Eugen Sandow

Eugen Sandow (born Friedrich Wilhelm Müller,

German: [ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ˈvɪlhɛlm ˈmʏlɐ]; 2 April 1867 – 14
Eugen Sandow
October 1925) was a German bodybuilder and
showman from Prussia.[2] He was born in Königsberg,
and became interested in bodybuilding at the age of ten
during a visit to Italy.[3]

After time in the circus, Sandow studied under

strongman Ludwig Durlacher in the late 1880s. On
Durlacher's recommendation,[3] he began entering
strongman competitions, performing in matches
against leading figures in the sport such as Charles
Sampson, Frank Bienkowski, and Henry McCann.[2] In
1901 he organised what is believed to be the world's
first major bodybuilding competition. Set in London's
Royal Albert Hall, Sandow judged the event alongside
author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and athlete/sculptor
Charles Lawes-Wittewronge.[3] Sandow is known as Born Friedrich Wilhelm Müller
the "father of modern bodybuilding".[4] 2 April 1867
Königsberg, Kingdom of Prussia
(now Kaliningrad, Russia)
Early life Died 14 October 1925 (aged 58)
Kensington, London, England
Sandow was born in Königsberg, Prussia (now Resting Putney Vale Cemetery
Kaliningrad), on 2 April 1867. His father was German, place
and his mother was of Russian descent.[5] The family
Other names Eugene Sandow[1]
members were Lutherans and wanted him to become a
Lutheran minister.[6]: 6 [7][8] He left Prussia in 1885 to Height 164 cm (5 ft 5 in)
avoid military service and traveled throughout Europe, Spouse Blanche Brooks ​(m. 1896)​
becoming a circus athlete and adopting Eugen Sandow Children 2
as his stage name, adapting and Germanizing his
Russian mother's maiden name, Sandov.

In Brussels, he visited the gym of a fellow strongman, Ludwig Durlacher, better known under his stage
name "Professor Attila".[9] Durlacher recognized Sandow's potential, mentored him, and in 1889
encouraged him to travel to London and enter a strongmen competition. Sandow handily beat the reigning
champion and won instant fame and recognition for his strength. This launched him on his career as an
athletic superstar. Soon he was receiving requests from all over Britain for performances. For the next
four years, Sandow refined his technique and crafted it into popular entertainment with posing and
incredible feats of strength.

Career
Florenz Ziegfeld wanted to display Sandow at the 1893 World's
Columbian Exposition in Chicago,[2] but Ziegfeld knew that
Maurice Grau had Sandow under a contract.[10] Grau wanted a
weekly salary of US$1,000 (equivalent to $33,911 in 2023).
Ziegfeld could not guarantee that much but agreed to pay 10
percent of the gross receipts.[10]

Ziegfeld found that the audience was more fascinated by Sandow's

bulging muscles than by the amount of weight he was lifting, so
Sandow, 1894 film
Ziegfeld had Sandow move in poses which he dubbed "muscle
display performances". These displays were added to his feats of
strength with barbells. He added chain-around-the-chest breaking and other colorful displays to Sandow's
routine, and Sandow quickly became Ziegfeld's first star.

In 1894, he was featured in the series of three short actuality films,

Sandow, by the Edison Studios.[13] The film includes only part of his act
and features him flexing his muscles rather than any feats of physical
strength.

Though the content of the film reflects the audience's focus on his
appearance, it uses the unique capacities of the new medium. Film
theorists have attributed the appeal being the striking image of a detailed
image moving in synchrony, much like the example of the Lumière
brothers' Repas de bébé where audiences were reportedly more impressed
by the movement of trees swaying in the background than the events
taking place in the foreground. In 1894, Sandow appeared in a short
Kinetoscope film that became part of the Library of Congress.[14] 1894 poster for the Sandow
Trocadero Vaudevilles,
In April 1894, Sandow gave one of his "muscle display performances" at produced by F. Ziegfeld Jr.
the California Midwinter International Exposition of 1894 in Golden Gate in one of his first
Park, San Francisco at the "Vienna Prater" Theater.[15] productions[11][12]

While he was on tour in the United States, Sandow made a brief return to
England to marry Blanche Brooks, from Manchester. However, due to stress and ill health he returned
permanently to recuperate.

He was soon recovered, and opened the first of his Institutes of Physical Culture, where he taught
methods of exercise, dietary habits and weight training. His ideas on physical fitness were novel at the
time and had a tremendous impact. The Sandow Institute was an early gymnasium open to the public for
exercise.[16] In 1898, he founded a monthly periodical, originally titled Physical Culture and renamed
Sandow's Magazine of Physical Culture that was dedicated to all aspects
of physical culture. This was accompanied by a series of books published
between 1897 and 1904 – the last of which coined the term
"bodybuilding" in the title (spelled "body-building").[17]

He worked hard at improving exercise equipment, and had invented

various devices such as rubber strands for stretching and spring-grip
dumbbells to exercise the wrists. In 1900, William Bankier wrote Ideal
Physical Culture in which he challenged Sandow to a contest in
weightlifting, wrestling, running, and jumping. When Sandow did not
accept his challenge, Bankier called him a coward, a charlatan and a
liar.[6]: 171
Strength, And How To
In 1901, Sandow organized the world's first major bodybuilding Obtain It by Eugen Sandow
competition in London's Royal Albert Hall. The venue was so full that was published in 1897
people were turned away from the door. The three judges presiding over shortly before the start of
the contest were Sir Charles Lawes the sculptor, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle his monthly periodical.
the author, and Sandow.[18]

In 1902, Sandow was defeated by Katie Brumbach in a weightlifting

contest in New York City. Brumbach lifted a weight of 300 pounds
(140 kg) over her head, which Sandow lifted only to his chest. After this
victory, Brumbach adopted the stage name "Sandwina" as a feminine
derivative of Sandow.[19][20]

In 1906, Sandow was enabled to buy the lease of 161 (formerly 61)
Holland Park Avenue, due to a generous gift from an Indian businessman,
Sir Dhunjibhoy Bomanji, whose health had improved dramatically after
he had adopted Sandow's regime. This grand four-storey end-of-terrace
house – which was named Dhunjibhoy House after his benefactor – was
his home for 19 years.[21][22][23]

He toured the world, including South Africa, India, Japan, Australia, and "A New Sandow Pose
New Zealand. At his own expense, from 1909, he provided training for (VIII)" from Sandow's
would-be recruits to the Territorial Army, to bring them up to entrance Magazine of Physical
fitness standards, and did the same for volunteers for active service in Culture (1902)
World War I.[24]

In 1911, he was designated special instructor in physical culture to King George V, who had followed his
teachings.[25]

The Grecian Ideal

Sandow's physique resembled those of classical Greek and Roman sculpture because he measured the
statues in museums and helped to develop "The Grecian Ideal" as a formula for the "perfect physique".
Sandow built his physique to the exact proportions of his Grecian Ideal, and is considered the father of
modern bodybuilding, as one of the first athletes to intentionally develop his musculature to
predetermined dimensions. In his books Strength and How to
Obtain It[26] and Sandow's System of Physical Training, Sandow
laid out specific prescriptions of weights and repetitions to achieve
his ideal proportions.

Personal life
Sandow models the statue The
Sandow married Blanche Brooks, daughter of the well-known
Dying Gaul, illustrating his Grecian
photographer Warwick Brooks, of Manchester, England, in Ideal. Sandow would often equip a
1894.[27] They had two daughters, Helen and Lorraine.[28][29] fig leaf to cover his genitals to
further emulate popularly available
samples of Greco-Roman sculpture
Influence on yoga and its traditions of heroic nudity

Sandow was acclaimed on his 1905 visit to India, when he was

already a "cultural hero" in the country at a time of strong nationalistic
feeling. The scholar Joseph Alter suggests that Sandow was the person
who had the most influence on modern yoga as exercise, which absorbed a
variety of exercise routines from physical culture in the early 20th
century.[30][31]

Death
Sandow died at his home in Kensington, London, on 14 October 1925 of
what newspapers announced as a brain hemorrhage at age 58.[1][32] It was
allegedly brought on after straining himself, without assistance, to lift his
car out of a ditch after a road accident two or three years earlier.[33]
However, without an autopsy, his death was certified as due to aortic In 1894
aneurysm.[33]

Sandow was buried in an unmarked grave in Putney Vale Cemetery at the request of his wife, Blanche. It
is rumoured that he was unfaithful to his wife later in marriage, and she refused to mark his grave,
however the cause of this strife is a mystery, because she refused to talk about it.[33] In 2002, a gravestone
and black marble plaque was added by Sandow admirer and author Thomas Manly. The gold lettered
inscription reads "Eugen Sandow, 1867–1925, the Father of Bodybuilding". In 2008, the grave was
purchased by Chris Davies, Sandow's great-grandson.[34] Manly's items were replaced for the anniversary
of Sandow's birth that year and a new monument, a 1.5 ton natural pink sandstone monolith, was put in
its place. The stone, simply inscribed "SANDOW 1867–1925", is a reference to the ancient Greek
funerary monuments called steles.

Legacy
Sandow was befriended by King George V, Thomas Edison, Sir Arthur
Conan Doyle and classical pianist Martinus Sieveking. He was portrayed
by the actor Nat Pendleton in the Academy Award-winning film The Great
Ziegfeld (1936).

"Physical [sic] Strength and How to Obtain It by Eugen Sandow" appears

as one of the books in the catalog of the personal bookshelves of Leopold
Bloom in Chapter 17 (Ithaca, line 1397) of James Joyce's 1922 novel
Ulysses.[35]

As recognition of his contribution to the sport of bodybuilding, a bronze

statue of Sandow sculpted by Frederick Pomeroy has been presented to
the winner of the Mr. Olympia contest, a major professional bodybuilding Sandow's grave is at
competition sponsored by the International Federation of Bodybuilders, Putney Vale Cemetery.
since 1977.[36] This statue is simply known as "The Sandow". (2012)

In 2013, Eugen Sandow was portrayed by the Canadian bodybuilder Dave

Simard in the film Louis Cyr. In 2018, a biographical film was released,
titled Sandow.

Sandows (London) cold brew coffee is named after him.[37]

English Heritage put a blue plaque on his house at 161 Holland Park
Avenue in west London in 2009;[38] it describes him as a "Body-Builder
and Promoter of Physical Culture".

Publications
161 Holland Park Avenue,
Sandow, Eugen, "How to Preserve Health and Attain Strength," Holland Park, London W11
(https://books.google.com/books?id=da_f0XV_RQgC&pg=PA16 4UX, Royal Borough of
9) illustrated with photographs of the author, Cosmopolitan, vol. Kensington and Chelsea
XVII, no. 2, June 1894, pp. 169–176.
Sandow's System of Physical Training (1894)
Sandow on Physical Training (https://archive.org/details/sandowonphysica00sandgoog/pag
e/n11) (1894)
Strength and how to Obtain It (https://archive.org/details/strengthandhowt00sandgoog/page/
n7) (1897)
Sandow's Magazine of Physical Culture (1898–1907)
Body-Building
Strength and Health
The Construction and Reconstruction of the Human Body (1907) [with a foreword by Arthur
Conan Doyle]
Life is Movement (1919)

See also
List of male professional bodybuilders
 List of female professional bodybuilders
Strongman (strength athlete)

References
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3. Louise Maher (29 April 2015). "The Mighty Sandow: How the world's strongest man wowed
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2467.stm). BBC. 16 February 2009. Retrieved 19 February 2009.
17. Patrick Scott, 'Body-Building and Empire-Building: George Douglas Brown, The South
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18. Eugen Sandow: Bodybuilding's Great Pioneer by David Chapman – Author of 'Sandow the
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19. Steve Ward (2014). Beneath the Big Top: A Social History of the Circus in Britain (https://boo
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20. "The Great Sandwina, Circus Strongwoman and Restaurateur" (https://www.atlasobscura.co
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21. "SANDOW, Eugen (1867–1925)" (http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/blue-plaques/sand
ow-eugen-1867-1925). English Heritage. Retrieved 7 June 2018.
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lture/eugen-sandow-fakir-of-physical-culture). OPEN Magazine. December 2011. Retrieved
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27. "Pretty Enough to Be Delilah", The Illustrated American, 13 October 1894
28. Sandow, Eugen (2005) [1911]. Strength and How to Obtain It (https://books.google.com/boo
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+SANDOW&pqatl=google) on 24 May 2011. Retrieved 20 April 2008.
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ch?v=S-nPD2__e0E&). Rogue Fitness. Archived (https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/
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35. "The Joyce Project: James Joyce's Ulysses Online" (https://www.joyceproject.com/index.ph
p?chapter=ithaca&notes=0#.YtBSkS3Mwb0). Retrieved 14 July 2022.
36. "History of the Sandow Statuette" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140904175531/http://www.
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www.ifbbpro.com/news/history-of-the-sandow-statuette/) on 4 September 2014.
37. "Frequently Asked Questions: Why Are You Called Sandows?" (https://web.archive.org/web/
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38. "Plaque to father of body-building" (http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/london/789
2467.stm). BBC. 16 February 2009. Retrieved 14 October 2020.

Further reading
Barford, Vanessa and Lucy Townsend, Eugen Sandow: The man with the perfect body (http
s://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-19977415), BBC News Magazine, 19 October 2012
Chapman, David, "Eugen Sandow and the Birth of Bodybuilding", Hardgainer (May 1993)
Tate, Don, Strong As Sandow: How Eugen Sandow Became The Strongest Man On Earth,
Charlesbridge Publishing, September 2017

External links
Works by Eugene Sandow (https://fadedpage.com/csearch.php?author=Sandow%2C%20E
ugene) at Faded Page (Canada)
Eugen Sandow & The Golden Age of Iron Men (http://www.sandowplus.co.uk/)
His workout with video demonstrations (http://evilcyber.com/fitness/the-eugen-sandow-work
out-you-can-do-at-home/)
Works by or about Eugen Sandow (https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%
3A%22Sandow%2C%20Eugen%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Eugen%20Sandow%22%2
0OR%20creator%3A%22Sandow%2C%20Eugen%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Eugen%
20Sandow%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Sandow%2C%20E%2E%22%20OR%20title%3
A%22Eugen%20Sandow%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Sandow%2C%20Eugen%2
2%20OR%20description%3A%22Eugen%20Sandow%22%29%20OR%20%28%221867-19
25%22%20AND%20Sandow%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29) at the
Internet Archive
Works by Eugen Sandow (https://librivox.org/author/16644) at LibriVox (public domain
audiobooks)
Eugen Sandow (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0762186/) at IMDb
Eugen Sandow in several famous poses: 1. (http://www.imageenvision.com/stock_photo/det
ails/0003-0702-1723-5622/sandow_posed_as_the_dying_gaul), 2. (http://www.imageenvisio
n.com/stock_photo/details/0003-0702-1723-5723/sandow_on_a_pedestal), 3. (http://www.i
mageenvision.com/stock_photo/details/003--702-1723-5829/eugen_sandow_leaning_on_a_
pillar), 4. (http://www.imageenvision.com/stock_photo/details/0003-0702-1723-5842/eugen_
sandow_rear_view), 5. (http://www.imageenvision.com/stock_photo/details/0003-0702-1723
-5953/eugen_sandow), 6. (http://www.imageenvision.com/stock_photo/details/0003-0702-17
23-5513/sandow_wearing_only_a_fig_leaf), 7. (http://www.imageenvision.com/stock_photo/
details/0003-0702-1723-5538/eugen_sandow_friederich_wilhelm_mueller), 8. (http://www.im
ageenvision.com/stock_photo/details/0003-0702-1723-5635/eugen_sandow_in_pose), 9. (ht
tp://www.imageenvision.com/stock_photo/details/0003-0702-1723-5525/eugen_sandow_sitti
ng_on_a_stool), 10. (http://www.imageenvision.com/stock_photo/details/0003-0702-1723-58
17/eugen_sandow_in_pose)
 victorianstrongman.com (https://web.archive.org/web/20111106011009/http://www.victorian
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