almost
access to healthcare and education needs
instantly.
global teamwork. He believed that countries
must work together to find solutions for these ECONOMIC FACTOR
challenges. ○ Globalism connects economies, allowing trade
● Globalization is responsible for connecting and investments across countries which can
countries and people, making trade and create job but also lead to job losses in some
areas
communication easier. It can help share
○ Example:
ideas and resources, but it also means that
■ Outsourcing jobs to countries with
problems in one place can affect others. lower wages
Therefore, it’s important for countries to
DEMOCRACY, POLITICS, AND IDEOLOGY
work together to ensure benefits are shared
fairly. ○ Different countries share ideas about
democracy, influencing each other’s political
systems, but this can create tension when
values clash.

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 SPACE OF THE EVENTS ○ This means countries cooperate by
forming new groups and making
○ Events can affect many regions at
once, making local issues part of a agreements. It helps establish more
bigger global picture. rules to address global problems
effectively
ETHICS AND SOCIAL JUSTICE
4. The unprecedented multidirectional
○ Globalism raises questions about movement of peoples around the world
fairness and equality, as wealth and
involving new patterns of transnational
resources are often unevenly
distributed across countries. migration, identities and communities.
○ More people are moving between
CULTURAL PRACTICES
countries for work or safety. This
○ Globalism encourages cultural creates new communities and
exchange, leading to the blending of identities as people from different
traditions but also potential loss of
backgrounds live together.
local cultures
5. New social hierarchies, forms of inequality,
SOCIAL STRUCTURE and relations of domination around the
world and in the global system as a whole.
○ Globalism can change social hierarchy
by creating new connections between ○ Globalization can lead to new forms of
people from different backgrounds, inequality, where some people or
sometimes leading to greater countries have more power and
inclusivity. resources than others. This can create
unfair situations both locally and
GLOBALIZATION PHENOMENA
1. The emergence of a globalized economy globally
involving new systems of production,
GLOBALIZATION THEORIES
finance and consumption and worldwide
economic integration. HOMOGENEITY AND HETEROGENEITY
○ This means countries are more ● HOMOGENEITY
connected through trade, finance, and ● DIFFERENT cultures become more
production. Businesses can operate ALIKE, SHARING the SAME ideas.
and sell their products worldwide ● Homogeneity is the sameness,
2. New transnational or global cultural similarities of culture that have been
patterns, practices and flows, and the idea combined in order to economic
of 'global culture(s). factors and political orientations of
○ This refers to the way cultures from societies to expand to create common
different countries mix and influence practices and similar forms of
each other. People share music, food, government.
and traditions across borders, creating ○ Homogeneity means that
a "global culture." different cultures become
3. Global political processes, the rise of new similar over time. This
transnational institutions, and happens because of shared
concomitantly, the spread of global economic interests and
governance and authority structures of political ideas, leading to
diverse sorts. common practices and
○ This involves countries working similar governments.
together through new organizations ● Homogeneous societies have similar
and agreements. It means that there ideas and goals. Smaller countries
are more rules and systems to often adopt or are influenced by the
manage global issues. cultures and political systems of
larger countries, like how many

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 nations use democratic governments ○ Technology or Social Media — faster
inspired by bigger ones. flow of information and culture
globally
● Homogeneity in economics impacts
○ Transportation — faster deliver
our culture by making us use similar
FLOWS
products, like appliances and gadgets ● Refers to the free movement of people,
from other countries. We also speak things, ideas, and culture across the globe
English as a global language, which due to the advances in technology, economic
helps share our culture with the world. and political integration, and establishment of
global policies that lessens and eliminates the
● HETEROGENEITY
existing borders
● Globalization affects different places
● Tumutukoy sa mga daloy ng kapital, produkto,
in unique ways, resulting in a mix of at tao, na nagpapakita ng interconnectedness
local cultures and identities. at interdependence ng mga bansa.
● Heterogeneity is the combination of ● Movement ITSELF
the various cultural practices, the ● 2 TYPES OF FLOW
○ FAST FLOW
other new economies and political
■ Good impact into economy
groups from different societies in ○ SLOW FLOW
the world. It has cultural ■ Bad impact into economy
hybridization; it combines identity to OTHER METAPHORS OF GLOBALIZATION
different identity. ( MIRROR, MAGICIANS, AND MUTANTS )
MIRRORS
○ An example of heterogeneity
● Isang paraan ng pagtingin sa kung paano
in the Philippines is the city of
nagrereflect ang mga lokal na kultura at isyu
Manila, where many different sa global na konteksto, na nagbibigay-diin sa
cultures come together. You mga pagkakapareho at pagkakaiba.
can see this in the variety of ○ It’s like trading to other countries — we
food, festivals, and languages, provide what they don’t have and they
will provide what we don’t have.
like how people celebrate
○ EXAMPLE
both traditional Filipino fiestas ■ Pampanga have 10sacks of
and modern events like the rice and Cebu have 10sacks or
Chinese New Year. corn
MAGICIANS
METAPHORS OF GLOBALIZATION ● ability to create connections and
( SOLID, LIQUID, AND FLOWS) transformations across different cultures and
SOLID societies. They show how ideas and products
● It refers to the barriers that may prevent free can magically appear everywhere, blending
movement and it can be natural or man made. and influencing each other in the global
● Tumutukoy ito sa mga matitibay na estruktura landscape
at institusyon na bumubuo sa global na ○ We provide what other country
sistema, tulad ng mga trade agreements at demand even if we don’t have what
international organizations. they have — we still provide
● BARRIERS ○ We tempt to provide what we don’t
○ Delivery ng product then may traffic have
so nadedelay ang movement ng ○ EXAMPLE
product because of the barrier ■ Cebu needs 10sacks but we
LIQUID just have 5sacks — kahit
● Refers to increasing ease of movement of kulang sacks. We still
people, things, information, and places in the MANAGE/TEMPT to provide
global age. what they need.
● mabilis na pag-agos ng impormasyon, ideya, MUTANTS
at kultura, na madaling nagbabago at ● Mutants in globalization symbolize new
umaangkop sa bagong konteksto. cultures or identities formed by blending
● How good and services rotate and moving into diverse influences. They highlight how global
the economy and to market interactions can create unique and
unexpected changes in societies.

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 ● MULTIPLY products ● DYNAMIC — Something that is always
○ EXAMPLE changing or active. It’s not fixed; it moves and
■ You have 50sacks — you evolves overtime.
provide 10sacks to pampanga
5 sacks to bulacan…
How culture evolves through globalization,
leading to glocalization and hybridization,
● MAN-MADE blending global and local elements. This dynamic
o Traffic nature shows that culture isn't fixed; it changes
o TOLL GATE based on our experiences and needs, even as
SOLID ● NATURAL RESOURCES local and global productions face challenges.
o Storm
o Flood

LIQUID ● INFORMATION GLOBALIZATION When a global brand

changes to fit local culture.
● TRANSPORTATION

HYBRIDIZATION When different culture mix

FLOWS ● FAST FLOW
together
● SLOW FLOW

● PROVIDE WHAT THEY EXAMPLE:

MIRROR NEED AND THEY ● Mcdonal’s makes a special burger in India to
PROVIDE WHAT WE match Indian Taste
NEED ● K-pop combines Korean music with Western
style, creating something new that still feels
MAGICIANS ● ATTEMPT TO PROVIDE korean.
WHAT THEY DEMAND
3 PERSPECTIVES OF GLOBAL CULTURAL FLOWS
(DIFFERENTIALISM, HYBRIDIZATION, &
MUTANTS ● MULTIPLY PRODUCT CONVERGENCE)
● SPREAD GLOBALLY
CULTURAL DIFFERENTIALISM
● emphasizes that the differences among
DYNAMICS OF LOCAL AND GLOBAL CULTURE cultures are superficially affected by
globalization.
● The dynamic of local and global culture
● It is deemed to contain the potential for
describes how local traditions change and mix
catastrophic collision.
with global influences, creating new cultural
● According to Samuel Hantington's theory
forms in different places.
on the clash of the civilizations proposed
● One of the characteristics of culture is being
in 1996, political-economic differences
dynamic. Globalization changed the pattern of
were overshadowed by new fault lines
cultural diffusion and sharing that caused
which are primarily culture in nature,
glocalization and hybridization. These
increasing civilizations would lead to
processes make culture become more global
intense clashes especially in economic
with local flavors.
conflict between Western and Sinic
● Today local and global cultural production are
Civilization. This theory has been
in decline. That's the new dynamic. critiqued for a number of reasons
● Globally due to rising fragmentation and especially on its portrayal of Muslims as
locally as a result of the search of what being prone to violence.
originally was supposed to be there. ● MY CULTURE IS DIFFERENT FROM YOUR
Neglecting that culture is not static but CULTURE
dynamic as it is the product of reflection ● RESPECT
necessities and discoveries. ● UNDERSTANDING

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CULTURAL HYBRIDIZATION 5 DIMENSION OF GLOBAL CULTURAL FLOWS
● argues that local and global cultural 5 DIMENSIONS
elements meet that create a hybrid one ● TECHNOSCAPES
that is entirely different from either of ○ The transmission of cultures
the elements through the flow of technology.
● Approach emphasizes the integration of New types of cultural interactions
local and global culture. and exchanges are brought
● It is a development of a new culture by about by technology, particularly
merging two different cultures through the internet.
a period of contact and interaction. ○ flow of technology and how it
● The process by which a cultural element connects people and places
blends into another culture by modifying around the world
the element to fit cultural norms ● MEDIASCAPES
● when TWO cultures MIX together ○ The electronic capabilities of
production and dissemination of
CULTURAL CONVERGENCE information through media.
● stresses the homogeneity of cultures due ○ ways in which media, like TV and
to globalization leading to radical the internet, spread stories and
alteration of cultures. ideas across different culture
● An approach stresses homogeneity ● ETHNOSCAPES
introduced by globalization ○ The shifting landscape of people
● Theory that two cultures will be more across culture and borders such
and more like each other as their as tourists, immigrants, refugees
interactions increase exiles guest workers.
● Basically, the more that culture ○ movement of people and how
interacts, the more that their values, different groups, like migrants and
ideologies, behaviors, arts, and travelers, interact and influence
customs will start to reflect each other. each other.
Occurs when different cultures become ● FINANCESCAPES
more alike in terms of technology, sports, ○ The global movement of money,
language and even in politics including currency, trade and
(Christopher, 2005). commodity. Countries nowadays
are allowed to freely exchange
POPULAR CRITICISM ABOUT CULTURAL goods
CONVERGENCE ○ movement of money and
DETERRITORIALIZATION financial systems that influence
● Means that it is much more difficult to tie economies globally.
culture to a specific geographic point of ● IDEOSCAPES
origin ○ The global flow of ideologies
● In the convergence of culture around the
Mediascapes and ideoscapes
globe these concepts describe different
have a close relationship as they
processes like Glocalization or the
interpenetration of the global and local usually work upon the reliance of
resulting unique outcomes in different the other scape Ideas can be
geographic areas. disseminated via media
● Deterritorialization in globalization refers
platforms.
to the process where cultural, social, and
○ flow of IDEAS and BELIEFS that
economic activities become less tied to
specific places, allowing ideas and shape people’s thoughts and
practices to spread freely across borders. values across different cultures.

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 GLOBALIZATION OF RELIGION IMPACT OF CULTURAL GLOBALIZATION
RELIGION
● Collection of cultural systems, belief CULTURE AND RELIGION
systems, and world views that Culture and religion are inextricably interwoven.
establishes symbols that relate humanity Indeed, on the surface one could argue that
to spirituality and to moral values they are the same
● Set standard
RELIGION AND POLITICS
SOME RELIGIONS Politicians are mostly concerned with the issues
1. CHRISTIANITY that they or their constituents want to promote.
○ Catholicism/Protestants/Christian In some cases these issues may not provide a
2. BUDDHISM benefit for the majority of the public.
○ Buddhism is a religious and Globalization has the same effect.
philosophical tradition that Globalization may benefit sorne but not others
focuses on how to live in order to
achieve enlightenment. The RELIGION AND ECONOMY
purpose is to break free of the Religion and the economy are more closely tied
endless cycles of reincomation than one would expect. As the economy has
and avoid suffering grown in the major countries of the world, the
3. ISLAM main religions of each of those countries have
○ Islam is an Arabic word which grown financially because its members have
means "surrender, submission accumulated more wealth and are able to
commitment and peace" Thus, contribute more dollars to finance the basic
Istam can be defined as a path to financial needs of the religion as well as its
attain complete peace through growth and development
voluntary submission to the
divine will RELIGION AND TECHNOLOGY
4. HINDUISM Technology, within the scope of religious
○ The oldest saligion in the world globalization, plays a major role in how and to
onginating in Central Au and the whom the religion and its doctrine extends.
indus Yally still practiced in the Human civilization has never been without
present day The terre Hinduism is technology, and has relied upon the potential of
what known as an expnym la technological advances in order to advance its
name given by others to a to a own social branches
people place or concept and
derives from the Persian term GLOBALIZATION OF REGIONALIZATION
Sindus designating those who GLOBALIZATION
wed across the Indus River 1. Openness to international
5. JUDAISM economy
○ One of the world's oldest 2. Borderless world
religions, dating back nearly interconnectedness
40000 years and is considered to 3. Integration
be the original Abrahamic faith 4. Innovation
which include slam and ● growth of foreign direct investment
Christianity ● the growing competition->increase in
efficiency, productivity and
competitiveness enhance the production
of goods and services technological
innovation
● developing countries become wealthier

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 ● widespread availability of global goods, ● institutions and good governance: the
services. and ideas positively impacts the reduction of social exclusion and the
lifestyles of citizens ● development of an inclusive civil society
● more opportunities for international contribution to peace and security in the
travel and tourism region
● more opportunities to work abroad due ● the building of environment programmes
to liberal immigrant laws and foreign at the regional level
worker programs ● the strengthening of the region's
● internet, communication satellites, and interaction with other regions of the
wireless telephones, are also among the world
lifestyle benefit -availability of foreign
goods

REGIONALIZATION
● Regional integration (regionalization)- is
a process in which neighboring states
enter into an agreement in order to
upgrade cooperation through common
institutions and rules
○ focus for achieving broader
socio-political and security
objectives, as defined by national
governments
○ regional integration have often
focused on removing barriers to
free trade in the region, increasing
the free movement of people,
labour, goods, and capital across
national borders, reducing the
possibility of regional armed
conflict and adopting cohesive
regional stances on policy issues,
such as the environment, climate
change and migration
● Regional integration has been organized
either via supranational institutional
structures or through intergovernmental
decision-making, or a combination of
both
● the strengthening of trade integration in
the region
● the creation of an appropriate enabling
environment for private sector
development
● the development of infrastructure
programmes in support of economic
growth
● and regional integration the
development of strong public sector

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OUTLINE

I. ..
II. ..
A. ..
1. .

TITLE
SUBTOPIC
SUB SUB TOPIC

TERM
● FUNCTION:
● Description
○ example

side notes

*Enumeration*

Term ● definition
o examples

Term ● definition

Term ● definition

REFERENCES:

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