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Education System in India Upsc Notes 71

The education system in India has evolved significantly since British rule, emphasizing qualities like creativity and empathy, with the Right to Education Act of 2009 ensuring free education for children aged 3 to 18. Key issues include inadequate employable skills among graduates, a high student-to-teacher ratio, and disparities between urban and rural education quality. Various government schemes aim to improve infrastructure and accessibility, particularly for marginalized groups and girls, while promoting digital learning and innovative teaching methods.

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Education System in India Upsc Notes 71

The education system in India has evolved significantly since British rule, emphasizing qualities like creativity and empathy, with the Right to Education Act of 2009 ensuring free education for children aged 3 to 18. Key issues include inadequate employable skills among graduates, a high student-to-teacher ratio, and disparities between urban and rural education quality. Various government schemes aim to improve infrastructure and accessibility, particularly for marginalized groups and girls, while promoting digital learning and innovative teaching methods.

Uploaded by

araedappon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Education System in India

There has been a significant transformation in India's education system from British rule until
now. The current education system in India underlines developing one's qualities involving good
practices, creative thinking, confidence, and empathy.

Children were taught in small Gurukuls, and it was gradually revised by establishing a
contemporary Indian education system.
• After India attained independence and a new constitution was drafted, among the 6
fundamental rights for every citizen, the Right to Education was one.
• The structure of education in India is separated into 4 primary classifications, namely,
pre-primary (kindergarten), primary (6-14), elementary and secondary education (14-18),
and then higher studies.

Stages of Education System in India


Under the Right to Education Act of 2009, every child between 3 to 18 has the right to get free
and mandatory education. The current education system in India comprises the following
stages.

Level of Education Type of Important levels of education system


System Education Age Class in India
Medium of instruction is a regional language
6– for primary schools. English is the second
Elementary School Primary 14 1–8 language that starts in grade 3.

14– Comprises of Grade 10th and 12th -


Secondary School Secondary 18 9–12 Secondary and Senior Secondary School.
3-Year Programs - science, commerce, arts,
and social studies.
Diploma programs (2 – 3 years) -
Technological or specialized engineering, the
highest qualification is Post Diploma.
First or Bachelor's 12– Professional Bachelor’s degrees ( 4 – 5.5
University Degree Tertiary 15 years) - Medicine, Law, Architecture, etc.

First (Engineering &


Technology) University 12–
Degree Tertiary 16 The courses stretch to 4 years.
Second (Master's) 15– Include M. Tech, LL.M., MA, MBA, MS, M.
University Degree Tertiary 17 Com, which are 2-year programs.

17– Consists of dissertation or thesis and research


Doctoral Degree Tertiary 22 of 5 years.

Current Indian Education Issues and Policies


There are numerous issues associated with the current education system in India. A state-run
public education system primarily handles education in the nation which falls under the authority
of local, state, and central governments. Some of the relevant issues that need to be curbed are
listed below.

Students Studying Abroad:


It is observed that one of the major reasons for students shifting to another country are the
current problems of Indian education. The concerned authorities should work on the issues so
that more youths get educated in their native country and contribute to the growing economy by
applying their knowledge and skills.

Authorization and branding:


Education management must focus on improving education quality standards. Schools and
colleges should offer officially recognized, accepted, or approved degrees.

Ratio between teacher and student:


The students pursuing education are more than the tutors needed in the academies. Therefore,
teachers should be employed wisely by checking their qualifications so that valuable knowledge
is transferred to aspiring students.

Inadequate employable skills:


The youths completing higher education in India do not possess a basic level of education and
hence lack industry-level aptitudes. Due to carelessness in the foundation of basic education,
they cannot develop their skills and remain unemployed.

PPP model:
The Public-Private Partnership (PPP) model can produce innovative specimens for the school
system in India, which is why they should be considered.
Infrastructure facilities:
Government schools should have proper infrastructure as they have already started
broadcasting digital education in rural schools.

Sports education:
The education system in India neglect sports in the education strategy. Though there has been
a phenomenal advancement in this field, sports education is still a luxury in India.

Utilization of Capacity:
The Government should utilize students' full capabilities and ideas by motivating them and
boosting schools to encourage youths with creative minds.

Expenditure on education:
It is crucial to allocate more funds to solve the major problems in Indian education system. With
the passing years, many adaptations have been performed in the education system, and if this
continues, the country will be able to overcome the challenges. India must also adopt a Gross
enrolment pattern observed by the United Nations.

Indian Education System Problems and Solutions


Listed are the problems associated with the Indian education system and some solutions that
the Government can opt to improve the education pattern, thereby enriching the country's
future.

Reasonable Education System


Most educational organizations, especially Government schools, are affordable even for the
poor but need better education and proper infrastructure.
• In contrast, private schools provide good quality education, excellent infrastructure, and
additional types of equipment to practice but are generally expensive for many.
• It is one of the problems in the education system in India that the Government must work
on so that everyone gets an equal level of education in terms of affordability and
accessibility.

Quality of Education Sector in India


The education system in India varies between urban and rural areas. Rural areas are generally
less advanced than urban, and hence they cannot offer suitable educational facilities and
competent instructors to students compared to urban establishments.
• Important measures must be initiated to improve education quality across all country
regions.
• The Indian education system should be unbiased for its youth and offer them similar
learning and career opportunities to develop.
Requirement of Innovations
The system of Indian education has always concentrated on bookish knowledge, and the
system must focus more on encouraging digital learning and education. This way, the country
could explore innovative young minds useful for the country's evolution.
• Fostering digital education will present a considerable modification in the education
system of India.
• The Government authorities must nurture the minds of the young generation for the
country's development.

Campaigns to Improve Education System in India


Check out the most effective Government schemes founded to improve the present education
system in India, along with their basic objectives.

Schemes for India Significance


Education System

Beti Bachao Beti Padhao The scheme boosted the education of girl children in India.

Scheme for Infrastructure It was started to promote the education of minorities group by
Development in Minority increasing and reinforcing the school infrastructure in Minority
Institutes Institutions.

Rashtriya Madhyamik It is a scholarly scheme seeking to improve secondary


Shiksha Abhiyan education and raise the enrolment rate by providing a
secondary school.

Mid Day Meal Scheme It is a single-meal scheme that provides food to children
enrolled in government-aided schools, special training centres,
Maktabs and Madrasas backed under Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan.

National Programme for It is a focused interruption of Government to approach the


Education of Girls at “Hardest to Reach” girl child, particularly those not enrolled in
Elementary Level school.

Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan It was founded in 2001 to facilitate ‘Education for All, supporting
better infrastructure of existing schools and building new
schools.

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